2015届高考生物实验设计题的解题技巧.pdf
高考生物实验设计题的解题技巧生物实验设计，就是要求同学们能够根据实验原理，选择实验器材、安排实验步骤、进行数据处理及分析实验现象等。其主要考查学生是否理解实验原理，是否具有灵活运用实验知识的能力，是否具有在不同情实验设计题是高考热点题型，所占分值也比较高。许多同学觉得解这类题目难以下手，有时只是心里明白，却无法用准确的语言文字表达出来。其实只要理清思路，找准方法，就能化难为易，一、仔细审题，弄清实验目的和要求1.确定实验目的，找出要研究的问题，这一点题目中都会给我们提示，诸如“研究、验证、探究”等字眼后面往往是试题将要2.3.要弄清实验类型，即要设计的实验是验证性实验还是探究性4.依据实验原理确定实验变量以及影响实验结果的无关变量。5.确定实验器材，对于生物实验题中已提供的实验材料和用具，主要分析“有什么用”“怎么用”，一般应全部用上，不可遗漏，除非试题是让你选择使用或者自行确定实验材料和用具。二、精心设计实验步骤1.分组标号:包括分组（实验组、对照组，其中实验组如果有浓度梯度，至少要分三组，如果有必要，每组还要设多个相同处理）、编号、非条件处理等。常用语言：选择长势相同、大小相似的同种植物随机等量分组,分别编号为 A、B、C取两支试管,分别编号为甲、乙,各加入等量的某溶液;选择年龄、体重(性别)、健康状况相同的某种动物随机等量分组,分别编号为 1、2、3本步骤强调分组的等量原则(器材的规格、生物材料的长势、分组的数量和随机性等)，编号可以针对实验器具，也可以针对实验材料，有的非条件处理需在条件处理之后，则需写在第二步。2.常用语言：在 A 组中加入“适量的”在B 组中加入“等量本步骤强调对照原则、各对照组条件处理的等量原则，通过“适量”和“等量”表达出来。在具体的实验设计中，可用具体的量，如“在 A 组中加入 2 mL在 B 组中加入 2 mL”。文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 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ZQ8Y6K1Q5X13.培养或观察:放在适宜且相同的条件下培养，一段时间后观察常用语言：将两套装置放在“相同且适宜的环境中培养一段时间”(或相应方法处理，如振荡、加热等)本步骤强调各组外界处理的等量原则，两套装置必须放在相同且适宜的环境中，这样的实验结果才有可比性。培养的时间可根特别提醒：a.最佳的书写步骤是123；b.用规范性语言准确地描述。三、通过对实验结果（现象）的处理，综合分析得出实验结论实验结果即实验过程中观察到的实验现象或收集到的数据，实验结论则是通过对实验结果的分析得出的定性表述，结论要依据实验原理并与实验目的相对应。实验目的的类型不一样，结果和结论的写法就不一样。验证性实验一般有一种结论，而探究性实验可能有多种结论。验证性实验：验证性实验的实验目的是“预料之中”的，因此结果和结论只有一种情况。结果即由所学知识或实验原理推出的现象，结论即实验目的。如“验证CO2 是光合作用的必需原料”的实验，实验结果为：对照组叶片遇碘变蓝，实验组叶片遇碘不变蓝。结论为：CO2 是光合作用的必需原料。文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 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ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1探究性实验：探究性实验是对未知的生物学现象进行探索，因此预期的结果及结论是所有可能出现的情况。其书写格式一般为“如果则”。如“探究光对种子萌发的影响”实验中，结果和结论会有以下几种情况：若相同时间内，在光下的一组比在黑暗中的萌发数多，则光对种子的萌发有促进作用；若在光下的一组比在黑暗中的萌发数少，则光对种子的萌发有抑制作用；四、回归检验1.检查实验原理、原则：检查是否遵循实验原理；检查是否遵循实验设计的原则，如有无对照实验，看实验是否遵循单2.