(完整word版)水力学综合测试题5.pdf

综合测试题五一、名词解释（12 分，每题 3 分）1、临界水深；2、过流断面；3、水跌；4、有压长管：二、填空题（20 分，每空 2 分）1.某点的真空度为65000 Pa，当地大气压为100kpa，则该点的绝对压强为。2.变直径管，直径d1=320mm，d2=160mm，流速 v1=1.5m/s，v2=。3.流 体 的 均 匀 流 与 非 均 匀 流 的 区 别 在 于；而 恒 定 流 与 非 恒 定 流 的 区 别 在于。4.根据尼古拉兹实验结果，可以把紊流分为、和三个区。5.管嘴的工作条件是，和。6.设管道的直径为d，半满流的水力半径R=。三、选择题（10 分，每题 1 分）1.金属压力表的读数是（）A.绝对压强B.相对压强C.相对压强加当地大气压D.绝对压强加当地大气压2.绝对压强 pabs与相对压强p、真空度 pv、当地大气压强pa之间的关系为（）A.pabs=p+pvB.p=pabs+paC.pv=pa-pabsD.p=pa+pv3.伯努利方程中表示（）A.单位体积流体具有的机械能B.单位质量流体具有的机械能C.单位重量流体具有的机械能D.通过过流断面流体的总机械能4.黏性流体测压管水头线沿程的变化（）A.沿程下降B.沿程上升C.保持水平D.前三种情况有可能5.速度 V、长度 L、重力加速度g 的无量纲集合是（）A.VL/g B.V/gL C.L/gV D.V2/gL 6.雷诺数的物理意义表示（）A黏滞力与重力之比B.重力与惯性力之比C.惯性力与黏滞力之比D.压力与黏滞力之比7.圆管紊流过渡区的沿程摩阻系数（）A.与雷诺数 Re 有关B.与管壁相对粗糙Ks/d 有关C.与 Re 和 Ks/d 有关D.与 Re 和管长 L 有关8.比较在正常工作条件下，作用水头H，直径 d 相等，小孔口的流量Q 和圆柱形外管嘴的流量Qn（）A.Q QnB.Q QnC.Q=QnD.不定9.明渠水流由急流过渡到缓流时发生（）A.水跃B.水跌C.连续过渡D.都可能10.明渠均匀流只能出现在（）A.平坡棱柱形渠道B.顺坡棱柱形渠道C.逆坡棱柱形渠道D.天然河道四、作图题（8 分，每题 4 分）1.定性绘出如图4-1 中 ABC 面上的压力体图。2.定性绘出如图4-2 中的管道 abcd 段上以管道轴线为基准面的总水头线和测压管水头线。图 4-1 图 4-2 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所示，一铅直矩形闸门，已知h1=1m，h2=2m，宽b=1.5m，求作用于 AB 闸门上的总压力及其作用点。图 5-1 2.如图 5-2 所示流速由v1变为 v2的突然扩大管中，如果中间加一中等粗细管段使形成两次突然扩大，略去局部阻力的相互干扰，即用叠加方法。试求：（1）中间管中流速为何值时，总的局部水头损失最小；（2）计算总的局部水头损失，并与一次扩大时相比较。图 5-2 3.如图 5-3 所示有一高度为50mm，速度v为 18m/s 的单宽射流水股，冲击在边长为1.2m 的光滑平板上，射流沿平板表面分成两股。已知板与水流方向的夹角为30 度,平板末端为铰点.若忽略水流、空气和平板的摩阻，且流动在同一水平面上，求：（1）流量分配Q1和Q2；（2）设射流冲击点位于平板形心，若平板自重可忽略，A端应施加多大的垂直力P，才能保持平板的平衡，图5-4。文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 HW7C1I8V3Q7 ZZ6B6P2C7F2文档编码:CX2V2V5V9J2 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