人教版英语八年级下册第一单元知识点.docx

人教版英语八年级下册第一单元知识点Unit 1 Whats the matter?【单词】matter问题; 事情/'mæt / n.Whats the matter（with sb.）?怎么啦？出什么事情了？询问有什么病或遇到什么麻烦、问题疼痛的,酸痛的；恼怒的 -have a sore back 后背痛 -sore throat 咽喉痛sore/s:/ adj.溃疡，痛处；恨事n.pressure sore 褥疮， sore spot 伤疤，痛处；伤心事，旧疮疤stomachache胃痛; 腹痛'stm kek n.stomach胃; 腹部/'stm k/ n.foot脚; 足feetpl./ft/ n.- on foot 步行；在进行中 - at the foot of 在（山）脚下；在的下部neck颈; 脖子/nek/ n.-necklace 项链- necktie 领带-neck and neck (with sb.) (与)并驾齐驱，不分上下throat咽喉; 喉咙t/ n./rfever发烧/'fi:v / n.have a fever 发烧lie躺, 平躺；位于，存在 lie down 躺下/la/ - vi.说谎，-vi.作为不及物动词的变化：p.pr -lying，pt- lied，pplied下蛋；放置-vt.e.g., The hen stopped laying eggs. She laid the baby down gently on the bed.作为及物动词是的变化：p.pr -laying，pt- lay，pplainrest放松; 休息v.& n.coughX-ray咳嗽n.& v.X 射线; X 光n.toothachetemperature 温度，体温 take one' s temperature 量体温headache 头痛break牙痛/'tu:ek/ n./'hedek/ n.间歇; 休息/brek/ n.take breaks (take a break) 休息vi. vt. pt- broke，ppbroken-break away (from) 脱离，放弃（习惯），打破（陈套）-break down (机器等)坏了；(计划等)失败； (健康等)变坏；感情失去控制-break in 插嘴，使驯服-break into 破门而入，突然。起来-break off 折断，突然停止讲话，解除（婚约）-break out（战争，火灾，疾病）突然发生，爆发hurt /h:t/ v.（使）疼痛; （使）受伤p.pr - hurting，pt- hurt，pphurtpassengeroff adv.& prep.离开（某处）; 不工作; 从.去掉 get off 下车onto 向; 朝乘客; 旅客/'pæsnd / n./'nt/ prep.初中英语 enough 'nf-足够的/地，充足的/地adj. adv.用作 adj.，修饰名词，可前可后- 用作 adv.，修饰形容词或副词，要后置enough waterold enough- enough + for sb./sth+ to do sth. 足够，能做trouble问题; 苦恼pl. troubles/'trbl/ n.-in trouble 在监禁中；处于不幸中；处困难中-get into trouble 使自己或他人陷入困扰之境-have trouble(with / doing sth. ) 在.有困难hit(hit) （用手或器具）击; 打/ht/ v.p.pr - hitting，pt- hit，pphitherself /h:'self/ pron.(she 的反身代词) 她自己ourselvesbandage(we 的反身代词) 我们自己/'a'selvz/ pron.绷带 用绷带包扎v./'bændd/ n.sick生病的; 有病的/sk/ adj.knee膝; 膝盖/ni:/ n.nosebleed鼻出血/'nozbli:d/ n.bleed使出血；榨取流血；渗出；悲痛vi.blid vt.p.pr - bleeding，pt- bled bld，ppbledbled adj. 流血的；breathe呼吸/bri:ð/ v.p.pr - breathing，pt- breathed，ppbreathedbreath呼吸，气息br n.-deep breath 深呼吸-take a deep breath 深呼吸-out of breath 喘不过气来，上气不接下气sunburnedclimber晒伤的adj.登山者; 攀登者危险; 风险; 冒险 -take risks (take a risk) 冒险'klam n.riskaccidentn. & v.（交通）事故; 意外遭遇/'æksdnt/ n.- traffic accident 交通事故- by accident 偶然；意外地- car accident 车祸；交通事故situation情况; 状况/'stj'en/ n.kilo (=kilogram)千克; 公斤 kg 千克 km=kilometer 千米n.rock岩石/rk/ n.knifebloodmean刀knivespl./naf/ n.血/bld/ n.(meant) 意思是; 打算; 意欲/mi:n/ v.p.pr - meaning，pt- meant，ppmeantimportance重要性; 重要/m'p:tns/ n.decision决定; 抉择/d'sn/ n.control 限制; 约束; 管理; 控制 be in control of 掌管; 管理v.p.pr - controlling，pt- controlled，pp- controlled初中英语 advicedva s 不可数名词.- give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；- take sbs advice 接受某人的建议advise d'vaz v.-advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事,此动词不定式作宾语补足语。- advise doing sth 建议做某事相似用法的动词：allow(允许)，permit(允许)，forbid(禁止)等allow doing sth 允许做某事，allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事；permit doing sth 允许做某事，permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事；forbid doing sth 禁止做某事，forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事。eg.We dont allow smoking in the lab. 我们不准在实验室吸烟。We dont allow people to smoke in the lab. 我们不准人们在实验室吸烟。People are not allowed to smoke in the lab. 人们不准在实验室吸烟。spiritdeathnurseJudy勇气; 意志; 精神; 酒精/'sprt/ n.