肉鸡日粮最优的含硫氨基酸与赖氨酸比例.ppt

OptimalMet+Cys:Lysratioindietsforbroilers肉鸡日粮中最优的肉鸡日粮中最优的Met+Cys:Lys比例比例Dr.Andreas Dr.Andreas LemmeLemme EvonikEvonik Degussa Degussa 赢创赢创德固德固赛赛工工业业集集团团Health&Nutrition Feed AdditivesHealth&Nutrition Feed Additives健康与健康与营营养事养事业业部部饲饲料添加料添加剂剂FeedAdditivesaminoacidsandmore.Determinationofoptimalaminoacidratios理想蛋白氨基酸比例的测定理想蛋白氨基酸比例的测定IdealProteinConcept理想蛋白的概念pIdealratiosbetweenaminoacids(referenceLys)p氨基酸的理想比例（以赖氨酸为标准）pShouldbeappliedonbasisofdigestibleaminoacidsp应当以可消化氨基酸为基础应用Determinationofidealaminoacidratios理想蛋白氨基酸比例的测定pFactorialapproach析因法pDose-responsetrials剂量反应试验2022/10/28|*FeedAdditivesaminoacidsandmore.Factorialapproach析因法析因法Partitioningofaminoacidrequirementforvariouspurposesfactors把氨基酸需要量分割为用于各种目的需要量因子Whatsrequired?需要什么？pAminoacidretention(netaccretion)氨基酸的存留（净增加）Analysedcontentofweightgain,eggmass,feathers,milkyield,etc.分析增重、蛋内容物、羽毛、产奶等的成分pUtilisationofabsorbedaminoacids吸收氨基酸的利用率Dependentonaminoacidbalance依赖于氨基酸的平衡pMaintenancerequirement维持需要Aminoacidrequirementforzerogain零增重时的氨基酸需要Functionofbodyweight体重的功能2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmorePartitionofthelysinerequirement赖氨酸需要量的分赖氨酸需要量的分割割2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmorePartitionofthemethionine+cysteinerequirement蛋蛋+胱需要量的分割胱需要量的分割2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreNot100%oftheAAabsorbedbythesmallintestineareusedforretention吸收的氨基并不能吸收的氨基并不能100利用利用Lysineutilisation=80%赖氨酸利用率赖氨酸利用率80Isoleucineutilisation=61%异亮氨酸利用率异亮氨酸利用率612022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreLysineaccr.(slow)=-22.49+0.76xr2=98%Lysineaccr.(fast)=-25.63+0.79xr2=99%Methionineaccr.=-3.4+0.68xr2=97%TSAAaccr.=-2.74+0.52xr2=97%Threonineaccr.=-13.75+0.82xr2=99%Valineaccr.=-13.44+0.73xr2=99%x=AAintake氨基酸的食入量氨基酸的食入量H.M.Edwardset.al,PoultryScience,1999EdwardsandBaker,PoutryScience,1999EdwardsandBaker,Br.J.Nutr,1997D.H.Bakeretal.,J.Nutr.,1996IntermediateutilisationofAA氨基酸的平均利用率氨基酸的平均利用率2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreThreesectionsofanexponentialdose-responsecurve指数剂量反应曲线的三个阶段指数剂量反应曲线的三个阶段Aminoacidretention,氨基酸存留，氨基酸存留，g/dy=a+b*(1-e-(c*X)a+baIIIIIII=slopeisalmostlinear斜率几乎是线性斜率几乎是线性II=slopeisnonlinear斜率是非线性斜率是非线性III=slopetendsagainstzero斜率趋于零斜率趋于零UtilisationofthedigestedAAishighestinsectionI在第一阶段，消化的氨基酸利用率最高可消化氨基酸的食入量，可消化氨基酸的食入量，g/d2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreUtilisationofdietaryMetinlow(18.3%)andhigh(22.9%)CPdietsforbroilers肉鸡日粮中高蛋白肉鸡日粮中高蛋白(22.9)和低蛋白和低蛋白(18.3)日粮中日粮中Met的利用率的利用率LP:LowproteinNP:normalprotein*FatufeandRodehutscord,20052022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreUtilisationofaminoacidsinbroilersdependsongenetics在肉鸡上氨基酸的利用率与遗传有关在肉鸡上氨基酸的利用率与遗传有关*Fatufeetal.,20048d-21d2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmorePartitionofthelysinerequirementinbroilers在肉上赖氨酸需要量的分割在肉上赖氨酸需要量的分割2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmorePartitionofthemethionine+cysteinerequirementinbroilers在肉鸡上蛋在肉鸡上蛋+胱需要量的分割胱需要量的分割2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreEffectofageonidealMet+Cys:Lysratio年龄对理想蛋年龄对理想蛋+胱比例的影响胱比例的影响2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreFactorialapproach析因法析因法Advantages优势NetaccretioncanbeanalysedforallAAsimultaneously所有氨基酸的净沉积可同时被分析出Netaccretioncaneasilybedeterminedfordifferentages不同日龄的净存积很易被测出Challenges挑战Utilisationofdigestibleaminoacidsdifficulttodetermine可消化氨基酸的利用率很难被测定ForeachAAseparately每一种氨基酸分别测定Dependentonphysiologicalstate(age,breed,etc.)生理状态有影响(年龄、品种)Maintenancerequirementdifficulttodetermine维持需要很难被测定ForeachAAseparately每一种氨基酸分别测定Regressionmethodology回法方法D2O(deuteriumoxide)氧化氘2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreDose-response剂量反应法剂量反应法Whatsrequired?需要什么？Groupsofanimalstobefed饲喂不同组的动物Adequatenumberofreplications重复数足够Experimentaldietswithgradedlevelsofonenutrient试验日粮中添加梯度水平的一种营养素Basaldietisdeficientinthenutrienttobeinvestigated测定基础日粮是否缺乏测定的营养素Exactdietmixing精确的日粮的混合配制Adefinedperiodoftimeorage确定的时间或年（日）龄Performancecriteria生产性能指标Growth,feedconversion生长，饲料转化率N-retention,breastmeatyield氨存留,胸肉产量Parametersmeasuredinplasma血浆参数Inthedoseresponsetrialthereisnotpartitioningoffactorsbecauseallofthemtogetherdeterminetheresponse.在剂量反应试验中，没有因子分割，因为所有因子合在一起测定2022/10/28|*DeterminationoftheoptimalMet+Cys:Lysratioinbroilers在肉鸡上测定最优的蛋胱：赖氨酸比例在肉鸡上测定最优的蛋胱：赖氨酸比例ProjectwithProvimiBV,TheNetherlands111赢创赢创.创新原动力创新原动力.2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreMaterialandmethods材料与方法材料与方法Birds鸡鸡:1700day-old,maleRoss308broilersdistributedtopensinordertominimisevariatiobetweenpens.1700只1日龄公罗斯308随机分到笼中，以缩小变异Housing:2x36raisedfloorpens/intworooms/35Catarrivaldecreasedto21.5Cattermination禽舍：禽舍：2x36地面笼/两个房间/鸡雏到达时35C，以后逐渐最终降至21.5CDiets日粮日粮:Corn-wheatsoybeanmealbased玉米小麦豆粕基础日粮basalstarter(1-14d)andgrower(14-35d)diets雏鸡日粮(1-14d),生长鸡日粮(14-35d)5gradedMet+Cys:Lysratios5个梯度的蛋胱:赖氨酸比positivecontrol+Lys正对照+LysacommercialstarterdietwasfedwhenMet+Cys:Lysratiowasstudiedinthegrowerphase当研究生长鸡阶段的蛋胱：赖氨酸比例时，雏鸡阶段饲喂商业日粮Parameters参数参数:bodyweights-weightgain/feedconsumption-feedconversioncarcassevaluation(5randomlyselectedbroilers/pen)体增重/饲