(完整word版)高中物理知识点总结大全(2),推荐文档.pdf
高考总复习知识网络一览表物理高中物理知识点总结大全一、质点的运动(1)-直线运动1)匀变速直线运动1.平均速度 V 平 s/t(定义式)2.有用推论Vt2-Vo2 2as 3.中间时刻速度Vt/2 V 平(Vt+Vo)/2 4.末速度 VtVo+at 5.中间位置速度Vs/2(Vo2+Vt2)/21/2 6.位移 sV 平 tVot+at2/2 Vt/2t 7.加速度 a(Vt-Vo)/t 以 Vo 为正方向,a 与 Vo 同向(加速)a0;反向则aF2)2.互成角度力的合成:F(F12+F22+2F1F2cos)1/2(余弦定理)F1F2 时:F(F12+F22)1/2 3.合力大小范围:|F1-F2|F|F1+F2|4.力的正交分FxFcos,FyFsin (为合力与x 轴之间的夹角tg Fy/Fx)注:(1)力(矢量)的合成与分解遵循平行四边形定则;(2)合力与分力的关系是等效替代关系,可用合力替代分力的共同作用,反之也成立;(3)除公式法外,也可用作图法求解,此时要选择标度,严格作图;(4)F1 与 F2 的值一定时,F1 与 F2 的夹角(角)越大,合力越小;(5)同一直线上力的合成,可沿直线取正方向,用正负号表示力的方向,化简为代数运算.四、动力学(运动和力)1.牛顿第一运动定律(惯性定律):物体具有惯性,总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态,直到有外力迫使它改变这种状态为止2.牛顿第二运动定律:F 合 ma 或 aF 合/ma 由合外力决定,与合外力方向一致 3.牛顿第三运动定律:F-F负号表示方向相反,F、F 各自作用在对方,平衡力与作用力反作用力区别,实际应用:反冲运动 4.共点力的平衡F 合 0,推广正交分解法、三力汇交原理5.超重:FNG,失重:FNr 3.受迫振动频率特点:ff 驱动力4.发生共振条件:f 驱动力 f 固,Amax,共振的防止和应用见第一册P175 5.机械波、横波、纵波见第二册P26.波速 vs/tf/T 波传播过程中,一个周期向前传播一个波长;波速大小由介质本身所决定 7.声波的波速(在空气中)0:332m/s;20:344m/s;30:349m/s;(声波是纵波)8.波发生明显衍射(波绕过障碍物或孔继续传播)条件:障碍物或孔的尺寸比波长小,或者相差不大9.波的干涉条件:两列波频率相同(相差恒定、振幅相近、振动方向相同)10.多普勒效应:由于波源与观测者间的相互运动,导致波源发射频率与接收频率不同相互接近,接收频率增大,反之,减小见第二册P21 注:(1)物体的固有频率与振幅、驱动力频率无关,取决于振动系统本身;文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1(2)加强区是波峰与波峰或波谷与波谷相遇处,减弱区则是波峰与波谷相遇处;(3)波只是传播了振动,介质本身不随波发生迁移,是传递能量的一种方式;(4)干涉与衍射是波特有的;(5)振动图象与波动图象;(6)其它相关内容:超声波及其应用见第二册P22/振动中的能量转化见第一册P173.六、冲量与动量(物体的受力与动量的变化)1.动量:pmv p:动量(kg/s),m:质量(kg),v:速度(m/s),方向与速度方向相同3.冲量:IFt I:冲量(N?s),F:恒力(N),t:力的作用时间(s),方向由 F 决定4.动量定理:Ip 或 Ftmvt mvo p:动量变化p mvt mvo,是矢量式 5.动量守恒定律:p 前总 p 后总或 pp也可以是m1v1+m2v2 m1v1+m2v2 6.弹性碰撞:p 0;Ek0 即系统的动量和动能均守恒 7.非弹性碰撞p 0;00(6)物体的内能是指物体所有的分子动能和分子势能的总和,对于理想气体分子间作用力为零,分子势能为零;(7)r0 为分子处于平衡状态时,分子间的距离;(8)其它相关内容:能的转化和定恒定律见第二册P41/能源的开发与利用、环保见第二册 P47/物体的内能、分子的动能、分子势能见第二册P47.九、气体的性质1.气体的状态参量:温度:宏观上,物体的冷热程度;微观上,物体内部分子无规则运动的剧烈程度的标志,热力学温度与摄氏温度关系:Tt+273 T:热力学温度(K),t:摄氏温度()体积 V:气体分子所能占据的空间,单位换算:1m3 103L 106mL 压强 p:单位面积上,大量气体分子频繁撞击器壁而产生持续、均匀的压力,标准大气压:1atm 1.013 105Pa 76cmHg(1Pa 1N/m2)2.