9：雅思阅读配对题优秀PPT.ppt
第八讲：雅思阅读配第八讲：雅思阅读配对题对题一、形式：三部分组成一、形式：三部分组成题目要求、选项的集合、题目的集合二、特点：难以捉摸二、特点：难以捉摸大多数是微小环节信息（段落配信息题除外）有乱序分布三、分类三、分类配对一方是特殊定位词配对一方是特殊定位词人名配观点人名配观点地点配解决措施地点配解决措施时间配事务时间配事务乱序乱序配对双方是长句子配对双方是长句子问题配答案问题配答案缘由配结果缘由配结果正序正序段落配信息段落配信息乱序乱序-语言实力语言实力四、基本解题步骤四、基本解题步骤识别配对的双方的类型以及各自的数量确定先定位哪一方通读配对另一方，划出全部定位词，逐段进行配对1.配对一方是特殊定位词方法：A快速阅读定位词，在文中划出，没有出现定位词的段落一律不考虑。B通读配对题的另一方，划出定位词，逐段配对。例题：剑一T2P1Q1-7A AWhydohumans,virtuallyaloneamongallanimalspecies,displayadistinctleftorrighthandedness?Notevenourclosestrelativesamongtheapespossesssuchdecidedlateralasymmetry,aspsychologistscallit.Yetabout90percentofeveryhumanpopulationthathaseverlivedappearstohavebeenright-handed.ProfessorBryanTurneratDeaconUniversityhasstudiedtheresearchliteratureonleft-handednessandfoundthathandednessgoeswithsidedness.Sonineoutoftenpeopleareright-handedandeightareright-footed.Henotedthatthisdistinctiveasymmetryinthehumanpopulationisitselfsystematic.Humansthinkincategories:blackandwhite,upanddown,leftandright.Itsasystemofsignsthatenablesustocategoriesphenomenathatareessentiallyambiguous.BResearchhasshownthatthereisgeneticorBResearchhasshownthatthereisgeneticorinheritedelementtohandedness.Butwhileleft-inheritedelementtohandedness.Butwhileleft-handednesstendstoruninfamilies,neitherleftnorhandednesstendstoruninfamilies,neitherleftnorrighthandlerswillautomaticallyproduceoff-springrighthandlerswillautomaticallyproduceoff-springwiththesamehandedness;infactabout6percentwiththesamehandedness;infactabout6percentofchildrenwithtworight-handedparentswillbeofchildrenwithtworight-handedparentswillbeleft-handed.However,amongtwoleft-handedleft-handed.However,amongtwoleft-handedparents,perhaps40percentofthechildrenwillparents,perhaps40percentofthechildrenwillalsobeleft-handed.Withonerightandoneleft-alsobeleft-handed.Withonerightandoneleft-handedparent,15to20percentoftheoffspringhandedparent,15to20percentoftheoffspringwillbeleft-handed.Evenamongidenticaltwinswhowillbeleft-handed.Evenamongidenticaltwinswhohaveexactlythesamegenes,oneinsixpairswillhaveexactlythesamegenes,oneinsixpairswilldifferintheirhandedness.differintheirhandedness.CWhatthenmakespeopleleft-handedifitisnotsimplyCWhatthenmakespeopleleft-handedifitisnotsimplygenetic?Otherfactorsmustbeatworkandgenetic?Otherfactorsmustbeatworkandresearchershaveturnedtothebrainforclues.Inresearchershaveturnedtothebrainforclues.Inthe1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,Drthe1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,DrPaulBocaPaulBoca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientsmadetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofawhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisofthestroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfoftheirbody.Henotedthatsincetheleftrighthalfoftheirbody.Henotedthatsincethelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolstherighthalfofthehemisphereofthebraincontrolstherighthalfofthebody,andviceversa,thebraindamagemusthavebody,andviceversa,thebraindamagemusthavebeeninthebrainslefthemisphere,Psychologistsnowbeeninthebrainslefthemisphere,Psychologistsnowbelievethatamongrighthandedpeople,probably95believethatamongrighthandedpeople,probably95percenthavetheirlanguagecentreintheleftpercenthavetheirlanguagecentreinthelefthemisphere,while5percenthaveright-sidedhemisphere,while5percenthaveright-sidedlanguage,Left-handers,however,donotshowthelanguage,Left-handers,however,donotshowthereversepatternbutinsteadamajorityalsoSome30reversepatternbutinsteadamajorityalsoSome30percenthaverighthemispherelanguage.percenthaverighthemispherelanguage.D D DrBrinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,hassuggestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,asthebrainevolved,onesidebecamespecializedforfinecontrolofmovement(necessaryforproducingspeech)andalongwiththisevolutioncameright-handpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,mostleft-handershavelefthemispheredominancebutalsosomecapacityintherighthemisphere.Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-handershaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.EInherstudiesofmacaquemonkeys,Brinkmanhasnoticedthatprimates(monkeys)seemtolearnahandpreferencefromtheirmotherinthefirstyearoflifebutthiscouldbeonehandortheother.Inhumans,however,thespecializationinfunctionofthetwohemispheresresultsinanatomicaldifferences;areasthatareinvolvedwiththeproductionofspeechareusuallylargerontheleftsidethanontheright.Sincemonkeyshavenotacquiredtheartofspeech,onewouldnotexpecttoseesuchavariationbutBrinkmanclaimstohavediscoveredatrendinmonkeystowardstheasymmetrythatisevidentinthehumanbrain.FFTwoAmericanresearchers,Geschwind and Galaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.Butasthebraindevelops,anumberofthingscanaffectit.Everybrainisinitiallyfemaleinitsorganisationanditonlybecomesamalebrainwhenthemalefetusbeginstosecretehormones.Geschwind and Galaburda