中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结(88条)(共22页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结(88条)2015年10月19日 15:12 新浪教育 1 。 cost / take / spend / pay 花费花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth 。 = sb spend some time （in）doing sth 。= sb spend some time on sth 。某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth 。 = sb pay some money for sth 。 = sth cost sb 。 some money 。 spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。 spent 还可以指“度过” How did you spend your weekend ？The sweater _ me 90 yuan 。 = I _ 90 yuan for the sweater 。=I _ 90 yuan on the sweater 。He spent lots of money _ the mobile phone 。It _ her 20 minutes to go home every day 。 = He _ 20 minutes _ home every day 。2 。 thanks for为而感谢 _ inviting me to your birthday party 。thanks to 多亏/由于_ your help 。I got good grades 。3 。 感叹句 ：多么 what + 名词how + 形容词 / 副词。 _ bad weather ！ 。 _ hard he works ！。 _ fresh vegetables ！ 。 _ cute a monkey it is ！4 。 因为、由于 ： because（ 连词 ） +从句： （ 表示原因 ）because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to I didnt go to school _ I had a headache 。He was late for class _ the bad weather 。He cant come _ he is ill 。Many people have a cold _ the cold weather 。because和 so不能同时连用 。5 。 来自 ： be from = come from Where are you from ？ = Where _ you _ _ ？ He is from Tibet 。 = He _ _ Tibet 。6 。 How often 对频率提问 （ 多久一次） 回答用表示频率的副词或短语How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） 回答用表示一段时间的状语How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） 回答用 in+时间段How far 询问多长距离（多长）- _ have you been collecting the kites ？ -For ten years 。- _ do you go shopping ？ -Sometimes。 - _ will your father come back ？ - In two years 。- _ do you exercise ？ - Once a week 。- _ is it from your home to school ？ - About ten miles 。- _ are you staying there ？ - Two weeks 。7 。 乘交通工具 ： take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane He takes a bus to bank 。= He goes to bank by bus 。 = He goes to bank on a bus 。 I walk to school 。 = I go to school _ 。 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride ones bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in ones car8 。 对不起 ： Excuse me （劳驾，客套话 ）Sorry （ 表示道歉 ） _ 。Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ？Would you mind cleaning your room ？ - _ 。 Ill do it right away 。- Dont eat in class 。 - _ 。 Ms Clark 。 _ ， is this the way to the station ？9 。 声音 ： sound （ 自然界各种声音 ）noise（噪音）voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）Lucy has a sweet _ 。 That _ like a good idea 。Dont make _ 。 The baby is sleeping 。10 。 look like （外貌看起来像 ）be like （ 性格像 ） Lily _ _ Lucy 。 Oh ， they are twins 。 Tony _ _ a monkey because he is cute and playful 。11 。 take to 带去bringto 带来fetch 没有方向性（强调来回） Tony 。 _ the ball here 。Please 。 My father often _ me _ concerts on Sundays 。 _ your homework _ school tomorrow 。12。 一些 ： some 用于肯定句any 用于否定句和疑问句 Id like _ milk 。 Would you like _ yogurt ？_ Thanks 。 I dont want _ 。 在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some 。13。 多少 ： How many修饰可数名词复数How much 修饰不可数名词 _ juice do you want ？ _ apples do you want ？- _is the T-shirt ？ Its 30 yuan 。 How much可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ？14。 看 ：see 强调看的结果look （ at ） 不及物动词，强调看的动作watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志Dont_ in bed 。 We will _ a basketball game this evening 。 Please _ the blackboard 。 Everyone 。 I _ a bird in the tree yesterday 。On Saturday night 。 I saw an interesting talk show 。On Saturday evening 。 several kids watched a movie 。 watch a movie =go to a movie15。 stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop talking 。stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事 The girl soon stopped _ （cry ） 。 He was tired and stopped _ （have ） a rest 。16。 forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：forget / remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事） He forgot to turn off the light 。（没有做关灯的动作） Remember to go to the post office after school 。forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：forget / remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事） He forgot turningoff the light 。（已做过关灯的动作） Dont you remember seeing the man before ？17。 到达 reach + 地点get to + 地点 reach = get toarrive + in + 大地点arrive + at + 小地点 He reached London yesterday 。 = He _ to London yesterday 。 = He _ in London yesterday 。 She arrived _ the bus station just now 。 