人教版英语八年级下册知识点总结.pdf
Unit 1Unit 1 whatswhats the matter? the matter?一、一、themetheme（了解）（了解）: :1) Talk about health and first aid 健康与急救2）Give advice 提建议二、二、知识点知识点P1P11、WhatWhats s thethe matter matter with(with(关于关于) ) sbsth? sbsth?某人或某物怎么了？（询问健康问题或困难，麻烦等）询问问题的其他常用句型：Whats thethe troubleproblem with sb?Whats wrong with sb? Whats up? (口语)What happened to sb? 某人发生了什么事？Is there anything wrong with sb?2 2、健康问题的表达、健康问题的表达：1 1）havehas +aan+havehas +aan+疾病疾病 have a coldfevercough (have a coldfevercough (感冒，发烧，咳嗽感冒，发烧，咳嗽) )2 2）havehas+aan+havehas+aan+身体身体ache have a stomachachetoothacheheadache(ache have a stomachachetoothacheheadache(胃疼，牙疼，头疼胃疼，牙疼，头疼) )3 3）havehas+aan sore+havehas+aan sore+身体部位身体部位 have a sore backthroat (have a sore backthroat (背疼，嗓子疼背疼，嗓子疼) )4 4）身体部分）身体部分+hurt head and neck hurt+hurt head and neck hurt 头和脖子疼（头和脖子疼（P2P2）5)sb +hurt+5)sb +hurt+身体部位身体部位oneself hurt yourselfoneself hurt yourself 伤到你自己（伤到你自己（P4P4）hurt his backhurt his back 伤到他的背伤到他的背(p5)(p5)6 6）cut oneselfcut oneself身体部位身体部位 cut myselfcut myself 切到自己（切到自己（P2P2）7 7）have a heart problemhave a heart problem 心脏病心脏病 have problems breathinghave problems breathing 呼吸困难呼吸困难8 8）get hitget hit 被打被打 get sunburned get sunburned 被晒伤被晒伤3、1）foot-feet on foot 步行 tooth-teeth2) She talked too muchtoo much yesterday and didnt drink enough enough water.(1) too much, much too和 too many: too much too much 太多，可以修饰动词和不可数名词；太多，可以修饰动词和不可数名词；much too 太，修饰形容词，much too cold 太冷；too many 太多，修饰可数名词复数。（2） enough adv. adj. 足够的 （地） ， 充分的 （地） ， enoughenough 修饰名词，修饰名词， 可前可后，可前可后， waterwater enough=enoughenough=enough waterwater足够的水；修饰形容词需后置，足够的水；修饰形容词需后置，big enoughbig enough 足够大足够大P2P24、1 1）lie down and restlie down and rest 躺下来休息躺下来休息考点考点 lielie 趟，趟，lie-lay-lain-lyinglie-lay-lain-lying考点：休息考点：休息 rest=takehave a rest=take breaks(a break) rest=takehave a rest=take breaks(a break)2)2) hot t tea withwith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 withwith 介词带有，具有（带有，具有（反 without）3）see a dentist 看牙医 4）get anan X-ray考点考点 5)take one5)take ones temperatures temperature 量体温量体温51）What should I do?考点：考点：shouldshould 情态动词，应该，应当，用于询问，提出建议，或表达职责和义务情态动词，应该，应当，用于询问，提出建议，或表达职责和义务。As a student, you should study hard. (职责，义务)You should lie down and rest. (提建议)2）sound like 听起来像 3）on the weekend 在周末 all weekend 整个周末6、You need to take breaks away from the computer.You need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要离开电脑休息。初中英语考点考点 1 1）needneed 实意动词，需要实意动词，需要 need+nving(被动)to do sth (to do sth (需要做某事需要做某事) )I need your help.The trees need watering. (to be watered)树需要浇水了情态动词，need+do sth考点考点 2 2）break cnbreak cn 休息，间歇休息，间歇 take a break=take breaks take a break=take breaks v 折断，打破7 7、I sat in the same way for too long without moving .I sat in the same way for too long without moving .我以同样的姿势一动不动地做了太久。1 1）in the same way 同样的方式 2）for too long 太久 3）without 没有+nving8、IfIfyour head and neck still hurthurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.考点考点 1 1）ifif 引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。