2018最新人教版七年级下册生物中考考点精华识记(思维导图版).pdf

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料第四单元生物圈中的人第一章人的由来知识导图精华识记一、人类的起源与发展1.人类的起源于森林古猿,森林古猿 是人与现代类人猿的共同祖先。2.现代类人猿有猩猩、大猩猩、黑猩猩、长臂猿。3.直立行走 是人与类人猿分界的一个重要标准。二、人的生殖1.男性主要生殖器官是睾丸(产生精子、分泌雄性激素）；女性主要生殖器官是 卵巢(产生卵细胞、分泌雌性激素)。男性生殖系统（正面）女性生殖系统（正面）学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料2.输卵管：输送卵细胞。是受精 的场所，女性结扎的部位。3.子宫：胚胎和胎儿发育的场所，也是月经形成的场所。4.胎盘：胎儿与母体物质交换的器官。脐带连接胎盘与胎儿，是运输物质的通道。5.人的生殖过程：受精卵胚泡、胚胎胎儿(8 周)新生儿三、青春期（身体发育和智力发展的黄金时期）1.身体的变化：（1）显著特点是身高突增。女孩身高突增年龄比男孩早；（2）神经系统、心肺功能增强；（3）性器官迅速发育并出现第二性征，这与性激素分泌增多有关。此时男孩出现遗精、女孩出现月经等是正常的生理现象。2.心理的变化：强烈的独立意识与性意识开始萌动。卵巢卵细胞睾丸精子分裂分化38 周 266 天排卵、受精和开始怀孕示意图文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 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HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1文档编码:CP5U9J3H10Q5 HH10D3E2G8V8 ZN4A6X7M8N1学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料第二章人体的营养知识导图精华识记一、食物中的营养物质1.食物中所含的六类营养物质是糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、水分、无机盐、维生素。2.糖类、脂肪、蛋白质 是组成细胞的主要有机物，能为生命活动提供能量。维生素也 是有机物，但不参与细胞的构成也不提供能量。3.糖类 是人体 主要供能 物质（谷类和薯类食物）；脂肪 是备用能源物质（肉类、花生、芝麻和植物油）。4蛋白质 是构成人体细胞的基本物质，是生长发育 以及 受损细胞修复更新 的重要原料（瘦肉、鱼、奶、蛋和豆类）。5.水是 细胞主要组成成分。（占体重60-70%）6.无机盐 与维生素 缺乏症无机盐缺乏症（食物来源）维生素缺乏症（食物来源）钙佝偻病、骨质疏松症（豆制品、乳制维生素A 皮肤干燥、夜盲症、干眼症（蛋黄、鱼肝油、文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 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ZW4I7F2Z9A3学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料品）动物肝脏、胡萝卜）磷厌食、贫血、肌无力、骨痛（牛奶、肉类、鸡蛋）维生素B1 神经炎、消化不良、食欲不振（粗粮、谷类的种皮、猪肝）铁缺铁性贫血、乏力、头晕（猪肝）维生素C 坏血病、抵抗力下降（新鲜蔬菜、水果）碘地方性甲状腺肿，呆小症（海产品、豆制品、肉类）维生素D 佝偻病、骨质疏松症（蛋黄、鱼肝油、动物肝脏、胡萝卜）促进钙和磷的吸收7.膳食纤维 被称为第七类营养素，大量存在于水果、蔬菜、海藻和粗粮中，能促进胃肠蠕动与排便。二、消化和吸收1.消化系统由 消化道 和消化腺 两部分组成。2.消化道包括：口咽、食道 胃小肠大肠 肛门。3.消化腺有唾液腺、胃腺、肝脏、胰腺和肠腺。（1）唾液腺：分泌唾液，含唾液淀粉酶（口腔初步消化淀粉）（2）胃腺：分泌胃液，含胃蛋白酶（胃初步消化蛋白质）（3）肝脏（最大消化腺）：分泌胆汁，贮存于胆囊（胆汁不含消化酶，乳化脂肪）（4）胰腺和肠腺：分别分泌胰液和肠液，含消化糖类、蛋白质和脂肪的酶。