knewthatdifferentpartsofthebrainmatureatdifferentrates;therighthemispheredevelopsfirst,thentheleft.Moreover,agirlsbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthatofaboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrainsdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.Thebrainmaybecomelessliberalizedandthisinturncouldresultinleft-handednessandthedevelopmentofcertainsuperiorskillsthathavetheiroriginsinthelefthemispheresuchaslogic,rationalityandabstraction.Itshouldbenosurprisethenthatamongmathematiciansandarchitects,left-handerstendtobemorecommonandtherearemoreleft-handedmalesthanfemales.GGTheresultsofthisresearchmaybesomeconsolationtoleft-handerswhohaveforcenturieslivedinaworlddesignedtosuitright-handedpeople.However,whatisalarming,accordingtoMr.CharlesMoore,awriterandjournalist,isthewaythewordrightreinforcesitsownvirtue.Subliminallyhesays,languagetellspeopletothinkthatanythingontherightcanbetrustedwhileanythingontheleftisdangerousorevensinister.Wespeakofleft-handedcomplimentsandaccordingtoMoore,itisnocoincidencethatleft-hand,oftendevelopastammerastheyarerobbedoftheirfreedomofspeech.However,asmoreresearchisundertakenonthecausesoflefthandedness,attitudestowardsleft-handedpeoplearegraduallychangingforthebetter.IndeedwhenthechampiontennisplayerIndeedwhenthechampiontennisplayerIvanLendwasaskedwhatthesinglethingimprovehisgame,hesaidhewouldliketobecomealeft-hander.Questions1-7Questions1-7Usetheinformationinthetexttomatchthepeople(listedA-E)Usetheinformationinthetexttomatchthepeople(listedA-E)withtheopinions(listed1-7)below.Writetheappropriateletterwiththeopinions(listed1-7)below.Writetheappropriateletter(A-E)in(A-E)inboxes 1-boxes 1-7onyouranswersheet.Somepeoplematch7onyouranswersheet.Somepeoplematchmorethanoneopinion.morethanoneopinion.ADrBocaADrBocaBDrBrinkmanBDrBrinkmanCGeschwindandGalaburdaCGeschwindandGalaburdaDCharlesMooreDCharlesMooreEProfessorTurnerEProfessorTurner 1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhenhandednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.theyfirstdevelopedlanguage.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmore4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklyquicklythanright-handedpeople.thanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusually5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallyloselosetheirpowerofspeech.theirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbefore6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.birth.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowa1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferencepreferenceforforright-handednesswhenright-handednesswhentheyfirsttheyfirstdevelopedlanguagedevelopedlanguage.2Societyis2Societyisprejudicedprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.againstleft-handedpeople.33BoysBoysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.aremorelikelytobeleft-handed.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeople4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirrecovertheirspeechspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.morequicklythanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthe5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallybrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.losetheirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferent6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsfunctionsbeforebirth.beforebirth.77AsymmetryisacommonfeatureAsymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.ofthehumanbody.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.4Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.6Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.Henotedthatthisdistinctiveasymmetryinthehumanpopulationisitselfsystematic.Humansthinkincategories:blackandwhite,upanddown,leftandright.Itsasystemofsignsthatenablesustocategoriesphenomenathatareessentiallyambiguous.7Asymmetryisacommonfeatureofthehumanbody.Inthe1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,Dr Paul Boca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfoftheirbody.5Peoplewhosufferstrokesontheleftsideofthebrainusuallylosetheirpowerofspeech.Dr Brinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,hassuggestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.1Humanbeingsstartedtoshowapreferenceforright-handednesswhentheyfirstdevelopedlanguage.Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-handershaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.4.Afterastroke,left-handedpeoplerecovertheirspeechmorequicklythanright-handedpeople.TwoAmericanresearchers,Geschwind and Galaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.6.Thetwosidesofthebraindevelopdifferentfunctionsbeforebirth.Moreover,agirlsbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthatofaboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrainsdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.3Boysaremorelikelytobeleft-handed.However,whatisalarming,accordingtoMr.Charles Moore,awriterandjournalist,isthewaythewordrightreinforcesitsownvirtue.Subliminallyhesays,languagetellspeopletothinkthatanythingontherightcanbetrustedwhileanythingontheleftisdangerousorevensinister.2Societyisprejudicedagainstleft-handedpeople.2.