考点考点 2 2）hurt vihurt vi 疼痛疼痛3）go to a doctor 去看医生=go to see a doctorP3P33a 9、1)go along 沿着考点考点 2 2）see sb doing sthsee sb doing sth 看到某人正在干某事（强调动作正在进行）看到某人正在干某事（强调动作正在进行） ，See sb do sth 看到某人做某事（强调动作过程或经常发生）类似用法的感官动词：hearwatchnotice sb doingdo sth3）next to 紧挨着，旁边 4）shout for help 呼救10、The bus driver, 24-24-yearyear-old-old Wang Ping, stoppedstopped the bus without thinking twice without thinking twice.公交车司机，24 岁的王平，没有多想便停下了车。考点考点 1 1）24-24-yearyear-old-old，复合形容词，复合形容词，数词-名词（单数单数）-形容词，只作定语，表语用24 years old考点考点 2)without thinking twice2)without thinking twice 没有再想，毫不犹豫反 think twice11、HeHe got offgot off and asked the woman what and asked the woman whathappenedhappened? ?他下车问那位妇女发生了什么事？考点考点 1 1）get offget off 从、 、 、下来 get off the busplanehorseship (et off the busplanehorseship (较大的交通工具较大的交通工具) )，反 get onget out of the cartaxihe cartaxi 下车反 get into 上车考点考点 2 2）happen vihappen vi 发生，没有被动语态发生，没有被动语态，（1）sth happened+地点、时间某地或某时发生了某事（2）sth happened to sb 某人发生了某事（不好的事）（3）sb happened to do sth 某人恰巧干某事 I happened to meet him.12、He expected expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait fod wait for the next bus.他希望大部分或全部乘客下去等下一辆公交车。考点考点 1 1）expect sbexpect sb toto do sth do sth 期望某人做某事期望某人做某事 expect to do sth 期望做某事 expect that 从句2）wait forfor sbsth 等待某人、某物 wait fofor sb toto do sth 等待某人做某事 wait toto do sth 等待做某事13 3、To his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.To his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.令他惊讶的是，令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。考点考点 1 1）surprisesurprise n 惊讶 to oneto ones surprises surprise 让某人惊讶的是 in surprisein surprise 惊讶地 v使惊奇考点考点 2 2）agreeagree toto do sth do sth 同意做某事 agree withwith sb 同意某人的观点 agree on on sth 就某事达成一致We agreed on the price. 我们就价格达成了一致。14、ThankThanks s to to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was savedwas saved by the doctors in time.in time.多亏王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人。考点考点 1 1）ThankThanks s to+ to+n.pron. 多亏，=with the help of thanks for 因、 、 、而感谢考点 2）was saved 被动语态 waswere+动词的过去分词（被动语态的一般过去时）初中英语考点考点 3 3）inin time time 及时及时 on time 准时15、1)help othersothers 帮助 2）think about 考虑 3 3）hit-hit-hithit-hit-hit4)right away 立刻，马上=at once考点考点 5 5）get into troubleget into trouble 陷入困境，惹麻烦 be in trouble 困境中 have trouble doingdoing sth 做某事有困难P4P416、1）反身代词：单数：myself, yourself ,himself, herself, itself复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves反身代词的用法：（1）作主语同位语 I made dinner myself. 我自己做的晚饭。（2）作动词的宾语：hurt, cut, enjoy, help, hurt, teach, dress, look after等Did you hurt yourselfhurt yourself playing soccerplaying soccer? (现在分词短语作时间状语)2）fall down 摔倒P5P517、1）Someone felt sick sick.有人生病了。考点:sick adj. 生病的，有病的，可以做表语和定语，be sickillbe sickill 生病生病 sick kids 生病的孩子2）tell sb (not)(not) to do sthP6P618、考点考点 1 1）havehave problemstroubledifficultyproblemstroubledifficulty doingdoing sthsth 做某事有困难（反 have no problem doing sth）2）be interested in in+ndoing sth 对、 、 、感兴趣19、As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks .As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks .作为登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。