大学英语（二）复习题.doc

大学英语(二)复习题PartReading Comprehension Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions, each with four suggested answers. Choose the ONE you think is the best answer.Passage 1We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us dont do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.So, you have to give a speech- and youre terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank goodness, its over. Im just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again. ”Cheer up! It doesnt have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Dont talk over their heads, and dont talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.Just remember: be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to -person contact with your audience.If you follow these simple steps, youll see that you dont have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! Youre not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens. 1. The main idea of this article is _A_. A. you can improve your speaking ability B. a poor speaker can never change C. always make a short speech D. it is hard to make a speech 2. Paragraph 2 implies that _A_. A. many people are afraid of giving a speech B. many people are happy to give a speech C. many people do not prepare for a speech D. many people talk too long 3. The phrase “talk over their heads” means _D_. A. speak too loudly B. look at the ceiling C. look down upon them D. use words and ideas that are too difficult 4. All of the following statements are true except that _B_. A. few people know how to make good speeches B. a lecturer does not need to organize his speech C. research is important in preparing a speech D. there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability 5. The title for this passage may be _B_. A. Do Not Make a Long Speech B. How to Give a Good Speech C. How to Prepare for a SpeechD. Try to Enjoy a SpeechPassage TwoThere are so many different plastic cards that adults have to carry aroundlibrary cards, savings cards for different banks, credit cards, just to name a few. So why not have one to replace them all? Scott Barnhill, an 1l-year-old fifth-grade student in the US, has come up with an idea for a "Security One Card". Sound smart? The US Patent(专利) Office thought so, and it approved a patent for his idea in April. Heres an example of how Barnhills idea would work. Lets say you have the three cards mentioned above. Instead of carrying them all, you could have just one by having additional magnetic strips(磁条) added to it. The magnetic strips can be added to any plastic card, even a blank one. Companies could add their information to one of the strips. For example, you could ask a library to add a strip to your bankcard. Barnhill has a lot of hobbies, including designing websites. He got the idea at the age of 9 when he saw his father using a keycard to enter their hotel room. He thought, "The hotels are wasting money with the key cards." So, instead of using a hotel-issued key card, guests could use their credit cards-if the hotel added a special magnetic strip. At check-out, the strip would simply be removed. Now that he has his patent, his next step is a letter-writing campaign to get support from major credit card companies. "Im going to be writing letters to credit card companies to ask if they can co-operate. I hope theyll give me money every time someone puts a strip on the back of another card, or every time the idea is used, “Barnhill said.”Ill write the letters and see what they say. If they say no, Ill ask someone else, another credit card company." He is hoping to make money from his patent and has decided it would be better to collect royalties(专利使用费)if the idea takes off rather than sell his patent. "The ATM person who invented that sold it totally, and if hed chosen royalties hed get like 2 cents for every transaction (交易) and hed be a billionaire now," Scott said. 6. The advantage of “Security One Card” is that it _A_. A. could remove the burden of taking all kinds of plastics cards B. would be very safe C. could save your money D. could have a lot of magnetic strips on it 7. The immediate cause of Scotts invention was that _C_. A. he found that adults have to carry around so many plastic cards B. he realized its big waste to make so many plastic cards instead of only one C. he found even a hotel issued its own cards-keycards D. he realized it would be a good chance to make big money 8. To use a "Security One Card", _D_. A. one has to add additional magnetic strips to it oneself B. one has to pay Scott Barnhill each time a magnetic strip is added C. all the companies need to add their information to a magnetic strip by themselves D. one has to get the permission of the credit card company first 9. The underlined phrase "takes off" in the last but one paragraph probably means _B_. A. makes money B. wins a lot of support C. is worth a lot D. is practical 10. From the story, we can see Scott is _C_. A. more magic than smart B. clever but lazy C. creative, determined and wise D. far-sightedPassage ThreeThe chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago - and decided it's not for you. The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers - there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well. And finally it's a pretty safe bet that you're open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers - or you wouldn't be reading this. And those three things make you incredibly important today. Because they mean that yours is the voice - not the smoker's and not the anti-smoker's -that will determine how much of society's efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together. For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on "education " (much of it in anti-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research. There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice. But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society's interest better by working together in mutual accommodation. Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can. 11. What does the word “wall “used in the passage mean? AA) Anti-smoking propaganda.B) Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.C) Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.D) Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.12. In paragraph 4, “you " refers to BA) smokers.B) nonsmokers. C) anti-smokers.D) smokers who have quitted smoking. 13. It is evident that the author is not in favor of DA) building a wall between smokers and nonsmokers.B) doing scientific research at the expense of one's health.C) bringing smokers and nonsmokers together.D) proving accommodation for smokers.14. As is suggested, the common solution to the common problem is CA) to separate people from people.B) to work together in mutual accommodation. C) to make us more keenly aware of choice.D) to serve society's interests better. 15. According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders' actions AA) optimistically.B) pessimistically.C)unconcernedly.D) skeptically.Passage Four Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals In the past，these journals were available only in printWith the development of electronic publishing，many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet，and some journals publish only onlineA few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicineMost medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine Medical journals publish many types of articlesResearch articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatmentsReview articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular diseaseCase conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at themEditorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors，often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topicLetters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal16.The main readers of medical journals areA).the general publicB).health professionals ，C).medical criticsD).news reporters17.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) Many medical journals also publish onlineB)A few medical journals are general medical journalsC)Most medical journals publish only onlineD)Most medical journals are specialty journals18. How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?A)FiveB)SevenC)FourD)Six19. An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is calledA)a research articleB)a review articleC)a case reportD)an editorial20.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments onA)any medical eventB) articles published in the same issueC)articles published in that journalD)medical developmentPassage FiveMore and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. Its easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But its disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (诈骗) the most confidential （保密）records right under the noses of the companys executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.21. It can be concluded from the passage that _D_.A).it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB).people commit computer crimes at the request of their companyC).computer criminals escape punishment because they cant be detectedD).computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions22. It is implied in the third paragraph that _D_.A).most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luckB).the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC).most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD).many more computer crimes go undetected that are discovered23. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage? BA).A strict law against computer crimes must be enforcedB).Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputationC).Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputationD).Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information24. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? BA).With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.B).They may walk away and easily find another job.C).They will be denied access to confidential recordsD).They must leave the country to go to jail.25. The passage is mainly about _D_.A).why computer criminals are often able to escape puni