气体分子运动的特点:分子间空隙大;除了碰撞的瞬间外,相互作用力微弱;分子运动速率很大3.理想气体的状态方程:p1V1/T1 p2V2/T2 PV/T 恒量,T 为热力学温度(K)注:(1)理想气体的内能与理想气体的体积无关,与温度和物质的量有关;(2)公式 3 成立条件均为一定质量的理想气体,使用公式时要注意温度的单位,t 为摄氏温度(),而 T 为热力学温度(K).十、电场1.两种电荷、电荷守恒定律、元电荷:(e1.60 10-19C);带电体电荷量等于元电荷的整数倍2.库仑定律:FkQ1Q2/r2(在真空中)F:点电荷间的作用力(N),k:静电力常量k9.0 109N?m2/C2,Q1、Q2:两点电荷的电量(C),r:两点电荷间的距离(m),方向在它们的连线上,作用力与反作用力,同种电荷互相排斥,异种电荷互相吸引文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A13.电场强度:EF/q(定义式、计算式)E:电场强度(N/C),是矢量(电场的叠加原理),q:检验电荷的电量(C)4.真空点(源)电荷形成的电场EkQ/r2 r:源电荷到该位置的距离(m),Q:源电荷的电量5.匀强电场的场强EUAB/d UAB:AB 两点间的电压(V),d:AB两点在场强方向的距离(m)6.电场力:FqE F:电场力(N),q:受到电场力的电荷的电量(C),E:电场强度(N/C)7.电势与电势差:UAB A-B,UABWAB/q-EAB/q8.电场力做功:WAB qUAB Eqd WAB:带电体由A 到 B 时电场力所做的功(J),q:带电量(C),UAB:电场中 A、B 两点间的电势差(V)(电场力做功与路径无关),E:匀强电场强度,d:两点沿场强方向的距离(m)9.电势能:EAqA EA:带电体在 A 点的电势能(J),q:电量(C),A:A点的电势(V)10.电势能的变化EABEB-EA 带电体在电场中从A 位置到 B 位置时电势能的差值11.电场力做功与电势能变化EAB-WAB-qUAB(电势能的增量等于电场力做功的负值)12.电容 CQ/U(定义式,计算式)C:电容(F),Q:电量(C),U:电压(两极板电势差)(V)13.平行板电容器的电容CS/4kd(S:两极板正对面积,d:两极板间的垂直距离,:介电常数)常见电容器见第二册P111 14.带电粒子在电场中的加速(Vo0):WEK或 qUmVt2/2,Vt(2qU/m)1/2 15.带电粒子沿垂直电场方向以速度Vo 进入匀强电场时的偏转(不考虑重力作用的情况下)类平 垂直电场方向:匀速直线运动LVot(在带等量异种电荷的平行极板中:EU/d)抛运动平行电场方向:初速度为零的匀加速直线运动dat2/2,a F/m qE/m 注:(1)两个完全相同的带电金属小球接触时,电量分配规律:原带异种电荷的先中和后平分,原带同种电荷的总量平分;(2)电场线从正电荷出发终止于负电荷,电场线不相交,切线方向为场强方向,电场线密处场强大,顺着电场线电势越来越低,电场线与等势线垂直;(3)常见电场的电场线分布要求熟记见图第二册 P98;(4)电场强度(矢量)与电势(标量)均由电场本身决定,而电场力与电势能还与带电体带的电量多少和电荷正负有关;(5)处于静电平衡导体是个等势体,表面是个等势面,导体外表面附近的电场线垂直于导体表面,导体内部合场强为零,导体内部没有净电荷,净电荷只分布于导体外表面;(6)电容单位换算:1F 106F1012PF;(7)电子伏(eV)是能量的单位,1eV 1.60 10-19J;(8)其它相关内容:静电屏蔽见第二册P101/示波管、示波器及其应用见第二册P文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1114等势面见第二册P105.十一、恒定电流1.电流强度:Iq/t I:电流强度(A),q:在时间 t 内通过导体横载面的电量(C),t:时间(s)2.欧姆定律:IU/R I:导体电流强度(A),U:导体两端电压(V),R:导体阻值()3.电阻、电阻定律:R L/S:电阻率(?m),L:导体的长度(m),S:导体横截面积(m2)4.闭合电路欧姆定律:IE/(r+R)或 EIr+IR 也可以是EU 内+U 外I:电路中的总电流(A),E:电源电动势(V),R:外电路电阻(),r:电源内阻()5.电功与电功率:WUIt,P UI W:电功(J),U:电压(V),I:电流(A),t:时间(s),P:电功率(W)6.焦耳定律:QI2Rt Q:电热(J),I:通过导体的电流(A),R:导体的电阻值(),t:通电时间(s)7.