死; 死亡/de/ n./n:s/ n./'du:d/'næns/护士朱迪 （女名）Nancy南希 （女名）Mandy曼迪 （女名）/'mænde/Aron阿伦·罗尔斯顿犹他州（美国）/'e r n/Utah/'ju:t:/【动词短语】have a sore back 后背痛have a stomachache 胃痛、肚子痛have a very sore throat 喉咙非常痛have a fever 发高烧feel very hot 感到很热have / catch a cold 受凉;感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a toothache 牙疼talk too much 说得太多drink enough water 喝足够的水cut myself 划伤自己hurt oneself 伤着自己have a nosebleed 流鼻血have a rest/take breaks/take a break 休息一下a sick man 一个生病的人feel sick 感到恶心初中英语 have a heart problem 有心脏病on the side of the road 在马路边, 在公路的一侧go along 沿着走because of 由于get out of 离开; 从出来mountain climbing 登山运动in a difficult situation 在困境中save a life, save ones life 挽救生命shout for help 大声求救see a dentist = go to a dentist 看牙医see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生drink enough water 喝足够的水lie down and rest 躺下来休息run it under water 在水下冲，用水冲get off 下车get on the bus 上公交车catch the bus 赶公交车get out of 从出来get over( 克服)get on/ along well with sb. 和某人相处得好，get back 取回hot tea with honey 带蜂蜜的热茶get an X-ray 拍 X 光put some medicine on it 敷一些药put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎take breaks away from 远离休息without moving 没有移动in the same way 以同样的方式run out of 用完sth. run out. 某物用尽了。sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。eg. His water run out.He run out of all his money last night.be interested in = have /take an interest in 对感兴趣places of interest 名胜lost interest in 失去兴趣in a very dangerous situation 处于非常危险的境地take a risk = take risks 冒险risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事make decisions 做决定初中英语 = make a decision= make up ones mind= decide to do sthA be in control of BA 管理或控制 BA be in the control of B A 在 B 的控制之中或者 A 受制于 Bbe out of control 无法控制，无法管理be under control 被控制住，在控制之下give up 放弃give up (doing) sth.=stop doing sth放弃（做）某事，eg. give up (playing) computer games；give in 屈服give out 分发think about 考虑think about saving a life考虑挽救生命right away 立刻、马上= at once, right nowon foot 步行the importance of . .的重要性keep on doing sth 一直持续做. 坚持做某事keep sth + adj 保持某物某种状态cut off 切断cut up 切碎cut down 砍倒be used to sth.习惯于、适应 强调状态；-be / get used to doing sth.习惯于、适应- become used to sth./ doing sth.变得习惯，逐渐适应 强调过程：His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.Its difficult to get used to anothercountrys habit.used to do sth过去常常做. (现在不了)be used to do sth(物)被用来做.(物)= be used for doing sthbe ready to do sth 乐意做， 准备好做be ready for 为.做好准备a few days = several days 几天put on 穿上take off 脱下fall down = fall over 摔倒fall down from = fall off 从上摔/掉下来fall in love with 爱上.fall asleep 熟睡fall behind 落后初中英语 clean your face 洗你的脸get hit on the head 撞击头部get sunburned 晒伤put your head back 把你的头后仰thanks to= with the help of 多亏了的帮助= because of 由于，因为wait for the bus 等公共汽车to sbs surprise 令吃惊的是，出乎的意料的是to sbs +表感情色彩名词 “令某人的是”to sbs joy 令高兴的是to sbs disappointment令失望的是to sbs satisfaction 令满意的是to ones surprise 令某人惊奇的是in surprise 惊奇地be surprised to do sth 对做感到吃惊be surprised at sth 对.感到惊奇expect sb to do sth= wish sb to do sth 期待做.in time 及时on time 准时see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做see sb do sth 看到某人做某事的过程have problems（in）breathing 呼吸困难= have difficulty / trouble（in）breathinghave difficulty / trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有问题/ 困难have a serious accident 一次严重的事故all weekend 整个周末agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree to sth. 