检查实验过程：有没有科学性错误、是否违背实验原理、语言文字表达是否应用专业术语，一定要避免方言、俗语在答案中出现。3.检查实验器材：是否“物尽其用”，一般情况下，题目所给的器材都有用，除特殊说明外不允许额外添加实验器材，如有的同学一时疏忽把生理盐水换成了蒸馏水，4.检查实验结果是否合理：一般情况下实验结果要符合实验原理，验证性实验一般只有一种结论，而探究性实验可能有多种结论，都需要与实验目的相对应。五、题例领悟文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1【例题】为了验证甲状腺激素的生理作用，试以大白鼠的耗氧量和活动量为观察指标，根据给出的实验材料和用具，设计实（1）材料和用具：日龄相同、体重相近的雄性成年大白鼠两组，甲状腺激素溶液，蒸馏水，灌胃器，耗氧量测定装置，小动（实验提示：给药途径为每日灌胃，给药剂量和仪器操作不作要求，室温恒定。)（2）方法与步骤：_（3）结果预测与分析：_。【解析】（1）确定是验证性实验还是探究性实验：该实验为验（2实验原理：甲状腺激素能加速物质的氧化分解，使耗氧量增加；提（3文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1（4分组标号:将日龄相同、体重相近的雄性成年大白鼠分为两组并分别标记为甲组和乙组，然后分别用耗氧量测定装置、小动物活动测定仪测定与记录大白鼠的耗氧量和活动量。每日用灌胃器给甲组大白鼠灌喂甲状腺激素溶液，给乙组大白鼠灌胃等量的蒸馏水，饲养一段时间。定期测量与记录甲、乙两组大白鼠的耗氧量和活动量。（5实验目的中有“验证”，因此本实验是验证性实验，结果实验结果预测：未给甲状腺激素时，甲、乙两组大白鼠的耗氧量和活动量相近。给甲组大白鼠甲状腺激素后，其耗氧量和活动量均大于乙组。结果分析：甲状腺激素能促进新陈代谢，加速体内物质的氧化分解，提高神经系统的兴奋性，从而使耗氧量和活动量加大。【答案】见解析中的加粗部分【例题】某校生物兴趣小组为了“探索海洋动物和淡水动物血浆渗透压的高低”，想要做一个探究实验。他们现已得到了两文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1类动物的血液，并已离心分离出这两类动物的血浆各50 mL，请（1）本实验的目的是 _（2）设计依据的实验原理：在半透膜两侧存在浓度差时，会发生_。（3）应准备的仪器有 _（4）实验的步骤：_（5_【解析】（1）确定实验目的。题目中有“探索”字眼，由此可确定本实验是探究性实验，实验的目的是探索海洋动物和淡水动物血浆渗透压的高低（2）找准实验原理。由题干“在半透膜两侧存在浓度差时”可以确定本实验的原理是在半透膜两侧存在浓度差时，会发生 渗透作用。（3）确定实验器材。本实验是让自行确定实验材料和用具，组装渗透装置要用到（4）设计实验步骤。根据书写实验步骤的“三步曲”设计文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1先将淡水动物的血浆倒入烧杯中；用半透膜封住长颈漏斗的口，用细线将半透膜扎紧；将海洋动物的血浆倒入漏斗中，将漏斗浸入到烧杯中(即淡水动物的血浆中)，使漏斗管中的液面与烧杯中的液面平齐；一段时间后观察漏斗管中液面的变化（5）本实验是探究性实验，实验结果和结论不是唯一的。若液面上升，则说明海洋动物的血浆渗透压高于淡水动物的。若液面不变，则说明海洋动物的血浆渗透压与淡水动物的相等。若液面下降，则说明海洋动物的血浆渗透压低于淡水动【答案】【例题】生物进化的实质是种群基因频率的改变，其中影响种群基因频率的因素有很多，如自然选择、基因突变、基因重组、遗传漂变等。某中学生物研究小组为探究人工选择对种群基因频率是否有影响，选择了纯种长翅果蝇和残翅果蝇进行实验。已知果蝇的长翅（B）对残翅（b）为显性，基因位于常染色体上。实文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6G2 HG5L10F1B8T3 ZQ8Y6K1Q5X1文档编码:CL9I4T3R6
