高中英语选修第一单元知识点语法及练习.docx

第一单元知识点1.abstract 1) adj.深奥的，抽象的 e.g. Beauty is abstract but a house is not.2) v. 提炼，抽取；概括，写摘要 e.g. Rubber is abstracted from trees. e.g. He is abstracting a story for a book review.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。 3n. an abstract of a lecture一个演讲的摘要 2.Would you rather have Chinese or Western-style paintings in your home? would rather do sth情愿做 e.g. I would rather stay at home today.would rather sb do sth情愿sb做 e.g. I would rather you came here tomorrow.would rather do sth than do sth = would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth e.g. I would rather go with you than stay here.= I would go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer going with you to staying here. n. 信任,信仰 break one's faith with sb. 对某人不守信用 keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信 have faith in 相信, 信任 lose faith in 不再相信 in good faith 老实地；诚恳地e.g. I kept faith with him.我信守了对他的诺言。 He who loses faith, loses all.失去信心的人, 失去所有。 faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的 be faithful to对忠诚 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此 e.g. Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的 consequence n. 结果as a consequence/result = in consequence as a consequence/result of = because ofe.g. She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 5.aim A1) n. 目标(C) e.g. What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么?without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的 achieve ones aim到达目标 miss ones aim 打不中目标 (U) 对准, 瞄准 take aim at e.g. The hunter took aim at the lion. 2v. (以枪等) 对准,瞄准 aim at aim at the target=take aim at the target瞄准靶子 e.g. He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it. aimless a. 无目标的，无目的的 She led an aimless life. B. 打算,方案, 以为目标, 立志做aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争到达 e.g. Harry aims at becoming a doctor./Harry aims to become a doctor. 6.evident adj. 明白的, 明显的 e.g. The applause made it evident that the play was a hit. It is evident (obvious) (to sb) that e.g. It's evident that you are tired. n. evidence 证据;证明 in evidence = evident 明显的 7.realistic 现实主义的,逼真的,现实的 in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式 realism现实主义 realist现实主义者 real adj. 真的 realize v. 实现 8. adopt vt. 1).采取;采纳;吸收 e.g. After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 2).过继,收养(+as) e.g. Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 3).正式通过,承受 e.g. The agenda was adopted after some discussion. adopted adj. 被收养的，被采用的 an adopted child 9.possess 用作动词时，不能用于进展时。 1“有，拥有 e.g. The library possesses a number of the artists early works. 2“具有的特质 be possessed of sth意为“具有某种品质或特征 3“支配，控制 e.g. He was possessed by the desire to be rich. possession 【c】财产，所有物常用复数 personal possessions个人财产e.g. The ring is one of her most valuable possessions. 【u】占有，拥有 Take/get/have/gain possession of占领，夺取 in possession of (表主动占 in the possession of=in ones possession表被动被占有 e.g. He is in of the house. 他拥有这套房子。 The house is in the of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下。 10. convince vt. “使确信；使信服 convince sb. to do sth. .说服某人做 convince sb of sth convince sb+ that从句 使某人确信某事 e.g. He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚。 I was convinced that he was sincere.sb. be convinced of sth sb. be convinced that 某人确信。 11.attempt v.尝试，企图, 努力去执行或完成 attempt doing反复尝试做 attempt to do企图做 attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing e.g. I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. n. 1) 企图或努力 2)袭击；攻击 an attempt on someone's life对某人生命的攻击 make an attempt to do sth /at doing sth尝试做 at ones attempt 在尝试下 ones first attempt 初次尝试e.g. She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。n the other hand 另一方面，相当于一个副词。常及on one hand连用。 On one handon the other hand一方面另一方面 e.g. This job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I dont have to work long hours. On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I dont have enough money. at hand在手边，在附近 by hand用手的，手工的 go hand in hand with及共同行动 13.figure 1) 外形;体形;人影 e.g. I saw a figure in the darkness. 2) 体态;风姿 e.g. She has a slender figure. 3)人物;名人 e.g. He has become a figure known to everyone. 4) 数字 e.g. Where did you get those figures? 14.1)aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的 e.g. He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗。 an aggressive salesman一干劲很大的售货员 aggressive weapons 攻击性武器 2)aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地 3)aggression n.