高自考大学英语(二)应试技巧及复习建议.doc

串讲第二部分 高自考大学英语（二）应试技巧及复习建议 为便于同学们更好地进行复习，并在考试中取得好成绩，现结合高自考英语（二）的考试题型，介绍应试技巧并提出复习建议，供同学们参考。近几年出题趋势的大致分析考试大纲根据英语（二）的要求和自学考试的特点设计了七种题型：词汇与结构、完型填空、阅读理解、单词拼写、词形变化、汉译英、英译汉。试题构成请看下表：序号题型名称题量分值来源性质1词汇与结构1010书内客观题2完型填空1010书内客观题3阅读理解3030书内客观题4单词拼写1010书内客观题5词形变化1010书内客观题6汉译英515书内主观题7英译汉115书外主观题   I. I.     词汇和结构选择填空题(Vocabulary and Structure) 一、题解：顾名思义，“词汇和结构”，那肯定是考查语法结构和词语用法搭配。在本题中，语法题约占一半，它主要考查关联词、介词和代词的应用。当然此题中也可能有考查动词、形容词和副词的形态变化的内容，以及词义选择方面的内容。 二、语法部分考试重点：语法要全面学习重点掌握。不仅要复习下册的语法内容，还要重点复习（上册）有关语法内容。 词法：主要考查名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词以及动词的用法：1 1 名词: 主要考查名词的数2 2 代词：重点代词的考查eitheror，neithernor 搭配 ; few, a few, little, a little 的区别；other, another, the other, others的区别；other 指另外的人或物；others 泛指别人，可与some 连用；the other 指两个中的另一个，常和one 连用；the others 表示其余所有的人或物；another 则泛指另一个。Some pupils are reading the text loudly, while other students are doing their homework.Some pupils are reading the text loudly, while others are doing their homework. Mrs. Clark has two beautiful hats. One is red, the other is blue. This suit doesnt fit me. Would you please show me another one?3 3  数词：序数词、分数的表达序数词：the first, the second, the third, the forth. 分数：三分之二 ， two thirds ；四分之三，three fourths ；one hundred ,two hundred (正)， two hundreds (误) ； hundreds of (正) ， two hundreds of （误）；4 4 形容词和副词：比较级、最高级，以及比较句式 少数形容词和副词的变化是不规则的原级比较级最高级good, well betterbestbad, badly, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittle lessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest, furthestoldolder, elderoldest, eldest  farther 与 further 都是far 的比较级和最高级，但是farther 指具体含义的“更远”， further指抽象含义的“更远”，有“进一步”的意思。 Elder 与eldest 也是old 的比较级和最高级，主要表示兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。比较结构：1). as + 形容词、副词原级+ as The tree is as tall as the building.He is as busy as before. 他还是像以前那样忙。2) as + 形容词+(a)+ 名词+ as Well give you as much help as we can. He wants to be as great a scientist as Newton. 3) 表示倍数 ： 倍数+ as + 原级+ as Fresh fruit costs twice as much as canned fruit. 新鲜水果的价钱比罐头水果贵一倍。4) not as /so + 原级+ as Im not so experienced as you think. I havent made as much progress as I should. 我没有取得应有的进步。I dont sing popular songs half so well as you. 我唱流行歌曲还没有你一半好。(not) more/less/fewer than（不）比 更no more than与同样不     5) 比较级+thanThis bed is more comfortable than the other. 这张床比那张要舒服。She goes to school earlier than the other classmates. 她上学比其他同学都早。 注意： 比较级前可加表示程度的状语，如：a little, a bit, slightly, a lot, by far, somewhat等。This room is far/ much cooler than that one. 这间屋子比那间要凉快得多。6) the +形容词比较级 ，the +形容词比较级 表示越就越 Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels. 事实上，他越忙越高兴。According to Dr. Krammer, _ people who appear in your dreams, _ you are on awakening. 99.10A. as many as happyB. the more the more happyC. the more the happierD. the most the happiest 5 5  介词： 主要掌握介词与某些其他词的固定搭配关系，考前要重点复习上册第12单元和下册第7单元的语法讲解和语法练习，书后所附的词组表也是复习的重点。