You should _ （ get ） home on time 。 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to18。 擅长，在方面做得好 ： be good at = do well in 。 She is good at chemistry 。 = She _ _ _ chemistry 。 Niuniu is good at _ the violin 。 = Niuniu _ well in _ the violin 。 Lucy and Lily are twin girls 。Lucy is better _ dancing than Lily 。but Lily _ _ in singing than Lucy 。19。 win （ 赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prizebeat（ 打败、战胜 ）接运动员、球队、对手等。 Which team _ the football match ？ Wang Hao _ Ma Lin and _ the champion of the Mens Singles 。20。 借 borrow sth 。 from sb = borrow sb 。 sth 向某人借某物 borrow借入lend sth 。 to sb = lend sb 。 sth把某物借给某人 lend 借出keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。 Can you lend me your bike ？ = Can you _ your bike _ me ？ You can borrow some money _ your brother 。 = You can borrow yourbrother _ _。 - How long can I _ the book ？- You can _ it for two weeks 。 类似用法的还有：buy have put on wear become beleave be away from open be open begin be ondie be dead return be back become He has _ a doctor 。He has _ a doctor for 10 years 。 begin The film has _ 。The film has _ for ten minutes 。21。 能，会。be able tocan 情态动词后面都接动词原形。 We should _ able to finish the work tomorrow 。 I can _ （play） the guitar 。 He _ able to play chess 。22。 too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数 I have too many rules in my house 。too much 太多 修饰不可数名词 Maybe you have too much yin 。much too太 后跟形容词或副词原级 This coat is much too expensive 。 Eating _ _ is bad for your health 。 Its _ _cold today 。 Youd better not go out 。There are_ _ students in the hallways 。 Its dangerous 。23。 have / has been to 去过某地 He has been to Beijing 。 （现在不在北京）have / has gone to 去了某地 He has gone to Beijing 。 （现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中）have/hasbeen in / at在某地I have ever _ _ America twice 。 He has _ _ Beijing for ten years 。 Where is your brother ？- He_ _ to Hainan 。 _ you ever _ _ Disneyland ？24。 used to do sth 。过去常做某事 This river used to be very clean 。be（get）used to doing sth 。习惯于做某事 Im not used to getting up early 。be used to do sth = be used for doing sth 。 被用于做某事 Pens are used for writing 。 XiaoGang _ _ _ afraid of the dark 。 Thebroom is _ _ clean the room 。 = The broom is _ _ cleaning the room 。 He _ _ _ living countryside 。There is fresh air and sweet well 。 Wood _ _ _ making paper 。25。 belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 （属于）be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 （是）It must _ Nings 。= It must _ Ning 。 The pencil must be _ （my） 。 = The pencil must belong to _ （my） 。 This ball _ to me 。= This ball is _ 。26。 cant 不可能 0表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50 80must 肯定、一定 100 The CD _ belong to Tony 。 because he likes listening to music 。 The notebook _ be mine 。It has my name on it 。 The toy _ be my grandpa 。 After all 。He is an old man 。27。 be made from （由制成）看不出原材料be made of （由制成）看得出原材料 The table _ _ _ wood 。 Paper _ _ _ wood 。28。 prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事prefer sth 。 to sth 。 喜欢而不喜欢prefer doing sth 。 to doing sth 。 喜欢做而不喜欢做 I prefer _ （swim） to _ （play） balls 。 He _ fish to beef 。 I prefer to _ （walk） to work 。29。 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ： ed 修饰人ing 修饰物 I want to go somewhere _ （relaxing/relaxed） 。 She is _ in this _ history story 。 （interesting/interested ） interesting（有趣的） interested（感兴趣的） tiring（累人的） tired（累的，疲倦的）boring （令人无聊的） bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的） excited（激动的）surprising（令人惊讶的） surprised（惊讶的）relaxing（令人放松的） relaxed（放松的）embarrassing （令人尴尬的；令人为难的） embarrassed （尴尬的；为难的）30。 the number of + 名词复数（的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。a number of + 名词复数 （许多、一些）= many The number of students in our class_ 80 。 _ number of students are in Helin Middle School 。31。 for + 一段时间since + 时间点/过去时的句子 We have been studying English _ three years 。 He has been staying here _ he was five years old 。 。 We havent seen each other _ ten years ago 。 for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years 。= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years _ 。32。 除之外 except （不包括在内） Everyone could answer this question except Jim 。besides （包括在内）There are three girls besides me 。 We all passed the exam _ Li Yang 。 Many other students like basketball _ Guo Xiaojun 。33。 already 用于肯定句中（已经）yet 用于疑问句末（已经）用于否定句末（还） Have you seen the film _ ？ I havent locked the door _ 。 Mom has _ watered the flowers 。34。 否定祈使句 Dont + v。No + v.ing / n。 Dont smoke here 。 = _ _ here 。 Dont take photos。 = _ _ 。35。 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末Do you play soccer every day ， too ？either 放否定句末also 放肯定句中 also放在实意动词前，be之后。 She is a girl 。 I am a girl 。_ 。 He _ likes collecting things 。 Lily doesnt like junk food 。 Her good friend doesnt like it 。 _ 。 - I like soap operas 。 I do ， _ 。 - I cant watch TV on school nights 。 I cant ， _ 。36。 be strict with sb。 对某人要求严格be strict in sth 。 对某事要求严格Miss Zhang _ _ _ her work and she _ _ _ her students 。37。 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人need doing sth 主语是物 The classroom _ cleaning 。 Its too dirty 。 Children _ to sleep a lot 。 Its very hot and dry 。 You need _（wear）cool clothes and the flowers need _ （water） 。38。 through 介词： 从内部穿过 （park）across 介词：从表面穿过cross 动词（road。 street。 bridge） Be careful when you _ the street 。 The manwent_ the forest 。 The train goes _ the tunnel（隧道）。 He swam _ the river 。 We drove _ the desert （沙漠） 。 Take a walk _ the park on Center Avenue 。39。 Why dont you do sth = Why not do sth 。提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth 。Lets do sth 。 Why dont you have a cup of tea ？ = _ _ have a cup of tea ？ Lets _ （go） out for a walk 。 How about _ （practice） conversations ？40。 So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义（也是如此）Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义（也不） 它们都属于倒装句。 My mother didnt go to school 。_ _ my father 。 James comes from theUSA 。_ _ Tom 。 My pen pal can speak Japanese 。 _ _ I 。 = Me _ 。 My sister isnt outgoing 。 _ _ I 。= Me _ 。41。 both 两者都all三者或三者以上都 The twins _ are good students 。 There are lots of colorful flowers on _ sides of the streets 。 There are five people in my family 。 We _ like playing sports 。 My parents _ love us 。 We are very happy 。42。 alone 单独，独自一人 He is alone at home 。lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 He lives a lonely life in the country 。 Sometimes he feels quite _ because he has no friends 。 She lives _ in that large house 。43 in the tree 外来的I saw a cat in the tree 。on the tree 长在树上的There are many apples on the tree 。 How many monkeys can you see _ the tree ？ There are a lot of bananas_ the tree 。44。 in the wall 指在墙体内on the wall 指在墙体表面 There is a map _ the wall 。 There is a door _ the wall 。45。 on the bed 指物品在床上My bag is on the bed 。in bed 指人躺在床上Lily is ill in bed 。 There is a jacket _ 。 I have to be _ by ten oclock 。46。 引导结果状语从句：so和such（如此以至于）so是副词，后接adj和adv 。句型：so+adj/adv+that从句He worked so hard that he got the first prize 。so+adj+a（n）+n。+that从句 = such+a（n）+adj+n。+that从句That was so interesting a story that I read it twice 。= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice 。such是形容词，后接n。句型：such+a（n）+adj+n。+that从句He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him 。such+pl。/不可数n+that从句It is such good weather that we can go swimming 。 He runs _fast _ we cancatch him 。 Lili is _a kind girl _we all love her 。 Tom is _ a clever boy that he can answer the question 。= Tom is _ clever a boy that he can answer the question 。 The box is _ heavy _ I cant carry it 。 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用sothat 。sothat句型的否定形式可用简单句tooto或notenough to代替。如：He is so young that he cant go to school 。= He is too young to go to school 。= He is not old enough to go to school 。47。 引导时间状语从句 ：when + 延续性/短暂性动词When I was watching TV ， he came in 。 = When he came in ， I was watching TV 。while+延续性动词（多用进行时）While I was in Shanghai ，I visited him 。 _ he was sleeping 。 Someone knocked at the door 。= He was sleeping _ someone knocked at the door 。 _ the boy heard his mothers voice ， he stopped crying 。 My mother was cooking _ I was doing my homework 。48。 at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。I began to play football when I was five years old 。 = I began to play football _ _ _ five 。49。 instead 放句首、句末instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than 。 I will go to see her _ you 。 He doesnt like beer 。give him coke _ 。 We often sing English song _ reading aloud 。50。 be famous as （作为而知名） as + 职业/身份/地位Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl 。be famous for （以而著名） for + 出名的原因Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake 。 Li Bai is famous _ a poet 。 Jackie Chan ia famous _