料消耗饲料转化率/胴体评价(随机选取5只鸡/笼)2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreDesign试验设计试验设计TreatmentTFDMet+Cys:TFDLysLysIStarter雏鸡(0-14days)62.9%9.71II67.8%9.71III72.6%9.71IV77.5%9.71V82.4%9.71VI阳性对照74.4%10.76VIIGrower生长鸡(14-35days)62.9%9.44VIII67.8%9.44IX72.6%9.44X77.5%9.44XI82.4%9.44XII阳性对照74.4%10.462022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreCompositionofthestarterdietsIngredients,g/kg雏鸡饲料原料组成雏鸡饲料原料组成Treatments62%67%72%77%82%HighLysMaize玉米414.5414.5414.5414.5414.5414.5Wheat小麦150.0150.0150.0150.0150.0150.0Soybeanmeal豆粕305.4305.4305.4305.4305.4305.4Soyisolate大豆分离蛋白16.216.216.216.216.216.2Maizegluten玉米蛋白粉17.617.617.617.617.617.6Soybeanoil豆油35.235.034.834.634.433.9Animalfat动物脂肪11.611.611.611.611.611.6Premix预混料10.010.010.010.010.010.0Limestone石粉17.417.417.417.417.417.4Monocalciumphosphate磷酸二氢钙13.013.013.013.013.013.0Salt食盐2.682.682.682.682.682.20Sodiumbicarbonate碳酸氢钠1.101.101.101.101.101.74DL-Methionine蛋氨酸-0.480.951.431.911.91L-LysineHCL赖氨酸盐酸盐-1.35L-Threonine苏氨酸0.270.270.270.270.270.27DIAMOL5.004.724.444.153.872.882022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreCompositionofthestarterdietsNutrients,g/kg,andenergy(kcalME/kg)雏鸡料的营养成分雏鸡料的营养成分TFDMet+Cys:Lys62%67%72%77%82%HighLys74%Crudeprotein粗蛋白209210210210210212Crudefat粗脂肪767676757575Crudefibre粗纤维242424242424Crudeash粗灰分666666656564AMEn(kcal/kg)305730573057305830583058TFDLys*真粪可消化赖氨酸9.719.719.719.719.7110.76TFDMet真粪可消化蛋氨酸3.083.554.024.504.974.97TFDMet+Cys真粪可消化蛋胱6.116.587.057.538.008.00TFDThr真粪可消化苏氨酸7.527.527.527.527.527.52TFDTrp真粪可消化色氨酸2.242.242.242.242.242.24TFDIle真粪可消化异亮氨酸8.538.538.538.538.538.53TFDArg真粪可消化精氨酸13.3713.3713.3713.3713.3713.37TFDVal真粪可消化精缬氨酸9.389.389.389.389.388.59Calcium钙9.79.79.79.79.79.7AvailablePhosphorus可利用磷4.34.34.34.34.34.32022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreCompositionofthegrowerdietsIngredients,g/kg生长鸡料的营养成分生长鸡料的营养成分Treatments处理处理62%67%72%77%82%HighLysMaize玉米485.30485.3485.3485.3485.3485.3Wheat小麦50.0050.050.050.050.050.0Soybeanmeal豆粕325.93325.9325.9325.9325.9325.9Maizegluten玉米蛋白粉18.2418.218.218.218.218.2Soybeans豆粕6.066.16.16.16.16.1Animalfat动物脂肪35.8935.835.835.735.735.7Soybeanoil豆油35.935.735.635.435.334.8Premix预混料10.0010.010.010.010.010.0Limestone石粉12.7212.712.712.712.712.7Monocalciumphosphate磷酸二氢钙10.9410.910.910.910.910.9Salt食盐2.32.32.32.32.31.8Sodiumbicarbonate碳酸氢钠1.51.51.51.51.52.2DL-Methionine蛋白质-0.460.931.391.851.86L-LysineHCL赖氨酸盐酸盐-1.31L-Threonine苏氨酸0.210.210.210.210.210.21DIAMOL5.004.734.474.203.932.942022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreCompositionofthegrowerdietsNutrients,g/kg,andenergy(kcalME/kg)生长鸡料的营养成分生长鸡料的营养成分Treatments处理处理62%67%72%77%82%HighLys74%Crudeprotein粗蛋白202202203203203204Crudefat粗脂肪104104103103103103Crudefibre粗纤维242424242424Crudeash粗灰分606060595958AMEn(kcal/kg)321832183219321932193220TFDLys真粪可消化赖氨酸9.449.449.449.449.4410.46TFDMet真粪可消化蛋氨酸3.023.483.944.404.854.86TFDMet+Cys真粪可消化蛋胱5.946.406.867.327.787.78TFDThr真粪可消化苏氨酸7.327.327.327.327.327.32TFDTrp真粪可消化色氨酸2.142.142.142.142.142.14TFDIle真粪可消化异亮氨酸8.298.298.298.298.298.29TFDArg真粪可消化精氨酸12.9912.9912.9912.9912.9912.99TFDVal真粪可消化精缬氨酸9.139.139.139.139.139.13Calcium钙7.67.67.67.67.67.6AvailablePhosphorus可利用磷3.83.83.83.83.83.82022/10/28|*FeedAdditivesaminoacidsandmorephase1-14daysResultsforthestarter雏鸡雏鸡1-14天试验结果天试验结果FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreExperimentaldata：Starterperiod1-14days试验结果：试验结果：114天雏鸡阶段天雏鸡阶段QuickChick:73%TFDLys9.719.719.719.719.7110.76Met+Cys:Lys63%68%73%78%82%74%n666666Gain,g增重333c365b365b354bc360b451aFeedintake,g采食量428c472b467b448bc462b544aFCR,kg/kg饲料转化效率1.285b1.293b1.283b1.265b1.282b1.206aCarcassyield,%ofLW胴体重(活重的%)63.85a62.11bc62.62abc62.93ab62.48bc61.55cBreastmeat,%ofCW胸肉产量(胴体重的%)20.11c23.11b23.16b21.93b22.99b27.42a2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreExtraLyshadanenormousimpactonweightgain额外的赖氨酸对增重有巨大的影响额外的赖氨酸对增重有巨大的影响QuickChick:73%2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreFeedconversionwasmuchbetterinthepositivecontrol阳性对照组饲料转化率更好阳性对照组饲料转化率更好QuickChick:73%2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreSummaryandconclusion总结和结论总结和结论OptimalMet+Cys:Lysinstarterperiod在肉雏鸡料中最优的蛋在肉雏鸡料中最优的蛋+胱胱:赖氨酸比赖氨酸比ResponsetoincreasingMet+Cys:Lysratiowasweakandinconsistent.增加蛋胱：赖氨酸比，生长反应较弱且不恒定Performanceofpositivecontrol(+Lys)wassubstantiallyhighercomparedtotheothertreatments阳性对照(+赖氨酸)的生产性能比其它处理高Itisconcluded由此可推断DegreeofLysdeficiencywastoostrongintheexperimentaldietsalthough2ndlimiting尽管赖氨酸是第2限制性的，但在实验日粮中其缺乏程度太强。ThishasresultedindepressedfeedintakeandthusavoidedaresponsetoincreasingMet+Cys:Lysinthediet这导致采食量降低，从而使肉鸡对日粮中蛋胱增加没有反应。DeterminationofoptimalAAratioscanalsobeaffectedbysecondlimitingaminoacidifdegreeoflimitationtoopronounced.假如第二限制性氨基酸缺乏明显，最优的氨基酸比例的测定受第二限制性氨基酸的影响。