理工英语考试复习资料.pdf

理工英语1第一部分交际用语 (10 分)1-5 题：根据对话内容选择恰当的选项。（每题2 分，共 10 分）1. - Haven t seen you for ages, Mike. _- Pretty good. Everything goes well.A. What are you doing? B. How are you? C. How is it going?答案: C解析: ?本题考查“询问”情景的交际用语。 What are you doing意为“你在做什么 ?”；How are you 意为“你好吗 ?”； How is it going意为“情况如何”。根据答语，相当不错，诸事顺利，可知问话应是：迈克几年不见了，情况如何? 所以答案选 C 。2. _ will it take me to walk there? About ten minutes.AHow farBHow longCHow much答案：B解析：本题考查“指路问路”的交际用语。 根据答复里的信息 “About ten minutes.”,我们得知应当是就时间长短发出询问。How far 是对距离有多远的提问；How much 是对数量有多少的提问 ; 选项 B则是对时间长短的提问，所以答案是B。3. - why not dine out together and go to the movies?- _A. You deserve that.B. Sounds like a good idea.C. Thank you.答案：B解析：本题是考查“接受邀请”的交际用语。对于提出的邀请，应该表示感谢，并根据情况做出进一步说明，所以答案是B。4. -A: I can put you down for eleven oclock. Is that OK?-B:A. Oh, Ill be having an interview that time. How about 3 oclock in the afternoon?B. Friday is good.C. Yes, we could.答案：A解析： 本题考查“商议具体见面时间”的交际用语。第一说话人询问I can put you down for eleven oclock ，安排到 11点, 这个时间行不行 ? 答语应给予明确的回答，同不同意约 11点这个时间，如不同意的话给出建议的另一时间, 所以答案是 A。5. - Marry, ?-While, what do you want me to do?A. can I help you?B. where are you?C. will you do me a favor答案：C解析：本题考查“寻求帮助”的交际用语。从第二说话人回答“想要我做点什么”，能听出来第一说话人在请求帮助，因此答案是C 。第二部分词汇与语法（ 30 分）6-20 题：阅读下面的句子， 从 A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题 2 分，共 30 分）6. The _ are eating _ _ at the foot of the mountain.A. sheep, grass B. sheeps, grasses C. sheeps, grass答案： A解析：此题考查可数名词和不可数名词复数形式的用法。可数名词sheep 变复数仍是sheep 谓语动词 are eating说明此处用复数可数名词， 不可数名词 grass ，其形态有单数。因此，正确答案为A。译文：羊群正在山脚下吃草。7.But the Bridge was first _ to the public, almost one year later, after a series of tests andEvaluations.A. open B. lead C. use答案：A解析：本题考查短语 be open to的用法。短语 be open to为固定搭配， 意为：对开放。根据题意，所以正确答案选A。译文：经过一系列的测试和评估，大约一年后，这座桥才第一次对公众开放。8. Which city has _population, Beijing, Guiyang or Nanchang?Beijing, of course.A. the largest? B. the smallest? C. the most?答案：A解析：本题考查形容词的最高级和对人口的修饰词。修饰人口数量的形容词可以用large或者 small ，而 more或 less 常用来修饰 water ，这是习惯用法。北京的人口肯定比贵阳、南昌的多，因此选择A。译文：哪个城市的人口最多？北京、贵阳还是南昌？9. The bridge _ two years ago.?A. built ? ? ? B. was built ? ? ? ? ? ? ?C. is built?答案：B解析：此题考查被动语态的用法。桥是被建造的，而two years ago表示过去，因此用一般过去时被动语态。所以正确答案是B。译文：这座桥是两年前建好的。10. ?We are all for your suggestion that the trip _.A. is to put off B .was put off C. be put off答案：C解析：本题考核虚拟语气的用法。主句有表示“建议”等含义的词，名词性从句用虚拟语气 should 加动词原形，其中should 可省略。本句中的主语the trip 和谓语动词 put off 是受动关系，应该用被动语态，所以答案是C。译文：我们都赞成你把旅程推迟的建议。11. ?I m a business trip for APEC summit, sir.A. on B. for C. in答案：A解析：本题考核动词词组搭配 , be on a business trip 出差, 只有搭配介词 on, 所以答案是 A。译文：我是来出差开亚太经合组织会议的，长官。12. ?_ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A. As B. That C. Who答案： A解析：本题考核非限制性定语从句，在此从句中指代事物只能用which 或 as，不能用that( 不能引导非限制性定语从句 ) ；放在句首时 , 非限定执行定语从句只能用as，不用 which。所以答案是 A。译文：全世界都知道马克吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。13. ?You can ask these experts _advice in job hunting?A. on B. over C. for答案：C解析：本题考查介词辨析。空格后的advice 表明了 ask these experts(请求这些专家) 的目的，故填入 C项介词 for “为了”。 ask for advice是习惯搭配，意为“征询意见”。 A项 on、B项 over 都不符合该用法要求。 译文 ：你可以向这些专家寻求关于求职方面的建议。