(完整word版)基于PLC的锅炉温度控制系统的设计-开题报告1.pdf

华 北 科 技 学 院2011 届本科毕业设计（论文）开题报告1.设计背景或研究意义电热锅炉的应用领域相当广泛，电热锅炉的性能优劣决定了产品的质量好坏。目前电热锅炉的控制系统大都采用以微处理器为核心的计算机控制技术，既提高设备的自动化程度又提高设备的控制精度。PLC的快速发展发生在上世纪80年代至 90年代中期。在这时期，PLC在处理模拟量能力、数字运算能力、人机接口能力和网络能力得到了很大的提高和发展。PLC逐渐进入过程控制领域，在某些应用上取代了在过程控制领域处于统治地位的DCS系统。PLC具有通用性强、使用方便、适应面广、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、编程简单等特点。4电热锅炉是机电一体化的产品，可将电能直接转化成热能，具有效率高，体积小，无污染，运行安全可靠，供热稳定，自动化程度高的优点，是理想的节能环保的供暖设备。加上目前人们的环保意识的提高，电热锅炉越来越受人们的重视，在工业生产和民用生活用水中应用越来越普及。电热锅炉目前主要用于供暖和提供生活用水。主要是控制水的温度，保证恒温供水。PID控制是迄今为止最通用的控制方法之一。因为其可靠性高、算法简单、鲁棒性好，所以被广泛应用于过程控制中,尤其适用于可建立精确数学模型的确定性系统。PID控制的效果完全取决于其四个参数,即采样周期 ts、比例系数 Kp、积分系数 Ki、微分系数 Kd。因而,PID 参数的整定与优化一直是自动控制领域研究的重要课题。PID 在工业过程控制中的应用已有近百年的历史，在此期间虽然有许多控制算法问世,但由于 PID算法以它自身的特点，再加上人们在长期使用中积累了丰富经验，使之在工业控制中得到广泛应用。在PID 算法中，针对 P、I、D三个参数的整定和优化的问题成为关键问题。文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 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PLC梯形图编程语言进行编程，实现锅炉温度的自动控制。可编程逻辑控制器（PLC)是集计算机技术、自动控制技术和通信技术为一体的新型自动控制装置。其性能优越，已被广泛的应用于工业控制的各个领域，并已经成为工业自动化的三大支柱（PLC、工业机器人、CAD/CAM）之一。PLC技术在温度监控系统上的应用从整体上分析和研究了控制系统的硬件配置、电路图的设计、程序设计，控制对象数学模型的建立、控制算法的选择和参数的整定、人机界面的设计等。论文通过对德国西门子公司的S7-200 系列 PLC控制器，温度传感器将检测到的实际炉温转化为电压信号，经过模拟量输入模块转换成数字信号送到PLC中进行 PID 调节，PID 控制器输出转化为0-10mA的电流信号输入控制可控硅电压调整器或触发板改变可控硅管导通角的大小来调节输出功率。对于监控画面，利用亚控公司的组态软件“组态王“串级系统是由调节器串联起来工作，其中一个调节器的输出作为另一个调节器的给定值的系统。整个系统包括两个控制回路，主回路和副回路。副回路由副变量检测变送、副调节器、调节阀和副过程构成；主回路由主变量检测变送、主调节器、副调节器、调节阀、副过程和主过程构成。一次扰动：作用在主被控过程上的，而不包括在副回路范围内的扰动。二次扰动：作用在副被控过程上的，即包括在副回路范围内的扰动。在串级控制系统中，由于引入了一个副回路，不仅能及早克服进入副回路的扰动，而且又能改善过程特性。副调节器具有“粗调”的作用，主调节器具有“细调”的作用，从而使其控制品质得到进一步提高。1 文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 HP1Y9W1N2L6 ZO8Y9Q6T7S6文档编码:CO9G4T1B4L6 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