考点考点 1 1）be used tobe used to doingdoing sth sth 习惯做某事习惯做某事 used to dodo sth 过去常常做某事I used to staystay up late, but I m used to goinggoing to bed early. 我过去常常熬夜，但是现在习惯早睡了。考点考点 2 2）risk cnrisk cn.危险，风险 take a a risk=take risks s3)one of+cn 复数、 、 、之一4）because of +nprondoing(短语) 因为、 、 、 、 because+句子20、He found himself in a very dangerous situation.发现自己处在非常危险的境地。考点考点 1 1）find+sbsth(find+sbsth(宾语宾语)+adj.)+adj.介词短语介词短语 现在分词（宾补）现在分词（宾补）考点考点 2 2）inin a very dangerous a very dangerous situationsituation 处于非常危险的境况3）was caught 被动语态 4）by himself=alone 自己21、He could not freeree his arm.他无法使胳膊挣脱考点：考点：free vfree v 使自由，释放使自由，释放 adj.adj.空闲的，自由的，免费的22、But when his water ran outran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life save his own life.但当他的水喝完时，他知道必须做些什么来自己的生命。考点考点 1 1）run outrun out 和和 run out of:run out of:用尽，耗尽用尽，耗尽=use up ,run out of=use up ,run out of 人人作主语，作主语，run outrun out 物物作主语作主语H His water ran out. = He ran out of his water.考点考点 2 2）save onesave ones lifes life 挽救某人生命挽救某人生命2323、He was not readywas not ready to diedie that day. 他不想那天就。1）be ready to do sth 准备好做某事2）die v-death(s) n-dead 死的 dying 垂死的3 3）knife-knives 4)cut offknife-knives 4)cut off 切除切除初中英语24、WithWith his left arm, he bandaged himselfhimself so thato that he wouldnot lose too muchtoo much blood. 他用左臂包扎了自己以便不至于失血过多。考点考点 1 1）so thatso that 以便，为了以便，为了，=in order that 引导目的状语2）lose too much blood 失血过多25、This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of .This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of .这这意思是处于一个你似乎没法摆脱的困难之中。考点考点 1 1）mean vmean v 意思是，打算，意欲意思是，打算，意欲 mean to do sthmean to do sth 打算做某事打算做某事 meaning n2)seem to do sth 似乎做某事考点考点 3 3）get out ofget out of 离开，从、离开，从、 、 、出来，、出来， （摆脱）（摆脱）2626、Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of ones life .阿伦讲述了正确选择和自己掌握命运的重要性。1）tell of 讲述，叙述2）importance un 重要性 important adj. 重要的3）decision cn 决定 decide v make a decision to do sth= decide to do sthmake a decision to do sth= decide to do sth 决定做某事决定做某事考点考点 4 4）be in control ofbe in control of 掌管，管理掌管，管理（反 be out of control）27、考点考点 1 1）so+adj.+thatso+adj.+that 如此、如此、 、 、以至于引导结果状语从句、以至于引导结果状语从句考点考点 2 2）keep on doing sthkeep on doing sth 继续做某事继续做某事P6P628、1）mind doing sth 介意做某事2 2）give up (doing sth) 放弃UnitUnit 2 Ill2 Ill help to clean up the city parks help to clean up the city parks一、themetheme（了解）（了解）topic: Volunteering and offer help ,志愿服务，提供帮助1）clean up the city parksstreet2) give out food at the food bank3)Visit the sick kids; teach kids4) Work in an old peoples home (2d)5) Volunteerat animal hospital; after-school reading program (3a)6)give money 捐钱（2b）二、语法：动词不定式和动词短语一）动词不定式1、结构：to+动词原形或不带不带 toto2、特点：在句中除了不能作谓语，其他均可。3、句法功能：1）主语：常用 it 作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语ItIt is important to keepfitto keepfit. =To keep fit is important.2)宾语：（1）直接宾语：想，喜欢，希望 :want, like, love, would like, hope,expect; 决定同意开始学习：decide,choose, agree-refuse, begin, start, learn; forget-remember, 需要计划：need, plan.Ill help to clean upto clean up the city parks。 （宾语）(2)宾补：tell,ask,advise,want,wish,allow,order，teach 等She asked me to say sorry. 她让我道歉。初中英语（3）用 it 作形式宾语：I thinkfind、 、 、+it+adj.+to do sthI find itit hard to learnto learn English.3)表语：My dream is to become a scientist.,4)定义：I have something to eat.我有些吃的东西。5）状语4、否定：not+to do5、疑问词（what,who,which, where,whenhow,）+to do 作宾语I dont know what to say. 我不知道说什么。6、不带 to 的不定式：1）had better 最好2）why not, why dont you 为什么不3）使役动词 let, have 和 make4)感官动词 feel,see,watch,notice,hear.二）动词短语：结构1 1）动词）动词+ +副词（副词（away, back, in, out, off, up, downaway, back, in, out, off, up, down，overover 等）等） ，宾语为代词时，代词放中间宾语为代词时，代词放中间。Clean upClean up2)2)动词动词+ +介词（介词（for, about, of, after, from, to, with, at, withfor, about, of, after, from, to, with, at, with 等）等）care forcare for3)3)动词动词+ +副词副词+ +介词介词 come up withcome up with4)动词+名词：take risks5)动词+名词+介词：take care ofP91、考点考点 1 1）clean upclean up 打扫干净打扫干净考点考点 2 2）volunteevolunteer n 志愿者，义工； v 志愿做，义务做volunteer to do sthvolunteer to do sth 义务做某事义务做某事考点考点 3 3）help (sb to) doto) do sth=help (sb) withwith sth 帮助（某人）做某事2、The girl couldcould visit the sicksickkids in the hospital to cheer cheer themthem upup.1)could 可以，委婉地提建议2）sick kids 生病的孩子（sick 作定语）3）to cheer them up, 动词不定式作目的状语，考点：考点：cheer upcheer up 使高兴（代词放中间）使高兴（代词放中间）4 4）givegive outout 分发（分发（=hand out）, ,散发P103、1）come up withcome up with 想出，提出（plan, idea）=think up2)putput offoff+ + doingdoing sth 推迟做某事3）putput upup 张贴，搭建4）notice cn 通知,布告 make some notices un 注意 v 注意 notice sb dodo(做，强调过程)doing( 正在做) sthI noticednoticed him enterenter the room. 我注意到他进了房间。I noticed his hand shaking.shaking.我注意到他的手正在抖。1） hand outout 分发 6）callcall upup 打电话，召集 7）ask sb to do sth4、1）make a plan to do sth=plan toto do sth计划做某事2）help (sb) out with (sth) 帮助（某人）做某事（摆脱困境）3）used to dodo sth 过去常常做某事否定didndidnt uset use to do5 5、lonelylonely 和和 alone: lonely adj.alone: lonely adj.孤独的，寂寞的；孤独的，寂寞的；alonealone 独自的（地）独自的（地） adj. adv, adj. adv,初中英语He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely.6、listen to themto them and care for themfor them1)动词+介词 2）care forcare for 照顾照顾=take care of, look after=take care of, look after，非常喜欢 care about 关心，在意P117、1）give up+ n.pron.doingdoing 放弃2）each ,every: each 形容词，每个的代词代词每个 each(代词) of my eyesEvery adj. 每个的 every one of my fingers固定搭配：not every 并非每个 each other 互相3）help others 帮助别人8、I want to learn more about how to care for animals. 但是我想更多了解如何照顾动物。1）want to do sth 2)learn about 了解，知道，考点考点 3 3）how(how(疑问词疑问词)+to do)+to do 作宾语作宾语9 9、I I getget such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animalsgetget better and the look of better and the look ofjoy on their ownersjoy on their owners faces. faces. 当我看到动物们变好和他们主人脸上喜悦的表情，我产生那么一种极强的满足感。1 1）get 实意动词，得到，产生；系动词，变得 get better考点考点 2)such+aan+2)such+aan+形容词形容词+cn+cn 单数单数=so+=so+形容词形容词+aan+cn+aan+cn 单数单数 so strong a feelingSuch+形容词+cn 复数un3)3)feeling cn 感觉4）satisfaction n 满足 satisfy v 满足5）joy n enjoy v enjoyable adj.6)owner n 主人（所有者）own v 拥有 adj. 自己的7）see sbsth dodo sth 看到某人、某物正在做某事10、she decided to try out for a decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.after-school reading program.