中考英语总复习专题十二句子的类型课件30.pptx
专题十二专题十二句子的类型句子的类型语法系统梳理一二三一、宾语从句在主从复合句中做主句宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序。Do you know how much the car is?你知道这辆车多少钱吗?语法系统梳理一二三2.宾语从句的引导词 语法系统梳理一二三3.宾语从句的时态 语法系统梳理一二三语法系统梳理一二三4.否定转移现象 语法系统梳理一二三医生是关心人们身体健康的人。who是关系代词,在定语从句中做主语。二、定语从句在复合句中做定语,修饰主句中某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句,叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who(whom),whose和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.语法系统梳理一二三1.关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句总是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中做从句中的一个成分。关系代词起名词或代词的作用,关系副词起副词或介词短语的作用。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。做宾语时,可以省略。(1)先行词指人时,定语从句由who,whom,that引导,在从句中who,that可以做主语或宾语,whom只做宾语。This is the pen that Im looking for.这就是我正在寻找的那支钢笔。The man who/that/whom my father is talking to is Mr Wang.那个正和我爸爸谈话的人是王先生。语法系统梳理一二三(2)先行词指物时,定语从句由which,that引导,在从句中可以做主语或宾语。The book that/which I read yesterday is very interesting.昨天我读的那本书很有趣。The doll that/which can sing costs 200 yuan.那个会唱歌的玩具娃娃值200元。(3)whose在定语从句中只用作定语,有时它还可以同of which互换。Please pass me the book whose cover/the cover of which is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。语法系统梳理一二三2.关系代词that/which/who的用法区别关系代词that,which可以指物,that和who可以指人,其用法有如下区别:(1)只可用that引导的定语从句当先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时。We should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切对人民有用的事。先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。You can take any seat that is free.你可以坐任何一个空位。先行词被the only,the very,the right等词修饰时。He is the very man that Im looking for.他正是我正在找的那个人。语法系统梳理一二三当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best movie that I have seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。当先行词被序数词修饰时。This is the second storybook that I bought this week.这是我这个星期买的第二本故事书。当先行词同时含有人和物时。We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论我们所感兴趣的人和事。语法系统梳理一二三(2)只用which引导的定语从句当关系代词前使用介词时,只能用which,不能用that。This is the train by which we went to Beijing.这就是我们去北京乘坐的那班列车。在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉从句,整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球是一项非常有趣的运动,全世界人都在踢。(3)表示人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时要用who,而不用that。Is there anyone who can answer this question?有人会回答这个问题吗?语法系统梳理一二三3.关系副词引导的定语从句(1)关系副词在定语从句中做状语,when用在表示时间的名词后,where用在表示地点的名词后,why用在表示原因的名词后。when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构互换使用。I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.我依然记得我第一次遇到他的那一天。Hefei is the place where/in which I was born.合肥是我的出生地。Is this the reason why/for which he was late this morning?这就是他今早迟到的理由吗?语法系统梳理一二三(2)当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因,但关系词在从句中做主语、宾语而不是状语时,不可用when,where或why,而应用that或which。Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake. (做状语)语法系统梳理一二三三、状语从句状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用,修饰主句中的谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句,地点状语从句等等。语法系统梳理一二三语法系统梳理一二三
