03影像本科《医学影像检查技术学》试题B答案.pdf

20062007 学年第一学期2003 级医学影像本科医学影像检查技术学试卷(B)答案题号一二三四总分统分人复核人得分一、概念解释（每小题2 分，共 20 分）1.contrast examination 采用人工的方法，将某种物质引入体内，改变组织和器官与邻近组织的对比度，以显示其形态和功能的检查方法，称为造影检查。2.thin slice scanning 薄层扫描：层厚小于或等于5mm 的扫描。3.声像图B 型(brightness mode)超声检查法，系以不同亮度的点状回声反应界面回声强弱，并以断面图像方式显示出来，属辉度(brightness)调制型，简称 B型，所形成的回声图像称声像图4.multiple planar reformation,MPR 多层面重组是在断层扫描的基础上对某些或全部扫描层面进行各种方向范围的重组，得到冠状面、矢状面、斜面或任意面的二维图像。5.window width of CT CT图像上所显示的结构的CT值范围的大小。6.target scanning 靶扫描是指用小的视野，用原始数据对感兴趣区进行重建扫描的方法。7.signal to noise ratio 得分阅卷人信噪比图像信噪比是指图像中的信号能量与噪声能量之比。8.MR angiography MR 血管成像是利用时间飞越法、相位对比法和对比剂增强血管成像技术。9.ultrasonography 超声检查技术是利用超声波在人体内各种组织中传播并反射时的回声（echo）不同，而形成声像图的一种检查方法。10.pulse sequence of MRI 脉冲序列是指具有一定带宽、一定幅度的射频脉冲与梯度脉冲组成的脉冲程序。二、填空题（每空1 分，共 20 分）1.在磁共振成像序列中，SE序列是是以 90 RF激励脉冲开始，继而施加一次或多次 180 相位重聚脉冲，产生回波信号。短TR 和短 TE 产生加权像，长 TR和长 TE产生 T2 加权像。EPI 成像是最快的。2.多层螺旋 CT的技术特点是：宽探测器结构；先进的旋转方式；大容量 X线球管；X 线束为锥形束；同层厚时 X线剂量减少；大容量高速计算机处理能力。2.CTA的常用成像方法是最大密度投影、表面遮盖显示。MRA 的成像方法有时间飞跃、相位对比、对比增强等。3.B 超检查的检查方式包括：连续平行检查法；立体扇形检查法；追踪检查法；十字交叉检查法。得分阅卷人文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5三、判断题（每题 2 分，共 10 分。在题后的括号内填上答案，认为正确者，添“”；认为错误者，添“”）1.MRI 的空间分辨力越高，其图像信噪比越高。（）2.Gd-DTPA 是 MRI的细胞内液对比剂。（）3.根据 CTVE 的图像结果可以诊断所有胃肠道的病变。（）4.MRA可以检查出大部分血管异常，尤其显示小血管比CT好。（）5.在诊断影像质量管理中，出现意外问题时，采用常规的管理方法。（）四、简答题（每题10 分，共 50 分）1.有机碘制对比剂的过敏反应的临床表现。碘过敏反应分为四级：一般反应为头疼、恶心、呕吐、荨麻疹等。轻度反应为喷嚏、流泪、结膜充血、面部红肿。中度反应为面色苍白、呕吐、出汗、气促、胸闷、眩晕、喉干痒等。重度反应为呼吸困难、意识不清、休克、心率不齐、心跳骤停。2.脑的 CT 普通检查方法（说明病人体位、扫描层厚层距、图像显示的窗口技术）。横断层面扫描扫描的基线有听眦线或称眶耳线（orbitomeatal line;OML），即眼外眦与外耳道口的连线。还有瑞氏线（Reid line;RL）或称听眶下线，即眶下缘与外耳道口的连线。听眶上线或称眉听线，即眉弓上缘的中点与外耳道口的连线。三种基线中以OML 最常用。扫描时病人常规取仰卧位，下颌内收，头先进。体表定位时，扫描机架上的指示灯的定位线与OML 平行，以此为基线。