14. ?He _ a book when the telephone rang.A. read B. was reading C. reads答案：B解析：本题考查时态。根据 rang 可知从句用的是一般过去时态，所以主句应该用过去进行时。因此正确答案应是B。译文：电话铃响时他正在读书。15. ?You can go to Mobile Joker Store, _ is the nearest mobile phone store from here.A .which B. where C. who答案：A解析：三个选项均可用作定语从句中的关系代词，which 指物，where 指地点， who指人。此句当中的先行词Mobile Joker Store明显是物，所以正确答案是A。译文：你可以去 Mobile Joker商店，它是离这最近的手机店铺。16. ?You will soon_ the world outside the smartphone is much more enjoyable.A. release B. realize C. return答案：B解析：此题主要是考查词语意思的区别。A项 release 意为：释放； C项 return意为：返回；B项 realize意为：意识到，所以正确答案是B。译文：很快你就会意识到智能手机以外的世界会更加有趣。17. They also have a camera _allows you to take and share photos and video.A. when B. which C. where答案： B解析： 三个选项均可用作定语从句中的关系代词，which 指物， where 指地点， when指时间。此句当中的先行词camera 明显是物，所以正确答案是B。译文：他们还配置有摄像头，可以让您拍摄和分享照片及视频。18. ?_the weather improves, we will suffer a huge loss in the tourist industry.A.As B. While C. Unless答案： C解析：本题考查对句意及连词用法的掌握。as 意为“当时”，当as 做连词表示一个因果关系时，前面应有逗号，如：She wont be coming，as we didnt invite her( 她不会来这里，因为我们没有邀请她) ；while 意为“当的时候，虽然”，unless 意为“如果不，除非”。译文：除非天气好转，不然我们在旅游业上将会遭受巨大损失。19. Cleaner heating system will bein Beijing to control air pollution.A. sent B. covered C. established答案：C解析： 本题考核 establish的用法。动词 send 意为“发送”； cover 意为“覆盖”；establish意为“建设，建立”，根据文中语境，所以答案是C。译文：北京将会建净化加热系统来控制空气污染。20. Seldom _ his wife punishes her children for speaking out their own ideas freely.A. do I see B. have I seen C. I have seen答案：B解析：本题考核部分倒装句的用法。 具有否定意义或否定形式的词或词组位于句首时，谓语用部分倒装结构。其他具有否定意义的词还有：never ，little，scarcely ，hardly ，not only等。另外，根据句意应用现在完成时态。译文 ：我几乎没见过他妻子因为孩子们自由表达观点而惩罚他们。第三部分阅读理解（ 40 分）Passage 121-25 题：阅读短文，根据短文内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个正确答案。（共计 20 分，每小题 4 分）High-speed rail?is a type of?rail transport?that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of specialized?rolling stock?and dedicated tracks. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, new lines in excess of 250?km/hr and existing lines in excess of 200?km/hr are widely considered to be high-speed, with some extending the definition to include much lower speeds (e.g. 160?km/hr) in areas for which these speeds still represent significant improvements.?The first such system began operations in Japan in 1964 and was widely known as the?bullet train. High-speed trains normally operate on?standard gauge?tracks of continuously welded rail on grade-separated right-of-way that incorporates a large turning radius in its design.Many countries have developed high-speed rail to connect major cities, including Austria , Belgium, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan, turkey, United Kingdom, United States and Uzbekistan. Only in Europe does HSR cross international borders. China has 16,000?km of HSR, accounting for 60 percent of the worlds total. While high-speed rail is usually designed for passenger travel, some high-speed systems also offer?freight?service.21. High-speed rail?is a type of?rail transport?that operates significantly_ than traditional rail traffic.A. fasterB. slowerC. as fast as22. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. there is no single standard that applies worldwide.B. there is a standard that applies worldwideC. there are two standards that apply worldwide23. When didThe first such systemwidely known as the?bullet trainbegin operations in Japan ?A. in 1964B. in 1966C. in 194624. The underlined word “?freight” at the end of the paragraph means_A. military B. cargo C.health25. The best title of this passage is .A. traditional rail traffic B. the?bullet train C. high-speed rail答案： 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B解析：21. 这是一道细节题。短文的首句指出，高铁是一种运营速度远远超过传统列车的交通运输工具，所以选A。22. 这是一道正误判断题。题干要求根据文章的内容，选择选项的表述内容是正确的一个，因此要在原文中要找到与三个选项所表述的内容相关的语句。选项A根据短文的第三句话有明确的表述，选项B和 C表述的是“ a standard 和two standards ”，表述的内容与原文不符，而原文的表述为“no single standard ”，所以选 A。23. 这是一道细节题。短文的首句指出，这种被大家称之为“子弹头”的列车1964年首次在日本开始运行，所以选C 。24. 这是一道词义辨析题。 短文的最后一句说： 高速铁路通常是专为乘客旅行服务的,有一些高速铁路还提供货运服务。B选项中的 cargo 与文中的 ?freight同义，所以选 B。25. 这是一道主旨题，此题是要求要选恰当的标题，这篇短文是围绕高铁展开论述，所以选 B。Passage 226-30 题： 阅读短文并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是正确（True） 还是错误（False ） 。（共计 20 分，每小题 4 分）Housing is the living places for human beings. As the population keeps climbing, people in the city have to face the reality that housing is in short supply. To solve this problem, New York city planners are challenging tradition and starting to design more “micro units.”Micros, also known as “hostel - style ” ap artments, usually offer less than 200 square feet (18.5 square meters) in area. Could you imagine living in 150 square feet (14 square meters)? These units usually have only room for a bed, a table mini-fridge and the basic living essentials.Why is the micro apartment so appealing? The reasons are rather straightforward. It is perfect for single people who don t have a lot of things. It can also meet the need of people who are short on cash but determined to live in their own places.Micro apartments are very common in cities like Tokyo and Hong Kong, where there are so many people living. Now this tiny housing solution is gaining ground in urban areas in the U.S., and Canada.The micro apartment is an experiment in simplicity in American culture. So small-scale home life is part of a hot trend in U.S. real estate. Some people are proud of it. Some of them can find the humor and fun in their small places. But not everyone is in favor of the trend.26According to the passage, the next big trend in U.S. real estate is _.A. big house B. micro apartment C. traditional house27As the population keeps climbing, people in the city have to face the reality that _.A. housing is in short supply B. housing is very sufficient C. housing is a luxury goods28Why is the micro apartment so appealing? _A. It meets the need of someone. B. Its very strange.C. Its excellent.29Micro apartments are very common in some cities like _.A. Beijing B. London C. Tokyo30. How do people think of the micro apartment? _A. Everyone likes it very much.B. Some people think its humorous and fun.C. Not everyone is in favor of the trend.答案： ?26. B 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. C解析：26这是一道推断题。