侵略行动aggressor n. 侵略者15.in the flesh活生生，本人，亲自 flesh n.肌肉;肉 e.g. Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？ flesh and blood肉体，血肉之躯 e.g. Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood. lose flesh减肥 gain/put on flesh增肥 flesh-eating食肉的 16.preference 1)更加的喜爱,偏爱UC(+for) e.g. A window seat is my preference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。2)偏爱的事物(或人)C e.g. Which is your preference, tea or coffee?3)偏袒U(+for) e.g. Parents should not show preference for any one of their children. 4)优先(权);优惠权UC in preference to 优先于 have a preference for偏爱 e.g. I have a preference for classic music. Id choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 17.appeal vi. 1)呼吁,恳求 appeal to sb for sth. e.g. He appealed to me for help. 2)诉诸,求助(+to) e.g. We will appeal to a variety of sources of information. 3)有吸引力,迎合爱好(+to) e.g. The idea appealed to Mary. 4)【律】上诉(+to/against) e.g. He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given. 18.reputation n. 名誉,名声(+for) e.g. The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. Cheating at the game ruined that players reputation. live up to ones reputation不负盛名 lose ones reputation失去盛名 win a high reputation赢得很高的声誉 19. more than名词 意为“不仅仅e.g. Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 1) more than+数词，意为“超过相当于over，其反义词组为less than。e.g. There are more than two hundred people in the park. 2)“more than形容词/副词是“很或“非常的意思。e.g. I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的讲话十分满意。 3) 在“more . than .构造中，肯定“more后面的内容而否认“than后面的局部，常译为“是而不是 或 “及其说不如说。e.g. Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. 听到这巨大的声响，男孩及其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶。 ontemporary 1)adj.当代的;同时代的;同年龄的e.g. His lecture is on contemporary American novelists. He has furniture of contemporary style. be contemporary with 及同时代e.g. Was Jonson contemporary with Shakespeare? 琼森是否及莎士比亚同辈? 2)n. C 同时代的人,同年龄的人；同时期的东西 ；当代人,现代人e.g. He was looked down upon by his contemporaries. 他被他的同时代的人瞧不起。 1.You have to be _. Anybody like you without any _ experience is not likely to be given a big salary even if you graduate from a famous university. . A. true; realistic B. realistic; practical C. practical; realistic D. real; realistic 2. Sculptures are something _ but the concepts they demonstrate are _, which takes wisdom to understand A. real; subtract B.concrete; abstract C. realistic; subscribe D. specific; conventional 3. Have faith _ yourself, be faithful _your work and make every effort you can and then you are not far away from success. A. of; of B. in; in C. to; in D. in; to 4. Plowing the field is the _ means to grow crops in China, typical _ the Chinese farming for thousands of years. A. controversial; with B. traditional; in C. conventional; of D. contemporary; to 5. Strict measures have to be _ to protect_ children from family abuses. A. adapted; adopted B. adopted; adopted C. adjusted; adjusted D. attached; adopted 6. Students are given a lot of exercises to do, _ to improve their grades. A. aimed B. aiming C. to be aimed D. to aim 7. Nobody knows for sure who possessed the ancient flower vase. In other words, nobody knows for sure who is _ of the flower vase. A. in possession B. in the possession C. of the possession D. with possession 8. The story is totally made up. If _ it happens to be _ anyones experience, we are here to apologize. A. by coincidence; similar to B. by accident; in coincidence with C. by chance; by coincidence with D. X; in coincidence to9. Whether euthanasia(安乐死) should be made legal has been _ in the law circle for many years. A. conventional B. controversial C. potential D. experimental 10. It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own _, which follows everywhere you go when there is light. A. shade B. shadow C. figure D. sculpture 11. I have heard of the famous scholar thousands of times but havent seen him _. A. in the flesh B. in personal C. in flesh D. in private 12. All visitors were amazed at the skills and _ the artist _ when carving the figure on the marbleA. technologies; showed B. techniques; displayed C. technology; made D. technique; displayed 13. In such a _ situation, we have to be careful of what we say and what we do. A. delicate B. fragile C. weak D. flexible 14. It _ a superb mind to predict what will exactly happen in the future. A. takes B. costs C. spends D. makes 15. It still remains a mystery why some people are _ certain flower fragrance while others