常考的介词搭配如：as to, as for, substitute for, lay aside, in terms of ; result in, result from, as a result of, be concerned about / be concerned for, rely on, live on, lie in, consist of, be satisfied with, look up, in addition to, regardless of, despite, in spite of, contribute to, at least,in terms of, in accordance with, in line with, except, except for, due to, owing to, vary from to , attach to, be irrelevant to, distinguish from, 等等。 6 6 动词：主要考查动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词及情态动词。情态动词+ have done 的形式。You neednt _ him about this since he could find out for himself. 00.10A. tell B. be tellingC. have toldD. have to tell Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young mans bed; he _ heavily. 01.10A. must have drunk B. must drinkC. should drinkD. had to drink_ they began to get down to business. A. The holidays are over B. The holidays were over C. The holidays being overD. The holidays had been over 7 7 句法：重点是各种从句以及倒装句、强调句的用法。考前要重点复习上册第15、16、17、19、20单元的语法讲解例句和语法练习。主语从句：what, that 区别; 例如：It is becoming increasingly clear to policy makers _ schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community. 02.10 A. thatB. whatC. whenD. who 同位语从句：注意一般由that 引导，先行词经常为, idea, doubt, thought, fact, belief。There is no doubt _ a large number of people have benefited from heart surgery. (02.10)A. whatB. ofC. ifD. that On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order _ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices. A. whichB. what C. that D. in that Such attitudes amount to a belief _ leisure can and should be put to good use. A. which B. if C. whether D. that 定语从句：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；that, which的区别;介词+ which 的用法。Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space _Which matter has fallen and _ which nothing can escape. 2000.4 A. towards towards B. into from C. out of from D. through throughAs 引导的定语从句Such people _ you describe are rare nowadays. 02.10A. as B. that C. who D. which 状语从句：引导各种从句的关连词。主要是条件状语从句，让步状语从句，结果状语从句，原因状语从句。In that 的用法：Robots differ from automatic machines in _ after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed to do another one. 99.10,00.4A. which B. that C. how D. whetherHis name will be crossed out from the list _ he makes the same mistakes again. 01.10A. ifB. unless C. because D. though 倒装句：倒装句的几种形式_ when John came to see him. A. No sooner had he begun to work. B. He had scarcely begun to work C. Hardly had he begun to work. D. Just as he began to work强调句：注意强调句的句型。It was there, the police believe, _ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag. 01.4A. until B. whichC. thatD. when  三词汇学习要注意用法和固定搭配，特别是各类词与介词的搭配。另外，近义词、形近词的区别。动词与不同介词构成的动词短语的区别也是考试的重点。