从最后一段的第二句可以推断出正确答案为B。27这是一道细节题。从短文的第二句可以看出正是本题的答案。短语in short supply 意为：短缺，供不应求。因而正确答案为A。28这是一道细节推断题。从短文第三段第三句可以得出答案，短语 meet the need of 意为：满足需求。正确答案为A。29这是一道细节辨析题。从短文第四段第一句话可以分辨出正确答案为：C。30这是一道观点态度题。从文中最后一句话并不是每个人都会喜欢小房产，可以得出正确答案为： C。第四部分翻译（共计20 分，每小题 4 分）31-35：请从以下 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳翻译。31. It can also meet the need of people who are short on cash but determined to live in their own places.A. 它也能满足一些人的需要，他们缺钱，但又决心拥有一个自己的家。B. 它也可以满足人的需要，缺钱但决定住在自己的地方。C. 它也能满足需要的人谁是短期的现金，但决心生活在自己的地方。答案： A解析： 短语 meet the need of 意为：满足的需求。由关系代词who引导的定语从句修饰 people 。短语 be determined to do sth. 意为：下定决心去做某事，这里表示有决心的状态。正确答案为 A。32. ?It has a total length of?49.968 km, of which 35.578 km will be built over the sea.A. 它总长度 49.968 公里，其中 35.578 公里在海上。B. 它总长度 49.968 公里，其中有 35.578 公里是横跨在海面上的。C. 它总长度 49.968 公里，其中 35.578 公里在海底。答案：B解析：be built over 横跨，以建筑物覆盖。所以选B。33. ?It s very important to maintain your current weight through exercise and healthy eating.A. 非常重要的通过锻炼和健康饮食来保持你目前的体重。B. 锻炼和健康饮食来保持你目前的体重是非常重要。C. 通过锻炼和健康饮食来保持你目前的体重是非常重要的。答案： C解析： 本题中， It是形式主语，动词不定式短语to maintain是真正的主语，放在句子后面， through 意为：通过，所以正确答案是C。34. ?People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel.A那些没有足够木材的人们得花费大量的钱来烧饭。B那些没有足够多木材的人们得依靠大量的钱来购买烹饪燃料。C那些没有足够木材的人们得花费大量的金钱购买烹饪燃料。答案：C解析：spend money on doing sth：表示“在 .上花费金钱等”，介词on 后接名词或代词。短语large amounts of意为“大量的”，修饰不可数名词，所以选C 。35. ?Visitors can enjoy a very close experience with the forest and wildlife on the curving bridge.A游客们能够与野生动物和森林有着更近的体验。B蜿蜒的桥面让游客能够近距离地体验森林与野生动物。C. 游客们可以尽情享受丛林中的野生动物。答案： B解析： A. C 选项忽略了 on the curving bridge的翻译。所以选 B。理工英语 1第一部分交际用语 (10 分)1-5 题：根据对话内容选择恰当的选项。（每题2 分，共 10 分）1. - Don t forget to come to our party this weekend!- _A. Sure. See you.B. You are welcome.C. Not at all.答案： A解析：本题是考查“接受邀请”的交际用语。第一说话人提出了邀请，答语应该表示同意，所以答案是A。2.- Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the Linden Street?- _A. You can t ask me.B. Pardon? I have no idea.C. Sorry, Im new here.答案： C解析： 本题考查 “问路”的交际用语。对于上文“打扰了，你能否告诉我到林顿街怎么走？”的回答有两种。如果知道怎么走，就可以用简单的方位词指示出怎样到达目的地。如果不知道怎样走，可以真实地告诉对方“I m sorry, I am new here too.”表示帮不了忙。而 A和 B都不是正确的回应对方问路的语言。答案C的内容符合交际“对不起，我也不熟悉这里” , 所以正确答案是C 。3. -I m going to Hainan for my holiday.-_AThanks a lot. B. Not at all. C. Have a nice trip!答案： C解析：本题考查“表达祝愿” 的交际用语。 句意: “我要去海南度假。 ” “旅途愉快！ ”thanks a lot意为“非常感谢”； Not at all意为“不用谢”；与题意都不符合，所以正确答案是 C。4. - I wonder if you could help me take my suitcase and box onto the car. They are too heavy for me to carry.- .A. It doesnt matter.B. Certainly, here it is.C. My pleasure, sir.答案：C解析：本题考查“请求帮助”的交际礼貌用语。当第一说话人用“I wonder if you could help me ”提出要求。被询问者应当用Sure/ No problem/Here you are/My pleasure 等回答，所以答案是C。5. Have you had a nice journey?_A. Glad to see you, too, Mary. Indeed, its been a very nice journey.B. How are you?C. Yes, we have.答案：A解析：本题考查“询问某事”的交际用语。“Have you had ” 是现在完成时态，表示到现在为止已完成的旅行，此题询问是否度过了一个愉快的旅行，问句是一般疑问句形式，因而回答必须用“ yes”或“no”作答。因而正确答案为A。