2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf

1 2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones.I of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones 2 on batteries,and batteries can die faster than we realize,3 you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you 4 cant find north,a few tricks to help you navigate_5 to civilization,one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well 6 a trail,but not in a completely 7 area,you have to answer two questions:Which 8 is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water._9,if you head downhill,and follow any H20 you find,you should 10 see signs of people If you ve explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13 even in dense fores,you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15 the woods.Head toward these 16 to find a way out.At might can the horizon for 17 light sources such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent,look for the 19 we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes tire tracks.and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.ASome BMost C Few D All 2.Aput Btake C run D come 3.ASince BIf CThough D until 4.AFormally Brelatively C gradually D literally 5.A back Bnext C around D away 6.A onto Boff Cacross D alone 7.A unattractive Buncrowded Cunchanged Dunfamiliar 8.A site Bpoint Cway D place 9.A So BYet CInstead D Besides lO.A immediately B intentionally C unexpectedly Deventually 11.A surprised B annoyed C frightened Dconfused 12.A problem Boption Cview D result 13.A Above all B In contrast COn average D For example 14.Abridge B avoid Cspot D separate 15.Aform Bthrough C beyond D Under 16.A posts Blinks C shades Dbreaks 17.A artificial B mysterious Chidden Dlimited 18.A Finally BConsequently CIncidentally D Generally 19.A memories Bmarks Cnotes Dbelongings 20.Arestrict Badopt C lead D expose 2 Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts,Answer the questions each text by choosing A B.C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(40 points)Text 1 Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.Starting next year.any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 1o years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The main purpose of this clawback rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk taking and to restore public trust in financial institution,Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit:more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism”or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publicly traded companies.says the Bank of Englands top economist.Andrew Haldane.He quotes a gaint of classical economics,Alfred Marshall in describing this financial impatience as acting like Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain.he notes has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,can hinder a firms efforts to invest in lone-term research or to build up customer loyalty.This has been dubbed quarterly capitalism”.In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities quicker use of information,and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets.There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,”said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduceshort-termism.In its latest survey of CEO pay The Wall street Journal finds thata substantial partof executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage long-termism,such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions.In France,shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes can more voting rights in a company.Within companies,the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders,Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance not just for the short term but for the long term.21.According to Paragraph 1,one motive in imposing the new rule is the A.enhance bankers sense of responsibility B help corporations achieve larger profits C.build a new system of financial regulation D.guarantee the bonuses of top executives 22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate A.the conditions for generating quick profits 文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 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ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T63 B.governments impatience in decision-making C.the solid structure of publicly traded companies D.short-termism in economic activities 23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be A.indited B.adverse C.minimal D temporary 24.The US and France examples and used to illustrate A.the obstacles to preventing short-termism.B.the significance or long term thinking.C.the approaches to promoting long-termism.D.the prevalence of short-term thinking.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text A.Failure of Quarterly Capitalism B.Patience as a Corporate Virtue C.Decisiveness Required of Top Executives D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers Text 2 Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages)over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.But another,related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called grade forgiveness-is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a students overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and improve their gradation rates.When this practice fir started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses,allow all undergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and gradation without incurring a big penalty.Untimely.said Jack Mine,Ohio State Universitys registrar.we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.That said,there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges own needs as well.For public institutions state finds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention so better grades can,by boosting figures like those,mean more money.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students who,at the end of the day are paying the bill-feel they ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars,which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers expectations for higher education.Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job,it is in the best interest of a school to tum out gradates who are as qualified as possible-or 文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 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ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T64 at least appear to be.On this,students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.26.What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A.The change of course catalogs.B.Students indifference to GPAS.C Colleges neglect of GPAS.D.The influence of consumer culture.27.What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness A.To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B.To maintain colleges graduation rates.C.To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D.To increase universities income from tuition.28.According to Paragraph 5.grade forgiveness enables colleges A.obtain more financial support.B.boost their student enrollments.C.improve their teaching quality.D.meet local governments needs.29.What does the phrase“to be aligned”(Line 5.Para.6)most probably mean?A.To counterbalance each other B.To complement each other.C.To be identical with each other D.To be contradictory to each other.30.The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by A assessing its feasibility B.analyzing the causes behind it.C.comparing different views on it.D.listing its long-run effects Text 3 This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein,or.The Modem Prometheus by Mary Shelley.Even before the invention of the electric light bulb,the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many chical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence(An)raises fundamental questions:What is intelligence,identity,or consciousness?what makes humans humans?What is being called artificial general intelligence,machines that would imitate the way humans think continues to evade scientists.Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look,move,and respond like humans,similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi Tv series such asWestworld andHumans.Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood let alone reproduced,says David Eagleman,a Stanford University neuroscientist,We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesnt mean crucial ethical issues involving Al arent at hand.The coming use of autonomous vehicles.for example poses thorny ethical questions.Human drivers sometime 文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 HU7V2L6Z5G3 ZM4X6E3J2T6文档编码:CU7D1X5C1A7 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