纯电阻电路中:由于 IU/R,W Q,因此 WQUItI2RtU2t/R 8.电源总动率、电源输出功率、电源效率:P 总 IE,P 出 IU,P 出/P 总 I:电路总电流(A),E:电源电动势(V),U:路端电压(V),:电源效率9.电路的串/并联串联电路(P、U 与 R 成正比)并联电路(P、I 与 R 成反比)电阻关系(串同并反)R 串 R1+R2+R3+1/R 并 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+电流关系I 总 I1I2I3 I 并 I1+I2+I3+电压关系U 总 U1+U2+U3+U 总 U1U2 U3 功率分配P 总 P1+P2+P3+P 总 P1+P2+P3+10.欧姆表测电阻(1)电路组成(2)测量原理两表笔短接后,调节 Ro 使电表指针满偏,得IgE/(r+Rg+Ro)接入被测电阻Rx 后通过电表的电流为Ix E/(r+Rg+Ro+Rx)E/(R 中+Rx)由于 Ix 与 Rx 对应,因此可指示被测电阻大小(3)使用方法:机械调零、选择量程、欧姆调零、测量读数注意挡位(倍率)、拨 off 挡.(4)注意:测量电阻时,要与原电路断开,选择量程使指针在中央附近,每次换挡要重新短接欧姆调零.11.伏安法测电阻电流表内接法:电流表外接法:电压表示数:UUR+UA 电流表示数:IIR+IV Rx 的测量值 U/I(UA+UR)/IR RA+RxR真 Rx 的测量值 U/IUR/(IR+IV)RVRx/(RV+R)RA 或 Rx(RARV)1/2 选用电路条件Rx 分享文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1高中物理知识点大全一、质点的运动(1)-直线运动1)匀变速直线运动1.平均速度V 平 s/t(定义式)2.有用推论Vt2-Vo2 2as 3.中间时刻速度Vt/2 V 平(Vt+Vo)/2 4.末速度 VtVo+at 5.中间位置速度Vs/2(Vo2+Vt2)/21/2 6.位移 sV 平 tVot+at2/2 Vt/2t 7.加速度 a(Vt-Vo)/t 以 Vo 为正方向,a 与 Vo 同向(加速)a0;反向则aF2)2.互成角度力的合成:F(F12+F22+2F1F2cos)1/2(余弦定理)F1 F2 时:F(F12+F22)1/2 3.合力大小范围:|F1-F2|F|F1+F2|4.力的正交分解:FxFcos,FyFsin (为合力与x 轴之间的夹角tg Fy/Fx)注:(1)力(矢量)的合成与分解遵循平行四边形定则;(2)合力与分力的关系是等效替代关系,可用合力替代分力的共同作用,反之也成立;(3)除公式法外,也可用作图法求解,此时要选择标度,严格作图;(4)F1 与 F2 的值一定时,F1 与 F2 的夹角(角)越大,合力越小;(5)同一直线上力的合成,可沿直线取正方向,用正负号表示力的方向,化简为代数运算。四、动力学(运动和力)文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A1文档编码:CC6D3F2D1Z1 HW8C6V4N1Y7 ZK5O1B2L3A11.牛顿第一运动定律(惯性定律):物体具有惯性,总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态,直到有外力迫使它改变这种状态为止2.牛顿第二运动定律:F 合 ma 或 aF 合/ma由合外力决定,与合外力方向一致 3.牛顿第三运动定律:F-F负号表示方向相反,F、F 各自作用在对方,平衡力与作用力反作用力区别,实际应用:反冲运动 4.共点力的平衡F 合 0,推广正交分解法、三力汇交原理5.超重:FNG,失重:FNG 加速度方向向下,均失重,加速度方向向上,均超重 6.牛顿运动定律的适用条件:适用于解决低速运动问题,适用于宏观物体,不适用于处理高速问题,不适用于微观粒子见第一册P67 注:平衡状态是指物体处于静止或匀速直线状态,或者是匀速转动。五、振动和波(机械振动 与机械振动 的传播)1.简谐振动F-kx F:回复力,k:比例系数,x:位移,负号表示F 的方向与x 始终反向 2.单摆周期T2(l/g)1/2 l:摆长(m),g:当地重力加速度值,成立条件:摆角 r3.受迫振动频率特点:ff 驱动力4.发生共振条件:f 驱动力 f 固,Amax,共振的防止和应用见第一册P175 5.机械波、横波、纵波见第二册P26.波速 v s/tf/T 波传播