中考英语总复习第二篇语法突破篇语法互动07动词的时态和语态课件201902283123.pptx

湖南专版新课标（RJ）第二篇语法突破篇语法互动07动词的时态和语态【中考考点中考考点】(1)动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成。(2)动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。(3)动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。(4)动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法。中考考点直击考点一考点一一般现在时1.一般现在时的结构及用法(1)结构: 主语+be/v.+其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。)动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下:直接加-s。如:workworks以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加es。如:carrycarries, crycries, trytries, studystudies以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的词加es。如:washwashes, teachteaches, gogoes, passpasses, fixfixes特殊:havehas, beis动词的时态中考考点直击(2)用法:表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作,常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。表示普遍真理或客观事实。The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果我妈妈明天有空的话,我将和她一起去购物。中考考点直击2.一般现在时的疑问句、否定句Do you see the bird in the tree? 你看见树上的那只鸟了吗?中考考点直击考点二考点二一般过去时1.一般过去时的用法及标志词一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2016等表示过去的时间状语连用。中考考点直击2.一般过去时的疑问句和否定句中考考点直击Were most people too busy making a living in early times?在早期,大部分人忙着谋生吗? Modern soccer didnt become official until 1863.直到1863年,现代足球才成为官方运动。Did you have any problems on your journey? 你在旅途中有困难吗?动词过去式的变化规则:(1)一般情况下,在动词原形后加ed。如:watchwatched(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词加d。如:livelived(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。如:studystudied, carrycarried, crycried(4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stopstopped, planplanned, preferpreferred(5)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。中考考点直击考点三考点三一般将来时1.一般将来时的结构及用法(1)结构: 助动词shall/will+动词原形be going to+动词原形(2)用法:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用的时间状语有 later (on), soon, in a month(in+时间段), next time, from now on, tomorrow等。I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我就18岁了。表示某种必然的趋势。Fish will die without water. 没有水,鱼就会死亡。 中考考点直击注意 will引导的将来时表示事情没有经过事先计划而即将发生,be going to引导的将来时表示事情经过事先计划、考虑或打算而即将发生。They will arrive here tomorrow morning.明天早晨他们将抵达这里。Im going to see a film this afternoon.今天下午我打算去看电影。中考考点直击2.一般将来时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句中考考点直击Dont worry.You wont be late.不用担心,你不会迟到的。Will you leave for Beijing next week? 下周你要动身去北京吗?When are you going to visit your grandparents?你打算什么时候去看望你的(外)祖父母?中考考点直击考点四考点四过去将来时过去将来时的结构及用法(1)结构: would+动词原形was/were+going to+动词原形(2)用法:表示从过去的某一时刻看将要发生的动作。His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year. 他叔叔说第二年会有个好收成。注意 在if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句用过去将来时,那么if引导的从句需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。If he were here, he would show us how to do it.如果他在这里,他就会向我们展示该如何做。中考考点直击考点五考点五现在进行时1.现在进行时的结构及用法(1)结构: am/is/are+v.-ing形式(2)用法:表示目前正在发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用的时间状语有 now, at the moment 等。当有look, listen等起提示作用的词时,后面的句子常用现在进行时。Are you writing a letter to your friend now?你现在正在给你的朋友写信吗?Listen! She is singing in the next room.听!她正在隔壁房间唱歌。中考考点直击表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作。We are planting trees these days. 这些天我们在植树。表示位移的动词用于进行时态,表示将要发生的动作。此类词有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午将动身去英国。中考考点直击2.现在进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句中考考点直击Mary is listening to music in the next room now. 玛丽现在正在隔壁房间听音乐。Jack isnt playing football now.杰克现在没有踢足球。Is Mike playing the piano in the room now? 迈克现在正在房间里弹钢琴吗?现在分词的变化规则:(1)一般情况下直接在动词后加ing。如:playplaying(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e,再加-ing。如:comecoming, makemaking, liveliving(3)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加ing。如:runrunning, sitsitting, beginbeginning(4)特殊:diedying, lielying, tietying中考考点直击考点六考点六过去进行时1.过去进行时的结构、用法及常用的时间状语(1)结构: was/were+v.-ing形式(2)用法: 过去进行时表示在过去某一时间点或某一时间段内正在发生(进行)的动作。Jack fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.杰克骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。They were building a large house last week.上周他们一直在建一所大房子。(3)常用的时间状语: this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday等。What were you doing at ten oclock last night? 你昨晚十点钟在做什么? 中考考点直击2.过去进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句Jack wasnt studying at 9:00 yesterday morning.