第二部分词汇与语法（ 30 分）6-20 题：阅读下面的句子， 从 A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题 2 分，共 30 分）6. Tony is going camping with _ boys.A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little答案：C解析：由 限定词 - 数词- 描述词-( 大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色 ) -性质- 名词 的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C合乎答案 , 所以正确答案选C。译文：托尼将要和其他两个小男孩一块儿去露营。7. - Could you please tell me something about the two_?- _. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Germen; Not at all C. Germans; All right答案： C解析： 本题考查专有名词复数与交际用语用法。Frenchman的复数是 Frenchmen ，German的复数不是把 a 换成 e，而是直接加 s, 即 Germans ，故 B是错的。 Yes, please 包含“好吧和感谢”的意思， All right指“好吧”。故正确答案是C。译文：“你能告诉我有关这两位德国人的情况吗？”“可以，他们是第一中学的交流学生。”8.Solar cooking is a _cooking method.A. convenience B. convention C. convenient答案：C解析：该题考核形容词 convenient的用法。convenience 是名词，意为“便利的事物”；convention也是名词，意为“会议，习俗”，所以答案是C 。译文：太阳能烹饪是一种非常便捷的烹饪方式。9. Li Lei is_ student in our class.A. tall B. taller D. the tallest答案： C解析：此题考核形容词最高级的用法。形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,其结构形式为： 主语+谓语( 系动词)+the+ 形容词最高级 +名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 所以选 C。译文：李蕾是我们班上最高的学生。10. The book _ on this subject was written by an old female writer.A. referring B. referring to C. referred to答案: C解析： 本题考查非谓语动词。 referred to是短语动词的过去分词做后置定语修饰book，意为“涉及”。答案A和 B 为现在分词，不具有被动含义，所以答正确案是C。译文：涉及这门学科的这本书是由一位年长的女作家撰着的。11. Seldom _ his wife punishes her children for speaking out their own ideas freely.A. do I see B. have I seen C. I have seen答案：B解析：本题考核部分倒装句的用法。 具有否定意义或否定形式的词或词组位于句首时，谓语用部分倒装结构。其他具有否定意义的词还有：never ，little，scarcely ，hardly ，not only等。另外，根据句意应用现在完成时态。译文：我几乎没见过他妻子因为孩子们自由表达观点而惩罚他们。12.If he persists?awkward?questions, then?send?him to the?boss.A. in?asking? B. to ask C. to be asked答案：A解析：本题考核 persist in doing的动词搭配。 persist in为固定搭配，表示“坚持做”，所以答案是A。译文：如果他固执地问那些让人尴尬的问题，那么就把他打发到老板那儿。13.There is no doubt _Herbert is the most industrious student in our class.A. whether B. what C. that答案：C解析： 本题考核同位语从句。名词doubt 用在肯定句中，其后的同位语从句用whether 引导，若用在否定句中则由that 引导，故选 C。译文：赫伯特是我们班最勤奋的学生，这一点是不用怀疑的。14. Now tell me, how can you separate yourself _the other person?A. with B. out C. from答案：C解析：separate from意为“分开，区别”为固定搭配；所以正确答案为C. 译文：那么请告诉我，你怎能把自己同别人分开呢？15. All the trees_ last summer.A. were planted B. planted C. are planting答案: ?A解析: 本题考查被动语态。根据句意应该是“树被种”，而且其中含有表示过去时间的时间状语 last summer ， 所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态。因此正确答案应是A。 译文：所有的树都是去年夏天种下的。16.We support the view that poor management will _ business failure.A. break up B. take in C. lead to答案：C解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。 break up 意为“打碎，破裂”； take in意为“包含，包括； lead to意为“导致”。由题意可知答案为C 。译文：我们所支持的观点是，不良的管理将会导致企业的失败。17. She didnt know_ to express her ideas in English clearly in public.A. which B. why C. how答案：C解析：本题考查对句意及副词用法的掌握。这里要选用副词how ，意思是“如何 ; 怎样;以什么方式”。译文：她不知道在公共场合如何用英语清楚表达自己的想法。18. I m a business trip for APEC summit, sir.A. on B. for C. in答案：A解析：本题考核动词词组搭配 , be on a business trip 出差, 只有搭配介词 on, 所以答案是 A。译文： 我是来出差开亚太经合组织会议的，长官。19. I have an appointment with Mr. Xie at about 10 oclock tomorrow morning, but would you please it to sometime next week?A. complete B. clarify C. postpone答案：C解析：本题考核 postpone 的词义和用法 , 这三个选项的词义不同， complet