are not. A. allergic to B. accustomed to C. addicted to D. appealing to 16. Egypt _ a high reputation of ancient civilization across the world A. likes B. appreciates C. enjoys D. is fond of 17. _ of time and energy has been spent in making the earthquake-stricken areas a permanent museum to remind people how disastrous a natural disaster can be. A. Large quantities B. A great deal C. A good many D. A plenty 18. The girl _ to figure out what the boys attempt was _ by giving her a bunch of roses but without success . A. managed; X B. succeeded; on C. attempted; at D. tried; on 19. Visual teaching aids _ to students and help them learn better but _ they should not be overused in class. A. attract; on the other hand B. appeal; on the other hand C. hold interest; on other hand D. are interested; on one hand 20. _ exhibits made of clay on exhibition have to be taken special care of _ them from being damaged . A. Delicate; preventing B. Fragile; to stop C. Weak; to keep D. Faint; keeping 21. The old man enjoys collecting signatures of cotemporary famous people _ famous paintings. A. with preference of B. in preference to C. in preference for D. with preference to 22. The district committee _ having a big headache in _ with the aggressive boys who make trouble now and then in the area. A. is; dealing B. are; dealing C. is; doing D. are; doing 23. Please give us a _ explanation _ why you have done so _ in geometry in school. A. specific; to; well B. concrete; for; good C. general; to; wonderful D. specific; to; good 24. -I hear there is an art gallery around here and could you tell me how to get to it, sir? -It is _207 on the Fifth Avenue. Walk down this street and you _. A.on; cant miss it B. at; cant avoid it C. on; cant escape D. at; cant miss it 25.Students are burdened with too much exercises, _ their school grade. A. aiming to improve B. aiming at improving C. aimed to improve D. aimed to improving 虚拟语气一、 根本含义：虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、疑心或推测。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。二、 用法：（一） 用于非真实条件句 1. 条件句： 1真实条件句指假设的情况有可能发生的条件句，用陈述语气。 2非真实条件句指假设的情况是过去或限制都不存在的，或将来也不大可能发生的，用虚拟语气 2. if条件句的主句和从句的谓语动词形式如下：if 条件句主句例句及现在事实相反动词过去式(be用were)would/could/should/might+V原If I were you, I would take an umbrella. (我不是你)If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. (我不知道)及将来事实相反动词过去式(be用were)If he came/ should come/ were to come here tomorrow, I should/ would talk to him. (他来的可能性很小)should + V原were to + V原 【学以致用】 2021 湖南高考Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. Had（二） 用于宾语从句 1. 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气wish后的宾语从句中谓语的形式例句及现在事实相反的愿望动词的过去式(be用were)I wish that I knew something about programming.及过去事实相反的愿望过去完成式They wish that they hadnt told it to us.将来的愿望would/could/should/might+V原I wish he could come tomorrow.【学以致用】 (2021 北京高考) Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ always late. A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been 2. 表示主观意愿的动词后，后面宾语从句的谓语动词用“should +动词原形, should 可省略 如：suggest 建议 require 要求 demand 要求 insist 坚持要求 order/ command 命令 e.g. He suggested that we (should) set a deadline for the completion of the plan. They require that parking (should) be allowed here. 他们要求允许在此处停车。 He insisted that she fasten her safety belt. 他要求她系好平安带。 注：suggest表示“说明，暗示，insist表示“坚持某一说法时，后宾语从句用陈述语气。 e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied. 他脸上的表情说明他很满意。 He insisted that he had not stolen the car and insisted that he (should)be set free at once. 他坚持说自己没有偷那辆汽车，并坚持要求立刻释放他。 【学以致用】 (2021 陕西高考) My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. Would3. would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气现在或将来的愿望would rather +主语+动词过去式I would rather he left now. I would rather he came earlier tomorrow.及过去事实相反的愿望would rather+主语+动词的过去完成式I would rather I had not lied yesterday. (事实上昨天撒谎了)【学以致用】 (2021 江苏高考) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused【即学即练】1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a letter to him. A. knew; would send B. had known; would send B. know; would send D. knew; would have sent2. I wish I _ a chance to talk to you last night, but you left so early. A. have B. had C. had had D. will have3. If the contest _ tomorrow, I would probably go to see it. A. is to take place B. were to take place C. was taken place D. would take place4. She required at the meeting that measures _ to protect the environment which we rely on to l