At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help _ domestic workers from abuse by their employers. A. protectB. suspect C. expect D. inspect The specific use of leisure _ from individual to individual. A. rangesB. distinguishes C. variesD. covers_ yourself to the job in hand, and youll soon finish it. A. Reply B. ImplyC. Apply D. Supply I cant _ the meaning of this poem because its too vague. A. turn out B. put out C. figure out D. look out  四本题所用的句子是根据教材中出现的句子编写的。其中70句子选自课文、课文注释或课文练习，30%选自语法讲解部分的例句或语法练习。所以必须将教材学好学通。 II完型填空题(Cloze Test) 一、题解按考纲规定，完形填空题的考查重点是语法，包括一致关系、动词时态、语态，名词的数，代词，形容词和副词的级，连词，介词等。从最近的几次考试看，完形填空题的语法重点仍在连接各种从句的关联词上，除此之外，也有一部分题是考查介词和代词的。完形填空的选择项可能是名词、动词、形容词、介词、副词或连词。 二、应试技巧完形填空是测试考生语篇理解能力和词汇运用能力的一种综合手段。做完形填空题，考生必须具有扎实的语法基础、比较牢固的词汇基础以及良好的语感。1做题步骤1)通览全篇，分文体，定结构，知大意。做完形填空题，答题的关键在于准确理解短文的大意。要做到这一点，就要分清文章的文体与行文结构本题的短文多为说明文或议论文，结构较紧凑，往往开门见山地提出主题，然后逐点说明或评议，最后小结。所以做题前应浏览全篇，重点是首段、尾段以及每段的首句、尾句。2）初选答案，理脉络，顾前后，忌恋战。在掌握文章大意的基础上，根据上下文所提供的搭配、结构、语义等线索来初选答案。初选时，要着眼空格所在的完整句子，瞻前顾后，重点解决与结构、搭配有关的小题。对于个别词汇的考题，如果一时难以抉择，不要恋战，而是继续往下进行，往往进行到下文，对前边的问题就会有了主意。3）复读全文，核答案，句通顺，意要畅。题目做完后，要通读“完形”后的全文，核查自己所选的答案能否使文章连贯，语法正确。如果你发现你所选的某个答案放在句中读起来很别扭，那么你的语感在提醒你对此答案要三思。2判断技巧做完形填空题时，在遵循以上三个步骤的同时，还要注意解题思路或技巧。1)搭配判断法根据对以往考试的分析，搭配型题目在完形填空题中占的比例最重。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句，哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。2）结构判断法结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断。完型填空题目中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完型填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有：A.转折、让步： 这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有：but, still, yet, however, though, although, no matter, in spite of ，anyway, even if, 等。B.因果关系：表原因的连词或词组有： because (of ), due to, owing to, thanks to, since, for, as, 等。表结果的词或词组有： so, therefore, then, as a result, in consequence, consequently, thus, 等。C.表示递进、补充关系： 这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述。常用的词、词组有： moreover, likewise, besides, in addition, also, too, not only but also, apart from, whats more 等。D.表示对比、比较关系：对比表示观点或事物间的差异性，比较表明观点或事物间的同一性。表示对比的词或词组有：in contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, conversely, unlike, oppositely 等。表示比较的词或词组有：like, in comparison, compare with, as, just as 等。3）词义判断法词汇型问题也是完形填空的一个考点，主要测试考生在段落语篇中把握语义连贯性的能力，提供选择的词可能是近义词、近形词也可能是随意拼凑的四个选项遇到这类题，既要联系上下文，又要具有扎实的词汇基础，有时还须根据自己的文化背景知识做出判断。III.阅读理解题(Reading Comprehension) 一、题解阅读理解题由三篇短文构成。每篇短文的平均长度，为300词左右，其难度相当于教材后半部分的课文，三篇短文共15个小题,每小题2分，共30分。从最近几次考试的命题中可以发现，阅读理解题的短文既不是纯文学的，也不是纯科技性的，而是一般性的社会、文化、经济、科普和日常生活方面的内容。对大多数考生来说，在专业上没有不能理解的内容，但由于短文大部分取自英文原文，因此在语言上存在一定的难度。阅读理解题主要测试考生：1，把握文章主题思想和大意的能力；2，对文章中的重要情节和主要事实的理解程度；3， 对文章的格调、作者的观点态度等的推理判断能力。 二、应试技巧1两种方法方法一：先看文章后做题。主要针对简单易懂的文章，时间又较充裕的情况。方法二：先看题目后读文章再做题。这种方法在时间紧、文章长的情况下更为实用，这样可以带着问题去阅读，文章中的内容与考题有关系时仔细阅读，与题目无关时，可以置之不理，很快跳过去。还有一些题目涉及一般常识或科普知识，可以在未阅读文章之前自己先行判断，在阅读时只要对自己的判断进行验证就可以了。2三个侧重除了题目本身所要求查找的细节外，阅读时一定要注意不要逐字逐句地死抠，而要有所侧重。1)侧重首段、尾段，首句、尾句。因为这些部分往往是作者所要谈及的论点、主题或中心思想，抓住了主干，那么细节问题就会迎刃而解。2)侧重语篇标志词。语篇标志词。语篇中句子和句子之间、段落和段落之间就是通过这种词语连接起来的，把握住这些词语就等于把握了句与句、段与段之间的关系，对于获取所需信息、准确答题至关重要。