2019届苏教版-生物化学与分子生物学技术实践---单元测试.pdf

试卷第 1 页，总 13 页生物化学与分子生物学技术实践单元测试一、单项选择题1柑橘、柠檬芳香油的制备通常使用压榨法而不是水中蒸馏法，是因为水中蒸馏会导致原料焦糊柑橘、柠檬芳香油易溶于水会使芳香油有效成分水解AB C D【答案】D【解析】试题分析：柑橘、柠檬芳香油的制备通常使用压榨法而不是水中蒸馏法的原因是水中蒸馏会导致其原料焦糊，从而使芳香油有效成分水解，所以D正确。考点：此题考查植物有效成分提取的内容，意在考查考生对所学知识的理解并把握知识间的内在联系。2从细胞中提取某种特定的蛋白质比提取DNA 难度大，其原因不是()A.蛋白质对温度、盐浓度、pH 等条件更敏感，更易失活B.蛋白质的空间结构多样，理化性质各不相同，使得蛋白质的提取没有统一的方法C.提取某种特定的蛋白质需据其特性摸索提取的程序D.提取血红蛋白程序可分为样品处理、粗别离、纯化、纯度的鉴定四大步【答案】D【解析】试题分析：蛋白质对温度、盐浓度、pH 等条件更敏感，更易失活，而DNA 分子相对来讲比较稳定，这些区别是提取某种特定的蛋白质比提取DNA 难度大的原因之一，A 项不符合题意；蛋白质的空间结构多样，理化性质各不相同，使得蛋白质的提取没有统一的方法，而且还需要依据蛋白质的特性摸索提取的程序，这些也是提取蛋白质的难度较大的原因，B、C 项不符合题意；提取血红蛋白程序可分为样品处理、粗别离、纯化、纯度的鉴定四大步，这是提取蛋白质的步骤，不是提取蛋白质难度大的原因，D项符合题意。考点：此题考查提取某种特定蛋白质和提取DNA 的方法比较的相关知识，意在考查考生理解所学知识的要点，把握知识间的内在联系，形成知识的网络结构的能力。3以下关于萃取胡萝卜素的萃取剂，说法错误的选项是A.乙醇和丙酮都不能作为萃取胡萝卜素的萃取剂B.胡萝卜素易溶于水C.石油醚与四氯化碳相比，石油醚最适宜用作萃取剂试卷第 2 页，总 13 页D.其要求原料的颗粒要尽可能细小，能充分浸泡在有机溶液中【答案】B【解析】乙醇和丙酮为水溶性有机溶剂，因萃取中能与水混合而影响萃取效果，故不能用来作萃取剂；胡萝卜素不溶于水，微溶于乙醇，易溶于石油醚等有机溶剂；石油醚沸点高于四氯化碳，因此，石油醚最适宜用作萃取剂；原料的颗粒越小，与浸泡液充分接触，萃取的效率会越高。4以下对胡萝卜素的提取过程的分析，正确的选项是()A.把新鲜的胡萝卜切成米粒大小的颗粒，置于烘箱中烘干时，温度越高、干燥时间越长，烘干效果越好B.在萃取过程中在瓶口安装冷凝回流装置，是为了防止加热时有机溶剂的挥发C.在浓缩前，没有必要进行过滤D.将滤液用蒸馏装置进行蒸馏，蒸发出去的是胡萝卜素，留下的是有机溶剂【答案】B【解析】在烘干胡萝卜时要控制好温度和时间，温度太高、干燥时间太长，会导致胡萝卜素分解，A 项错误；在萃取过程中，为了防止加热时有机溶剂的挥发，应在加热瓶口安装冷凝回流装置，B 项正确；在浓缩前，需要进行过滤，以除去萃取液中的不溶物，C 项错误；将滤液用蒸馏装置进行蒸馏，蒸发出去的是有机溶剂，留下的是胡萝卜素，D 项错误。5胡萝卜素可以划分为、三类，其划分的主要依据是A.层析后出现在滤纸上的位置B.根据其在人和动物体内的功能和作用部位C.根据其分子式中碳碳双键的数目D.根据其分解后产生的维生素A的分子数【答案】C【解析】胡萝卜素可以划分为、三类，其划分的主要依据是：根据分子式中碳碳双键的数目，故选C。6压榨完橘皮后，处理压榨精油时，离心的目的是A.除去质量较小的残留固体物B.除去水分C.除去固体物和残渣D.除去果蜡、果胶【答案】A 文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4试卷第 3 页，总 13 页【解析】试题分析：压榨完橘皮后，处理压榨精油时，离心的目的是除去质量较小的残留固体物，其他的用过滤、沉淀等方法故选：A7下表有关“DNA 的粗提取与鉴定”实验的相关操作所选取的试剂中，错误的选项是选项相关操作选取的试剂A破碎鸡血细胞蒸馏水B溶解核内DNA浓度为 2mol/L 的 NaCl 溶液C提取杂质较少的DNA冷却的体积分数为95%的酒精DDNA的鉴定双缩脲试剂A.AB.BC.CD.D【答案】D【解析】试题分析：在鸡血细胞液中加入蒸馏水，使得血细胞吸水胀破，A 正确；2mol/LNaCl 溶液能溶解核内DNA，去除不溶解的杂质，B 正确；DNA 不溶解于酒精，而其它杂质能溶解于酒精，则用体积分数为95%的冷酒精能提取杂质较少的DNA，C正确；DNA 用二苯胺鉴定成蓝色，双缩脲用来检测蛋白质成紫色，D 错误。