双方都是长句子方法：A划出题目中的定位词，定位到段落。B划出选项中的定位词，逐段进行配对。例题：剑七T2P3Q36-39 剑七剑七剑七剑七T2P3Q36-39T2P3Q36-39 Questions 36-39Questions 36-39Complete each sentence witComplete each sentence with h the correct ending,AJ,below.the correct ending,AJ,below.Write the correct letter,AJ,in boxes 36-39 on your answer sheet.Write the correct letter,AJ,in boxes 36-39 on your answer sheet.36Constructionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrails36Constructionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrails37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMakete37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMakete 38Theimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpaths38Theimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpaths39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyear39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyear AprovidedthepeopleofMaketewithexperienceinrunningbusAprovidedthepeopleofMaketewithexperienceinrunningbusandtruckservices.andtruckservices.Bwasespeciallysuccessfulinthenorthernpartofthedistrict.Bwasespeciallysuccessfulinthenorthernpartofthedistrict.CdifferedfromearlierphasesinthatthecommunitybecameCdifferedfromearlierphasesinthatthecommunitybecamelessactivelyinvolved.lessactivelyinvolved.Dimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.Dimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.Ewasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.Ewasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.Fcostlessthanlocallymadewheelbarrows.Fcostlessthanlocallymadewheelbarrows.GwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingGwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingtolendahand.tolendahand.HwasatfirstconsideredbyMIRTPtobeaffordablefortheHwasatfirstconsideredbyMIRTPtobeaffordableforthepeopleofthedistrict.peopleofthedistrict.IhinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesIhinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesmoreefficient.moreefficient.J J wasthoughttobethemostimportantobjectiveofPhaseIII.wasthoughttobethemostimportantobjectiveofPhaseIII.Mostgoodsweretransportedalongthepathsthatprovideshort-cutsupanddownthehillsides,butthepathswerearealsafetyriskandmadethejourneyonfootevenmorearduous.Itmadesensetoimprovethepathsbybuildingsteps,handrailsandfootbridges.36Constructionoffootbridges,stepsandhandrailsDimprovedpathsusedfortransportupanddownhillsides.Theeffortstoimprovetheefficiencyoftheexistingtransportserviceswerenotverysuccessfulbecausemostofthemotorizedvehiclesinthedistrictbrokedownandtherewerenoresourcestorepairthem.37FrequentbreakdownofbusesandtrucksinMaketeIhinderedattemptstomaketheexistingtransportservicesmoreefficientPathsandsecondaryroadswereimprovedonlyattherequestofcommunitieswhowerewillingtoparticipateinconstructionandmaintenance.38TheimprovementofsecondaryroadsandpathsGwasdoneonlyattherequestoflocalpeoplewhowerewillingtolendahand.Theroadimprovementsandaccompanyingmaintenancesystemhadhelpedmakethedistrictcentreaccessiblethroughouttheyear.39TheisolationofMaketeforpartoftheyearEwasnolongeraproblemoncetheroadshadbeenimproved.练习：剑五T2P2Q24-273.段落配信息题方法：划出定位词，以段落为单位，读完一段话，返回来阅读一遍定位词，假如有对应内容就选，没有就不选例题：剑六T1P2Q14-17Question14-17Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?Writethecorrectletter,AI，inboxes1417.14.asuggestionforimprovementtradeinthefuture15.theeffectoftheintroductionofelectronicdelivery16.thesimilarcostinvolvedintransportingaproductfromabroadorfromalocalsupplier17.theweakeningrelationshipbetweenthevalueofgoodsandthecostoftheirdelivery14.asuggestionforimprovementtradeinthefuture最终一段IInAmericatheperiodofhugeproductivitygainsintransportationmaybealmostover,butinmostcountriestheprocessstillhasfartogo.Stateownershipofrailwaysandairlines,regulationoffreightratesandtolerationofanti-competitivepractices,suchascargo-handlingmonopolies,allkeepthecostofshippingunnecessarilyhighanddeterinternationaltrade.Bringingthesebarriersdownwouldhelptheworldseconomiesgrowevencloser.15.theeffectoftheintroductionofelectronicdeliveryFThisisevenmoretrueofthefast-growinginformationindustries.Filmsandcompactdiscscostlittletotransport,evenbyaeroplane.Computersoftwarecanbeexportedwithouteverloadingitontoaship,simplybytransmittingitovertelephonelinesfromonecountrytoanother,sofreightratesandcargo-handlingschedulesbecomeinsignificantfactorsindecidingwheretomaketheproduct.Businessescanlocatebasedonotherconsiderations,suchastheavailabilityoflabour,whileworryinglessaboutthecostofdeliveringtheiroutput.16.thesimilarcostinvolvedintransporti
