非谓语动词考点精讲不定式for结构与of结构的区别讲义--高考英语一轮复习语法专题.docx

高考英语一轮复习 语法专题（全国通用）非谓语动词考点精讲：不定式for结构与of结构的区别 知识点总结不定式for结构与of结构的区别先请看以下两个句子 :It is difficult for a young man to speak of his view of life.年轻人畅谈自己的人生观是困难的。It is kind of you to help me.谢谢你帮助我。不难看出,这两句中的it都是形式主语，介词for和of都是用来引起不定式的逻辑主语。第一句中不定式to speak of his view of life的逻辑主语是a young man;第二句中不定式to help me 的逻辑主语是you。为了行文方便,我们不妨把上面第一句中的斜体部分叫做不定式for结构,把第二句中的斜体部分叫做不定式of结构。这两种结构在句中的用法是有区别的,其区别主要表现在以下几个方面。A不定式for结构在句子中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。例如:How would it be for you to take charge of this class?你负责这个班怎么样?(主语)Id like for you to come here.我很想你来这儿(宾语)The first thing would be for us to look for a shelter since it was raining so heavily.雨下得这么大,要紧的事是我们找个避雨的地方。(表语)There is a lot of work for us to do.我们有很多工作要做 。（定语）The word is too difficult for me to pronounce well.这个词的发音太难了,我发不准。(状语)而不定式of结构在句子中只能用作主语。例如:Its nice of you to invite me.你邀请我,你真好。Its awfully good you of to come to see me off at the station.你来车站送我,太好了。B在有不定式for结构的句子中,作表语的形容词大都是表示事物性质的,如difficult, easy, heavy, important, necessary, possible等。这些形容词与for后的名词(或代词)的关系不密切,无意义上的主表关系;反之, 它们与句中的不定式或整个不定式for结构关系却十分紧密,有意义上的主表关系。例如:It is necessary for you to learn from others.你向别人学习是很有必要的。此句中不定式的逻辑主语you与形容词necessary无主表关系,即不能说"You are necessary to learn from others " , 而可以说“To learn from others is necessary"/"For you to learn from others is necessary"。又如:It's impossible for anyone to learn English well without great efforts.(=For anyone to learn English well without great efforts is impossible.)任何人不下苦功,是不可能学好英语的。Its hard for me to distinguish the twin sisters. (= For me to distinguish the twin sisters is hard.) 我很难区别这对孪生姐妹。在有不定式of结构的句子中,作表语的形容词大都是表示人物特征的,如careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, polite, selfish等。这些形容词与of后的名词(或代词)的关系十分密切,有意义上的主表关系。例如:Its kind of you to do so. (= You are kind to do so.)你这样做太好了。It's wrong of you to borrow his dictionary without his permission. (= You are wrong to borrow his dictionary without his permission.)你没有得到他的允许就借用他的词典是不对的。 同时,这类形容词大多数也可指不定式行为的性质,也可用于带不定式for结构的句子中,但两种结构在意义上有所差别。试比较以下两句:It's foolish of you to buy that book.It's foolish for you to buy that book.上述第一句强调人的特征,of表示一种所属关系,foolish是you的所属特征,相当于"You are foolish to buy that book",其意为“你真傻,竟买那本书".(强调的是“你傻”)。第二句强调行为的性质for只表示一种范围相当于“For you to buy that book is foolish",意即“你买那本书是愚蠢的"。(强调“买那本书”这件事,而不是“你”。)C在不定式for结构中不定式的逻辑主语可以是人,也可以是无生命的事物,还可以是引导词there。例如：Its important for us to study Marxism-Leninism.我们学习马列主义是重要的。It is a pity for there to be any disagreement in the family.家庭不和,实为遗憾。而在不定式of结构中,不定式的逻辑主语只能是人或动物。例如:It's really cruel of the capitalist to maltreat the child labourer.那资本家虐待那个童工,实在太残忍了。Its careless of me to mistake his umbrella for mine.我真粗心,竟把他的伞当成我的了。D不定式for结构作主语的句子,可以不用先行词it,而直接用不定式for结构做句子中的主语(见以上B),尽管这种用法比较少见;而不定式of结构则一般只用it做形式主语,不能把不定式of结构提到句首做主语。例如不可说: * Of you to lose so much money is careless.只可说:It's careless of you to lose so much money. You are careless to lose so much money.你真粗心,丟了这么多钱。 也可以说 :To lose so much money is careless of you.非谓语动词综合练习：1Tom, dont always make your sister _. Go and get the car_ at once.OK, mum. Ill do it right now.Ato cry; wash Bcries; to wash Ccry; washed Dcry; wash2I regret _ you that you failed the exam.How I regret _ so much time hanging out with friends!Atelling, spending Btelling, to spend Cto tell, spending Dto tell, to spend3 Can the shelf be finished by the weekend? Sure, _ it on time, we will work two more hours a day.Acompletes Bcompleting Cto complete Dcomplete4I dont know what _ next.Ato do Bdoing Cdo5 These skills will enable you _ a good job in the future.Ato get Bget Cgot Dgetting答案：1C【详解】考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth：使某人做某事，省略to的动词不定式作宾补，排除A和B选项。get sth done：使某物被做，过去分词作宾补，故选C。2C考查非谓语。regret to do sth“遗憾做某事”，regret doing sth“后悔做过某事”，根据“you failed the exam”可知，第一空指的是“遗憾地告诉”，应用不定式形式；结合“so much time hanging out with friends”可知，第二空指的是“后悔做过的事情”，应用doing形式，故选C。3C考查动词不定式。completes完成，第三人称单数；completing完成，现在分词；tocomplete完成，动词不定式；complete完成，动词原形。此处是不定式作目的状语，表示“为了按时完成”，我们每天会多工作两个小时。故选C。4A考查非谓语。此处是“疑问词+不定式”的结构，what to do表示“做什么”，故选A。5A考查动词不定式。enable“使能够”，enablesb to do sth“使某人能够做某事”，是固定短语，空处用动词不定式的形式，故选A。学科网（北京）股份有限公司