考点：此题考查DNA 的粗提取和鉴定相关知识，意在考查考生识记所列知识点，并能运用所学知识做出合理的判断或得出正确的结论的能力。8萃取法利用的是植物芳香油的哪个特点()A.化学性质稳定B.难挥发C.易溶于水D.易溶于有机溶剂【答案】D【解析】植物芳香油的提取中，不适于用水蒸气蒸馏的原料，可以考虑使用萃取法。萃取法利用的是植物芳香油易溶于有机溶剂的特点，所以D选项是正确的。9以下关于实验操作的表达，错误的选项是A.不宜将刚倒入牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基的平板倒过来放置B.DNA的粗提取与鉴定实验中，提取时假设搅拌速度过快，鉴定时蓝色会偏浅C.稀释涂布平板法用于微生物的别离计数，统计结果比实际值可能偏小D.制备固定化酵母细胞时，向刚溶化的海藻酸钠溶液中加入活化的酵母文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4试卷第 4 页，总 13 页【答案】D【解析】在酒精灯火焰附近刚倒入牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基的平板，其培养基温度约为50左右，呈液态，需待其冷却凝固大约需要510min后，才能将平板倒过来放置，即不宜将刚倒入牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基的平板倒过来放置，A 正确；DNA的粗提取与鉴定实验中，提取时假设搅拌速度过快，会加剧DNA分子的断裂，导致析出的DNA分子少或不能形成絮状沉淀，鉴定时蓝色会偏浅，B 正确；稀释涂布平板法用于微生物的别离计数，当两个或多个细胞连在一起时，平板上观察到的只是一个菌落，所以统计结果比实际值可能偏小，C 正确；制备固定化酵母细胞时，溶化好的海藻酸钠溶液要冷却至室温，才能加入已活化的酵母菌，D 错误。10以下关于电泳的说法中，正确的选项是A电泳是指不带电的分子在电场的作用下发生迁移的过程B电泳的过程要在一定的pH下，所以一定要使用缓冲液C葡聚糖凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳是两种常用的电泳方法D聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中，溶液中加入十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)，电泳的迁移率主要取决于分子所带电荷的多少和相对分子质量的大小【答案】B【解析】试题分析：电泳是指带电的分子在电场的作用下发生迁移的过程，A错误；电泳的过程要在一定的pH 下，所以一定要使用缓冲液，B 正确；琼脂糖凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳是两种常用的电泳方法，C错误；聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中，溶液中加入十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)，电泳的迁移率主要取决于相对分子质量的大小，D错误。考点：此题考查电泳法别离蛋白质的知识。11用于提取植物芳香油的植物器官包括()A.花、茎、叶B.树干、树皮C.根、果实、种子D.以上三项全是【答案】D【解析】植物芳香油可以分布于植物体的任意器官中，如花、茎、叶、根、果实、种子、树干、树皮等，故选D。12工业生产上，植物芳香油常采用水中蒸馏法，原因是A.利用水蒸气可将挥发性强的植物芳香油携带出来B.水蒸气蒸馏法可划分为水上蒸馏、水下蒸馏和水气蒸馏C.植物芳香油挥发性强，易溶于有机溶剂D.设备简单，成本较低，容易操作文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4试卷第 5 页，总 13 页【答案】D【解析】水蒸气蒸馏法分为水中蒸馏、水上蒸馏和水气蒸馏，三者都是利用水蒸气可将挥发性强的植物芳香油携带出来，但这不是工业生产上，植物芳香油常采用水中蒸馏法的原因，故A 错误；水蒸气蒸馏法划分为水中蒸馏、水上蒸馏和水气蒸馏，但这不是工业生产上，植物芳香油常采用水中蒸馏法的原因，故B 错误；植物芳香油挥发性强，易溶于有机溶剂，但这不是工业生产上，植物芳香油常采用水中蒸馏法的原因，C 错误；利用水蒸气可将挥发性强的植物芳香油携带出来，且水中蒸馏法设备和操作简单，成本较低，这是工业生产上，植物芳香油常采用水中蒸馏法的原因，故D正确。