2022/10/28|*FeedAdditivesaminoacidsandmoreEffectofincreasingMet+Cys:Lysratiosingrowerphase在生长鸡阶段增加蛋胱在生长鸡阶段增加蛋胱:赖赖氨酸比例的影响氨酸比例的影响FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreResultsofthegrowerexperiment1435days生长鸡生长鸡(1435天天)的结果的结果TFDLysine9.449.449.449.449.4410.46Met+Cys:Lys63%68%73%78%82%74%n666666Gain增重,g1489c1693b1778a1763a1783a1819aFeedintake采食量,g2723c2888ab2981a2874b2877b2876bFCR饲料转化率,kg/kg1.813a1.706b1.677b1.631c1.614cd1.581dCarcassyield,%ofL胴体产量,毛重的%69.75c70.65b71.11b71.23b71.54a71.35bBreastmeat,%ofCW胸肉,胴体重的%30.66d31.65cd32.39bc33.02b33.11b34.34aAbdominalfat,%ofCW腹脂,胴体重的%2.42a1.99b2.15ab2.12b1.95bc1.71bcQuickChick:75%2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreWeightgain,14-28daftertwoweeksoffeeding饲喂饲喂2周后（周后（14-28天）增重天）增重Cleardose-responsetoincreasingMet+Cys:Lys对日粮中增加蛋胱:赖氨酸比例有明著的剂量反应。Performanceofpositivecontrolslightlybetter阳性对照组的生产性能要稍微高些。Regression回归Exponential,r2=0.97RATIO:74%指数曲线，r2=0.97,比例:74QuickChick:75%2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreWeightgain,grower,14-35dResponsewasofnon-linearnature生长鸡生长鸡(14-35d)体增重：非线性反应体增重：非线性反应Cleardose-responsetoincreasingMet+Cys:Lys对对增加的蛋胱增加的蛋胱:赖氨酸有赖氨酸有明显的剂明显的剂量反应。量反应。Performanceofpositivecontrolslightlybetter阳性对照生产性能要好一些。阳性对照生产性能要好一些。Lyssecondlimiting赖氨酸是第二限性能氨基酸。赖氨酸是第二限性能氨基酸。Regression回归回归Exponential,r2=0.99TFDMet+Cys:Lys:75%指数曲线，指数曲线，r2=0.99,TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸比：蛋胱：赖氨酸比：75QuickChick:75%2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreFeedconversion,grower,14-28dResponsewasalmostlinear饲料转化率，生长鸡饲料转化率，生长鸡(14-28d),反应几乎呈线性反应几乎呈线性TheresponsetoincreasingTFDMet+Cys:Lys对增加对增加TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸比例的反蛋胱：赖氨酸比例的反应：应：wasstrong:20points很强列：很强列：20点点wasalmostlinear几乎呈线性几乎呈线性FCRofpositivecontrolwasbetterthantheremaining阳性对照的阳性对照的FCR比其它组更好比其它组更好Regression回归回归Exponential,r2=0.95TFDMet+Cys:Lys82.4%指数曲线指数曲线,r2=0.95TFD蛋蛋+胱胱:赖氨酸赖氨酸82.4%QuickChick:75%2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreFeedconversion,grower,14-35dAsymptotewasnotachieved生长鸡生长鸡(14-35d)的的FCR：没有达到渐近线：没有达到渐近线TheresponsetoincreasingTFDMet+Cys:Lys对增加对增加TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸的反应蛋胱：赖氨酸的反应wasstrong:20points强烈：强烈：20点点wasalmostlinear几乎呈直线几乎呈直线FCRofpositivecontrolwasbetterthantheremaining阳性对照比其它各组好。阳性对照比其它各组好。Regression回规回规Exponential,r2=0.99TFDMet+Cys:Lys82.4%指数曲线指数曲线,r2=0.99TFD蛋蛋+胱：赖氨酸胱：赖氨酸82.4%QuickChick:75%2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreCarcassyield,grower,35d胴体产量，生长鸡，胴体产量，生长鸡，35天天Carcassyieldimprovednon-linearlywith1.5points胴体产量非线性增加，胴体产量非线性增加，1.5点点Asymptotewasnotachieved没有达到渐近曲线没有达到渐近曲线Regression回规回规Exponential,r2=0.99TFDMet+Cys:Lys82.4%指数曲线指数曲线,r2=0.99TFD蛋蛋+胱胱:赖氨酸赖氨酸82.4%QuickChick:75%2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreBreastmeatyield,grower,35d胸肉产量，生长鸡，胸肉产量，生长鸡，35天天AlmostlinearresponsetoincreasingMet+Cys:Lys对增加的蛋胱：赖氨酸几乎呈线对增加的蛋胱：赖氨