同意某事agree with sb 同意某人.agree on 就达成一致意见take ones temperature 量体温feel like doing sth 想要.an eight-year-old girl 一个八岁的女孩a movie called Kong Fu Panda 一部叫工夫熊猫的电影so that 以便于so. . . that 如此 以至于several knives (knife-knives) 几把刀初中英语 how to do sth 如何做put a bandage on the cut 用绷带把伤口缠好get into trouble 陷入麻烦中，处于困境= be in troublemake trouble 制造麻烦have trouble / difficulties (in) doing sth 做某事有困难get into 陷入mean to do sth 打算做某事, 企图mean doing sth 意味着做某事the meaning of. 的意义What does . mean? = Whats the meaning of .的意思是 .the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性mind doing sth 介意做eg. Would you mind my opening the window?stay healthy = keep healthy 保持健康be in good health 处于良好的健康状态without thinking twice 没有多加考虑need to do sth 需要做某事the same as. 和一样find sb do sth 发现做了某事find sb doing sth 发现正在做某事find it + adj + to do sth 发现做某事是的be different from 与.不同had better do sth 最好做某事had better not do sth 最好不做某事such a difficult problem 如此难的问题so fast / so quickly 如此快so happy 如此高兴eg. find it difficult / hard to do sthhelp oneself to 请随意.enjoy oneself 玩得开心by oneself 独立地take the old man to hospital 带老人去医院move the man onto the bus 把人移到车上tell of 讲述tell stories 讲故事tell lies 说谎one of the exciting things 令人兴奋的事情之一one of the + 形容词 + 名词复数初中英语 on that day 具体的某一天his own life 他自己的生命【知识点解读】1.询问某人的健康问题或遇到什么麻烦、问题时的表达：其后跟询问对象时，与介词 with 连用Whats the matter (with sb.) ?Whats the trouble (with sb.) ? = Whats ones trouble?Whats wrong (with sb.) ?Is there anything wrong (with sb.) ?Whats up ?What happened (to sb.) ?How are you feeling now?Are you OK ?Are you feeling better today?2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:某人 +have/has+病症.某人 +have/has+a+headache（toothache，stomachache, backache, earache）.eg. The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。have a fever 发烧have a headache 患头痛have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒have a stomachache 患胃痛have a toothache 患牙痛have a backache 患背痛have the flu = get the flu 患流感某人 +have/has+a+sore+发病部位.have a sore throat 患喉咙痛have a sore back 患背痛某人 +hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词.He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。My head hurts badly.我头痛得厉害。某部位 +hurt(s).某人 +have/has+a pain+in one s+身体部位, I have a pain in my chest.我胸口痛。(There is) something wrong with one s+身体部位.eg. There is something wrong with my right eye. .我的右眼有毛病。其他表达方式She has a heart trouble.她有心脏病。He got hit on the head 他头部受到了撞击。She cut her finger.她割破手指了。3. 情态动词 should “应该;应当”的用法:-否定式为 shouldn t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。-常用来征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。You should drink hot water with honey.。 You shouldn t watch TV.-用于主语为第一人称的疑问句, 表示征询意见。Should I put some medicine on it?Should we tell her about it?初中英语 【拓展】其他表示建议的结构: Would you like (to do) sth.?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗?Would you like to play basketball with me? Shall I/we do sth ?我/我们做好吗?Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? Why not do sth ?为什么不呢?Why not join us? How/What about doing sth ?How about going swimming? Let s do sth 让我们做吧。Let s go home. You d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You d better not go there alone.4. 反身代词的用法：myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves跟主语一致：The child can dress himself. (作宾语)Mrs. Black herself is a teacher. (作同位语)Just be yourself. (作表语)固定短语：teach oneself sth (自学)help oneself to sth（随便吃什么）say to oneself（自言自语）introduce oneself (自我介绍)Dont talk too much.learn sth by oneself （自学）enjoy oneself （玩的开心）5. too much + 不可数名词 “太多”；动词+ too muchtoo many+ 可数名词 “太多”much too + 形容词或副词 “太”，表程度Hes much too fat for his age.6. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情态动词+be 的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.7. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.8. need 需要，实义动词-need+名词，需要某物；-need to do sth. 需 要 做 某 事 ， 主 语 通 常 是 人 ， 表 示 人 主 动 的 动 作 ：You need to listen carefully during class.-need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.-neednt = dont have to 没有必要mustnt 不准-must , need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用 must.否定回答用 neednt 或 dont have toMust I finish my homework now?初中英语 No, you neednt. You can go home now.9. see sb do sth / see sb doing sth感官动词的用法，看见某人做过某事用原形，看见某人正在做某事用现在分词这样的词语有：hear, listen to ,look at, watch ,feel, find10. hurt -及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.-不及物动词，（部位）疼。His leg hurt badly.11. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.- hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；- hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。12. sick /ill adj. 生病的-sick adj.“生病的”，既可放 be (系动词)后作表语，也可放 n.前作定语。be sick of “讨厌；厌恶”feel sick 生病；不舒服sick person = patient 病人-ill adj.“生病的”，只能放 be (系动词)后作表语， ill illness n.“病；疾病”be ill in hospital 生病13. so that-引导目的状语从句，“以致，为了，以便于”；-可以和 in order that ,in order to ,so as to 进行替换I got up very early this morning so that I could catch the early train=I got up very early this morning in order that I could catch the early train.= I got up very early this morning in order to catch the early train.=I got up very early this morning so as to catch the early train.14so.that-引导结果状语从句“如此以致于”-常用句型：主+谓+so+adj./ adv.+that 从句主+谓+so + adj ( a/an + n) that 从句 He is so cute (a boy) that we all like him.=such + a/an + adj + 名词单数+ that -从句He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.-若从句主语与主句主语一致，否定句中可与 too.to., not.enough to.进行互换。This problem is so difficult that I can''t work it out.=This problem is too difficult for me to work out.He is so young that he can''t go to school.=He is too young to go to school.=He isnt old enough to go to school.【知识点补充】：fall（落下）fell, fallen, fallinghit hit, hit, hittingfeel（感觉）felt, felt, feelinghurthurt, hurt, hurtingstop-stopped, stopped 或 stopt, stopt, stopping初中英语 wake（醒来，叫醒）-woke, woken, wakingflyflew, flown, flying pl. fliesdie died, died, dyingdead adj. 无生命的； n. 死者 dying adj. 临终的，垂死的death n. 死；死亡；kilokilosfootfeetstomach stomachstoothteeth2.常见的需要双写末尾字母的现在分词形式：letlettingsitsittinghithittinggetgettingforgetforgettingsetsettingbabysitbabysitting putputtingshopshopping stopstoppingdropdroppingrunrunningtriptrippingbeginbeginningkidkiddingtraveltravel(l)ing swimswimmingdigdiggingcutcutting【重点句子】preferpreferringplanplanningI dont feel well. =Im not feeling well.2. Did you hurt yourself playing soccer?3. He doesnt mind taking risks.4. He was not ready to die that day.5. He had problems learning English.6. Linda ran out of money. /Her money ran out.7. He used his knife to cut off half his right arm./ The knife is used to cut things.Her mother is used to cooking dinner for family. /His father used to be a teacher.8. He knew he would have to do something to save his own life.9. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.10.I must do something to improve my English.初中英语