【点睛】不能理解水中蒸馏、水上蒸馏和水气蒸馏各自的特点，而导致选错此题，水中蒸馏是指原料放在蒸馏容器的水中，水要完全浸没原料，水上蒸馏是指容器中水的上方有筛板，原料放在筛板上，水量以沸腾时不浸湿原料为宜；而水气蒸馏是指蒸馏容器下方有一排气孔，连接外源水蒸气，上方有筛板，上面放原料；由比较可知，水中蒸馏设备简单、成本低、易操作，故植物芳香油常采用水中蒸馏法。13 提取胡萝卜素和提取玫瑰油时都需要加热，但用萃取法提取胡萝卜素时采用的是水浴加热法，而用水蒸气蒸馏法提取玫瑰油时采用的是直接加热法。其原因是A.前者需要保持恒温，后者不需要保持恒温B.前者容易蒸发，后者不容易蒸发C.胡萝卜素不耐高温，玫瑰油耐高温D.前者烧瓶里含有机溶剂，易燃易爆；后者蒸馏烧瓶中包含的是水，可直接加热【答案】D【解析】用萃取法提取胡萝卜素时，由于在烧瓶中加入的萃取剂为石油醚或其他有机溶剂，而有机溶剂都是易燃物，直接使用明火加热，容易引起燃烧、爆炸，因此应防止明火加热，采用水浴加热。用水蒸气蒸馏法提取玫瑰油时，蒸馏烧瓶内加入的是水，直接加热不会出现燃烧、爆炸等现象。14在血红蛋白的整个提取过程中，不断用磷酸缓冲液处理的目的是A.防止血红蛋白被氧化B.血红蛋白是一种两性物质，需要酸中和C.磷酸缓冲液会加速血红蛋白的提取过程D.让血红蛋白处在稳定的pH范围内，维持其结构和功能【答案】D【解析】磷酸缓冲液的作用是维持反应体系的pH 不变。在生物体内进行的各种生物化学过程都是在精确的pH 下进行的，受到氢离子浓度的严风格控。为了在实验室条件下文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4试卷第 6 页，总 13 页准确地模拟生物体内的天然环境，就必须保持体外生物化学反应过程有与体内过程完全相同的 pH。利用磷酸缓冲液模拟细胞内的pH 环境，保证血红蛋白的正常结构和功能，便于别离观察和研究。故选：D。15以下关于胡萝卜素以及胡萝卜素提取过程的分析正确的选项是A.胡萝卜素广泛分布于胡萝卜块根中，在叶绿体囊状结构薄膜上也有分布，可以治疗因缺乏维生素A而引起的疾病B.在把新鲜的胡萝卜切成米粒大小的颗粒置于烘箱中烘干时，温度越高、干燥时间越长，烘干效果越好C.在萃取过程中，在瓶中安装冷凝回流装置是为了防止加热时有机溶剂挥发，在浓缩前，没有必要进行过滤D.将滤液用蒸馏装置进行蒸馏，要收集蒸发出去的液体，蒸发出去的是胡萝卜素，留下的是有机溶液【答案】A【解析】叶绿体囊状结构薄膜上含有叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶黄素和胡萝卜素，其中的胡萝卜素由于可以在体内转化为维生素A，所以胡萝卜素可以治疗因缺乏维生素A而引起的疾病，A 正确；在把新鲜的胡萝卜置于烘箱中烘干时，温度过高、干燥时间过长，胡萝卜素会分解，B错误；在萃取过程中，在瓶中安装冷凝回流装置是为了防止加热时有机溶剂挥发，在浓缩干燥前，需要进行过滤除去固体物质，C错误；将滤液用蒸馏装置进行蒸馏，蒸发出去的是有机溶剂，留下的是胡萝卜素，D错误。16提取茉莉精油的正确步骤是A鲜茉莉花清水水蒸气蒸馏 除水 别离油层 茉莉油B鲜茉莉花清水水蒸气蒸馏 油水混合物 别离油层 除水 茉莉油C鲜茉莉花清水除水 水蒸气蒸馏 油水混合物 别离油层 茉莉油D鲜茉莉花清水别离油层 除水 水蒸气蒸馏 茉莉油【答案】B【解析】提取茉莉精油的方法是水中蒸馏法，实验流程是：鲜茉莉花清水水蒸气蒸馏油水混合物别离油层除水茉莉油，故选B。【考点定位】提取芳香油17以下全为水不溶性的有机溶剂是文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4文档编码:CB7G4W1Q8C3 HM7H10U2Z9J6 ZY6S1C9O5U4试卷第 7 页，总 13 页A乙醇、乙醚 B苯、乙酸乙酯 C丙酮、四氯化碳 D酒精、石油醚【答案】B【解析】试题分析：苯、乙酸乙酯属于水不溶性的有机溶剂，B正确。考点：此题主要考查有机溶剂的相关知识，意在考查考生对所学知识的理解，把握知识间的内在联系的能力。18胡萝卜素样品鉴定过程中，判断标准样品点与萃取样品点的依据是()。A.颜色不同B.大小不同C.形状不同D.层析后的色带点数不同【答案】D【解析】标准样品中含有的色素种类单一，而提取样品中含有的色素种类较多，用纸层析法鉴定色素时标准样品形成的点数少，而提取样品的点数多。这是判断标准样品点与萃取样品点的主要依据。19以下技术与原理不相符的是A.胰蛋白酶处理动物组织酶的专一性B.离体植物体细胞培养成愈伤组织细胞的全能性C.动物细胞培养细胞增殖D.PCR DNA分子的半保留复制【答案】B【解析】胰蛋白酶在动物细胞培养中的作用可使动物细胞分散，肯定