酸几乎呈线性反应性反应2.5points大于大于2.5百分点百分点Positivecontrolshowedhighestperformance阳性对照表现出最好的性能阳性对照表现出最好的性能Regression回规回规Exponential,r2=0.99TFDMet+Cys:Lys82.4%指数曲线指数曲线,r2=0.99TFD蛋蛋+胱胱:Lys82.4%QuickChick:75%2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreSummaryandconclusion总结和结论总结和结论OptimalMet+Cys:Lysingrowerperiod生长期肉鸡最优的蛋胱：赖氨酸生长期肉鸡最优的蛋胱：赖氨酸ClearresponsestoincreasingdietaryTFDMet+Cys:Lys.对增加日粮中TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸表现出明显的反应。partlylinear,partlynon-linear部分线性，部分非线性strongeffects(250ggain,20pointsFCR,1.5pointscarcassyield,2.5pointsBMY)有显明的影响(250g增重,20点FCR，1.5点胴体产量,2.5点胸肉产量)Performanceofpositivecontrolwasslightlyhighercomparedtotheothertreatments阳性对照组的生产性能比其它组稍微高些ConfirmationthatLyswassecondlimiting证明赖氨酸是第二限制性氨基酸Regressionanalysissuggested回规分析表明optimalTFDMet+Cys:Lysratioof75%formaximisingweightgain以最大增重为指标，最优的TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸比例是75%optimalTFDMet+Cys:Lysratioof82%forminimisingFCR以最优饲料转化效率为指标，最优的TFD蛋胱:赖氨酸比例是82%optimalTFDMet+Cys:Lysratioof82%formaximisingcarcassandbreastmeatyield以最大胴体产量和胸肉为指标，最优的TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸比例是82%ItisconcludedthatoptimalTFDMet+Cys:Lysratioforoptimisedbroilerproductionisatleast75%butprobably75%.以上表明结果表明：为取得最大生产性能，最优的TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸比例至少为75%,或更多2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreOverallConclusion1总体结论总体结论1Optimalratiosbetweenessentialaminoacidscanbedeterminedby日粮中最优的必需氨基酸比例可能通过以下方法测定factorialapproach析因法challenge:utilisationofabsorbedaminoacids挑战：吸收氨基酸的利用率doseresponse剂量反应challenge:foreachaminoacidandphaseseparately挑战：每一种氨基酸和每一个阶段都要测定challenge:methodologylimitationbysecondlimitingaminoacid挑战：方法学第二限制性氨基酸的限制。2022/10/28|*FeedadditivesaminoacidsandmoreOverallConclusion2总体结论总体结论2Twodose-responseassayswereconductedtodeterminetheoptimalMet+CystoLysratio进行了两个剂量反应试验测定最优的蛋胱：赖氨酸比例Startertrial雏鸡试验NoreliableratiocouldbedeterminedasLyswasassumedtobetoolimiting没有得到可靠的比例，因为赖氨酸过分缺乏Growertrial生长鸡试验optimalTFDMet+Cys:Lysratioof75%formaximisingweightgain为取得最大增重，最优的TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸比例是75%optimalTFDMet+Cys:Lysratioof82%forminimisingFCR为取得最大饲料转化率，最优的TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸比例82%optimalTFDMet+Cys:Lysratioof82%formaximisingcarcassandbreastmeatyield为取得最大胴体和胸肉产量，最优的TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸比例82%ItisconcludedthatoptimalTFDMet+Cys:Lysratioforoptimisedbroilerproductionisatleast75%butprobably75%.可以得出结论：为得到最大的肉鸡生产性能，最优的TFD蛋胱：赖氨酸至少为75%,甚至更多。2022/10/28|*