她决定参加一个课外阅读课外阅读项目项目的志愿者选拔。1）decide to =do sthdecide to =do sth 决定某事决定某事= make an decision to do sth考点考点 2 2）try out fortry out for 选拔，尝试3）learn to do sth 学习做某事4）go on a journey=take a journey 去旅行11、VolunteeringVolunteering here isis a dream come true for me.1)现在分词短语作主语，谓语单数。2）come true 实现，主语通常是愿望，梦想等。12、I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.1)what 引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序宾语从句，用陈述语序。2）love to do sth 3)at the same time 同时P1212、1）be busy with sth 忙于某事 at least 至少2）try to do sth 努力做某事，试图做某事3）homeless adj. 无家可归的 n+less=adj. hopeless useless4）be worried about sth 担心某事=worry about1313、few, a few, little, a little:few, a few, little, a little: 可数名词：few(否定 )，a few(肯定)；不可数名词：little(否定)，a初中英语little(肯定)14、考点考点 1 1）raise vraise v 筹集，募集筹集，募集 raise money raise money 筹钱举起，抬起 raise your head2）stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事3）one of +cn.(pl)、 、 、 、之一P1314、1）take aftertake after 像（像（外貌、性格等方面）=be similar to2) fix2) fixupup 修理修理 3）givegive away away 捐赠P1415、1）would like toto do sth考点考点 2)set up2)set up 建立，设立（组织，团体等）建立，设立（组织，团体等）3）disabled adj. 残疾的，丧失能力的 able adj. （有能力的-disable v 使丧失能力-disabled adj.16、You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.考点：考点：make it (for sb) to do sthmake it (for sb) to do sth 使某人做某事、使某人做某事、 、 、 ，itit 作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。17、1）Luckymakes a big difference tomakes a big difference to my life.Lucky 对我的生活产生了很大的影响。考点：考点：make a difference tomake a difference to 对、对、 、 、产生影响、产生影响2） let sb do sth 让某人做某事3）blind adj.瞎的 deaf adj. 聋的 the blinddeaf 瞎子，聋子 the+adj. 表示一类人18、1）imagine v 想象，设想 imagine doing sthimagine doing sth 想象做某事想象做某事 imagination n2）think about 考虑3）difficulty un 困难 have difficulty(in) doing sthhave difficulty(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 cn 难题，难事 difficult adj.4)open v4)open v 打开打开 adj. adj. 开着的（反开着的（反 closedclosed）keep the window openclosedkeep the window openclosed5）a friend of mine= one of my friends19、1）train n 火车 v 训练，培训 training n 培训2）be excited about 对、 、 、感到兴奋3）kindness n 善良形容词+ness=名词 illness happiness4)thank sb for doing sth 因某事而感谢某人20、be good at=be strong in=do well in 善于做某事21、The ideas that he came up with worked out fine. 他想出的这些主意很有效。考点：考点：work outwork out 成功地发展，解决，计算出成功地发展，解决，计算出Work out finewellWork out finewell 奏效奏效Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一、一、theme(theme(了解了解) )：chores 做家务二、二、Grammar: permissionGrammar: permission 许可许可：发出请求和请求允许的句型1、Could you (please)+动词原形+、 、 、？请你、 、 、 、好吗？发出请求1）肯定回答：Yes, I can. Yes, sure. No problem.2)否定回答：Sorry, I cant. Im afraid I cant.2、Could I +动词原形+、 、 、？我可以、 、 、吗？请求允许1）肯定回答：Yes, you can. Yes, please.2)否定回答：Sorry, you cant. Im afraidyou cant.考点：以 could 开头的表示礼貌地发出请求或请求允许的疑问句，简略回答不能用 couldcouldnt,要用初中英语cancant.三、知识点三、知识点P171、考点 1)take out the rubbishtake out the rubbish 丢垃圾take out 把、 、 、带出去，取出，动词+副词，代词放中间，take it outrubbish un 垃圾 throw the rubbish扔垃圾2）do the dishesdo the dishes 刷盘子 fold your clothes fold your clothes 叠衣服 sweep the floorsweep the floor 扫地 make your bedmake your bed