语篇标志词主要表示：（1）例解: 如， for instance, for example, （2） 列举(3)比较；(4) 转折和对比；(5)原因；(6) 结果；(7) 方式手段；(8) 时间；(9)地点；(10) 目的；（11）分类；（12）补充；（13）强调；（14）条件；（15）结论。3)侧重长句、难句。因为英语表达多以冗长著称，论理性很强的文章更是如此。通过较长的句子来表达复杂的思想内容，从而使文章更具有说服力。所以，我们在阅读时，必须重视长句、难句，认真分析句子，把握关键。事实上，不少问题就是针对这些长句、难句而设置的。3阅读理解题的题型1)主旨题：这类问题主要测试考生把握主题与中心思想的能力。主要形式有：a. a.    The main idea of this passage is _.b. b.    The passage mainly discusses _.c. c.    What is the passage primarily concerned about?d. d.    What is the main topic of this passage?e. e.    Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?f. f.    The best title for this passage might be _. 作者的态度、写作目的与主题和中心思想关系密切，可以看作主旨题的延伸。主要形式有：问写作目的：g.The author writes this passage mainly to _. h.The authors purpose in writing this passage is _. 问态度：i.The authors attitude towards is _.j.The tone of this passage can be described as _.2)细节题：这类问题测试考生把握文章细节的能力，主要与文中的考点相联系，如：最高级、唯一性、其他对比、数字年代、原因等。主要形式有：是非题：（三正一误或三误一正）a. a.   Which of the following is True ?b. b.   Which of the following is NOT True ?c. c.   Which of the following is Not mentioned in Paragraph ?例证题a.The author gives an example in Paragraph. mainly to show that _. 其他具体细节题a. a.   From the passage, it can be seen that . b. b.   The main reason for is _. 3)推理题 这类题主要测试考生能否在理解字面意义的基础上，根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论，进而理解文章的隐含意义和深层意义。主要形式有：g. g.    It is implied in the passage that _. h. h.    The passage implies (suggests) that _. i. i.    It can be inferred from the passage that _.j. j.    It can be concluded from the passage that _.k. k.    Form the passage we can infer (draw the conclusion) that _. 4)词义题这类问题主要测试考生使用词语搭配和根据上下文判断词义的能力。主要形式有：l. l.    The word “” in line (Paragragh). most probably means _.m. m.    In paragraph , the word “” refers to (stands for) _.n. n.    The word “” in Paragraph can be best replaced by _.词汇题考查的词汇主要是熟词僻义或生词4.猜字的几种技巧在阅读过程中，经常会遇到一些生词、难词，考试中又不允许查字典，这就需要利用猜字的技巧了。通过构词法推测词义是最常用的方法之一，下面重点介绍如何通过上下文线索来猜测词义。1)利用词根、词缀构词法2)直接定义作者在行文中有时不得不使用某些难词、偏词，为使读者理解，作者常常会在文章中直接解释该词语。作者或通过同位语，或使用定语从句加以阐明，或用冒号、破折号、括号给出，或用语篇标志词引出，这类语篇标志词有：that is (to say) ; e g；or，in other words；to put it in another way等。例如：She is bilingualIn other words，she speaks English and French equally well.（bilingual：会说两种语言的）。3)近义复述同一短文中前后两个句子、短语或单词通常有互释作用，可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词或短语相关的信息以猜测词义。例如：It is difficult to list all of my father's attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities(attribute：特质；才能).4)对比和并列表达利用上下文中的对比或并列表达猜测词义是最常用、最可靠的方法。有不少句子会在上下文中给出某个生词（尤其是偏词、难词）的同义词或反义词，运用对比或并列表达对这些生词加以提示。通过了解词与词之间的连接关系，特别是一些语篇标志词，如：however；on the other hand；nevertheless等，我们不难推断这些生词的词义。如：If you agree，write "yes"；if you dissent，write "no".(dissent：不同意)。5)根据常识有些生词看似很难，但根据语境，根据读者的经历或常识，很容易猜出词义。如果所读的材料是考生熟悉的内容或在自己专业知识范围内，生词就更易化解了。其实，猜词的方法并不限于以上这些，大家在阅读中要多动脑筋，善于总结，还能总结出一些更适合白己的技巧和方法来。  IV单词汉译英(Word Spelling)