昨天上午9点,杰克没有在学习。Were you working all the weekend? 你整个周末都在工作吗?中考考点直击考点七考点七现在完成时1.现在完成时的结构及用法(1)结构: have/has+动词的过去分词(动词的过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化规则相同,有些特殊变化的动词需单独记忆。)(2)用法:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与just, already, yet, recently, before, ever, never, twice, three times等词或短语连用。I the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了)have seen中考考点直击表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since+时间点”,“since+从句(一般过去时)”,“for+时间段”及how long, (ever)since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在过去的几年里,我们种了成千上万棵树。So far there no bad news. 到目前为止还没有什么坏消息。has been中考考点直击2.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,因此,若不强调某事对现在造成的影响就不用现在完成时。I saw the movie yesterday.昨天我看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的)I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止已看过这部电影了)中考考点直击3.延续性动词在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间状语,则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。I have had the book for two days.这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用bought)I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已经来东京两周了。(用been in而不用come to)常见的非延续性动词变延续性动词:have arrived at/in sp., have got to/reached sp., have come/gone/moved to sp.have been in sp.have becomehave been 中考考点直击have got uphave been uphave died have left sp. have fallen asleep/gone to sleephave been asleephave finished/ended/completed have marriedhave been married have begun have been deadhave been away from sp.have been overhave been on中考考点直击have borrowed have boughthave hadhave caught/got a coldhave had a cold have got to knowhave known have joined the League/the Party/the armyhave been a member of the League/the Party/the army或have been in the League/the Party/the armyhave kept中考考点直击4.have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别have been to表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;have gone to表示“已去了某地”,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还未回来;have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”,后面跟副词时不用in。Where is Mrs. Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪儿?She isnt here. She has gone to England.她不在这儿,她去英格兰了。中考考点直击考点八考点八过去完成时过去完成时的结构及用法(1)结构: had+动词的过去分词(2)用法:表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”。常以by, before短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句作为前提。My teacher said she had never been to London.我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。When the police arrived, the thieves . 当警察到达时,小偷们已经逃跑了。had run away中考考点直击表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。与现在完成时一样,过去完成时也常与 how long, for three days, before 等表示一段时间的状语连用。When Jack arrived, he learned Mary for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时,他得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。had been away中考考点直击考点一考点一被动语态的构成被动语态的结构(1)一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词(2)一般过去时: 主语+was/were+动词的过去分词(3)一般将来时: 主语+will/shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词(4)现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词(5)现在完成时: 主语+have/has+been+动词的过去分词(6)过去进行时: 主语+was/were+being+动词的过去分词动词的语态中考考点直击(7)过去完成时: 主语+had been+动词的过去分词(8)过去将来时: 主语+would be+动词的过去分词(9)含有情态动词的被动语态: 主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词注意 使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,主动语态中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动语态时,要还原to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进了这栋楼。被动语态:A stranger was seen into the building. to walk中考考点直击考点二考点二某些动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词,如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth . 这种布料很好洗。注意 主动语态强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较:The door wont lock.(指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,表示“门没有锁”是人的原因)washes well中考考点直击2.不及物动词和动词短语,如happen, last, take place, come out, come true, run out 等,常以主动形式表达被动意义。How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何出版的呢?3.系动词没有被动形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来合理。中考考点直击4.下列结构中的v.-ing形式是主动形式表达被动意义。(1)need, require作“需要”讲时,其后常跟动名词形式。但当这些动词后接不定式时,则必须用被动形式。The bike needs mending.这辆自行车需要修理。Our classroom needs to be cleaned.我们的教室需要打扫。(2)be worth doing sth.值得做某事The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。