得分阅卷人得分阅卷人文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5要求头部两侧基本摆平，目的是使每层图像两侧对称，准确地反映该层面的解剖结构，有利于病变的发现和两侧结构的对比。扫描时从基线开始以层厚810mm，层距 810mm连续由下至上逐层扫描，直至脑实质全部扫完为止。头顶是癫痫病灶的好发部位，注意不要漏扫。欲观察后颅窝及桥小脑角的病变，扫描层面则与 OML 的耳端成 1520角。扫描发现较小病变时，可在病变区域作重叠扫描或加作薄层扫描。病变位于颅底部的加作图像堆积扫描，以减少颅底骨质引起的伪影。横断层面图像窗宽80100Hu，窗位3540Hu；冠状层面图像窗宽取120140Hu，窗位 40Hu 左右；对脑外伤及可疑颅骨受损病人，常规加摄骨窗片，窗宽 1400Hu，窗位 400Hu；对兴趣区可局部放大显示；脑池造影CT 图像窗宽 2002000Hu，窗位 250400Hu。3.腰椎间盘的 MRI检查平扫方法（线圈、体位、序列、成像平面选择）三、脊柱及脊髓 MRI成像技术1线圈一般采用胸腰表面线圈。2体位腰椎与腰髓病人仰卧。应使髂嵴（第四腰椎水平）位于胸腰线圈的中部，横断面定位光标应正对髂嵴水平或其稍上方，即线圈中心部位。如使用表面线圈时，应使线圈尽可能与病人背部相贴。成像序列：常规选用SE、FSE、GRE 序列，STIR序列也较常用。可选用预饱和、外周门控、流动补偿、去相位包裹等功能。先做矢状平面图像，确定扫描平面与腰椎间盘平行。4.B型超声的观察内容二维超声检查是通过获得切面图像完成的。不同组织和病变有不同的回声特征，通过对这些特征的分析达到诊断目的。1）外形：通过对脏器或病变的形态分析，判定脏器的肿大或缩小以及病变的性质。文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J52）边缘回声：边缘(margin)回声以其被膜结构不同而显示不同的特点。3）内部回声：每个器官都有其固有的内部回声(internal echo)规律，其回声规律改变时，则预示着有病变的存在，而通过对这些内部回声的分析，可对不同的病变做出诊断。4）后方回声：不同的器官或病变有不同的声衰减特性，导致其后方组织内具有不同量的声能。5）毗邻关系：正常体内脏器都处在一定的位置上，并且和一定的组织器官相邻。正常位置和毗邻关系的辨认是确定病变来源的基础。6）活动度、活动规律：正常器官有一定的活动规律，如心壁的收缩、舒张，瓣膜的开放、关闭，胃肠道及输尿管的蠕动，血管的搏动及胎儿活动等。在有病变时，可导致异常活动的出现。7）功能状况：超声显像可对某些以形态来反应功能状态的器官做出功能状况评价。如心脏、胆囊、膀胱、胃等器官可以通过显示其大小、活动规律、动态变化等来观察其功能改变。5.静脉肾盂造影的操作过程。造影方法：病人仰卧于检查床正中，置两个椭圆形压迫器于脐两旁，相当于输尿管经过处，用连以血压计的气袋覆盖其上，然后束紧压迫带，压阻两侧输尿管通路，使气袋充气，加压至80mmHg100mmHg，最高不得超过病人的动脉压，否则造影时间延长时，病人难以忍受，并可引起股动脉缺血。一般以能压迫输尿管使对比剂停留于肾盂、肾盏内为度。腹部不宜加压时，可放低病人头部，骨盆抬高1015。经肘部静脉快速注入对比剂20ml。1min 内注完，使血液中对比剂浓度迅速升高，显影效果良好。注射完毕后57min 摄第一片，即刻冲洗胶片，以观察摄影位置、条件以及肾盂、肾盏显影情况。15min 摄第二片，30min 摄第三片。如一侧肾盂、肾盏显影不佳，应延长摄片时间。肾盂积水按常规时间摄片不显影时，可在数文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 HY10F9I4U9O10 ZX10G2A7B5J5文档编码:CQ2Q3X5N5G9 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