4三大供能营养物质的消化过程：（1）淀粉麦芽糖（口腔）葡萄糖（小肠）（2）蛋白质多肽（胃）氨基酸（小肠）（3）脂肪脂肪小微粒甘油+脂肪酸（小肠）5.消化的部位：有口腔、胃、小肠。小肠是主要的消化场所。人体消化系统的组成示意图文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料6.营养物质的吸收：（1）胃吸收 酒精、少量水；（2）小肠 吸收水分、无机盐、维生素、葡萄糖、氨基酸、甘油和脂肪酸等；（3）大肠 吸收少量的 水、无机盐、维生素。7.吸收的部位:有胃、小肠、大肠。小肠是主要的吸收场所。8.小肠是消化和吸收的主要器官。9.小肠适于消化和吸收的特点：(1)小肠内有胆汁、肠液、胰液等多种消化液，有利于消化。(2)小肠有 56 米长，内表面有环形皱襞 和小肠 绒毛，大大增加了 消化和吸收 的表面积。(3)小肠绒毛壁只有一层上皮细胞，绒毛腔内有丰富的毛细血管，有利于 吸收 营养物质。三、合理营养与食品安全1.合理营养：指全面 而平衡 的营养。2.平衡膳食：按“平衡膳食宝塔”均衡饮食，合理配餐，五谷杂粮类（最多），油脂类（最少）；早、中、晚餐能量各占3：4：3，按时进餐。青少年要多补充蛋白质类食物。3.食品安全：购买食品时注意是否有“QS”质量安全标志；买肉时要看是否有“检疫合格”印章；4.绿色食品：指产自良好生态环境的，无污染、安全、优质的食品，分 A级和 AA级。小肠内表面的皱壁和小肠绒毛示意文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料第三章人体的呼吸知识导图精华识记一、呼吸系统的组成：1、呼吸系统包括：呼吸道 和肺。肺是呼吸系统的主要器官。（1）呼吸道包括：鼻、咽、喉、气管、支气管；是气体进出肺的通道。咽是 呼吸与消化的共同通道；（2）肺由大量 肺泡 组成，是呼吸系统气体交换的场所（器官）。2、呼吸道的作用：（1）呼吸道都有骨或软骨 作支架，保证气体顺畅通过；（2）对吸入的气体进行处理，使到达肺的气体清洁、温暖、湿润。二、呼吸运动肺与外界的气体交换1、吸气：肋间肌、膈肌 收缩，膈顶 下降；肋骨 向上向外 运动，胸腔 扩大，肺 扩张，肺内气压 下降，肺内气压低于 大气压，气体 入肺；2、呼气：膈肌、肋间肌 舒张，膈肌 上降；肋骨 向下向内 运动，胸腔 缩小，肺 回缩，肺内气压 上升，肺内气压高于 大气压，呼吸系统的组成文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料气体 出肺。3.膈肌收缩时导致胸廓的上下径增大，肋间肌收缩导致胸廓的前后径增大，胸腔 扩大，吸气；膈肌舒张导致胸廓的上下径缩少，肋间肌舒张导致胸廓的前后径缩小，胸腔 缩小，呼气。4.吸气和呼气结束瞬间，肺内气压=外界气体压力三、肺泡与血液的气体交换：1、肺部有利于肺泡与血液气体交换的结构特点：（1）肺泡数量多；（2）肺泡外面包绕着丰富的毛细血管；（3）肺泡壁、毛细血管壁薄，都只有 1 层上皮细胞。2、肺泡与血液、血液与组织细胞的气体交换（1）过程：肺泡血液组织细胞（2）原因：组织细胞内进行呼吸作用为生命活动提供能量时，消耗氧，释放二氧化碳。（3）结果：肺泡与血液的气体交换，血液由静脉血 变为 动脉血；血液与组织细胞的气体交换，血液由动脉血 变为 静脉血。肺泡和血液之间的气体交换氧气二氧化碳氧气二氧化碳文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3文档编码:CW6E10Z3S1E6 HX10X6J1N8H6 ZW4I7F2Z9A3学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考学习资料第四章人体内物质的运输知识导图精华识记一、流动的结缔组织血液（一）血液的组成：血浆和血细胞。1血浆：加 抗凝剂 静置后上层的淡黄色液体。（1）成分：主要是水，还有血浆蛋白、氨基酸、葡萄糖、无机盐等。血浆蛋白（2）作用：运载 血细胞，运输人体生命活动所需要的 营养物质 和体内产生的废物。2血细胞 包括红细胞、白细胞和血小板。（1）红细胞：运输氧和部分二氧化碳，含血红蛋白。（数量最多，成熟时无核。过少患贫血）。（2）白细胞：吞噬病菌。（个体最大，数量较少，有核。过多可能