英语倒装句(最全面-最简洁)(共4页).doc
精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后(主语+谓语)。把谓语动词放在主语之前(谓语+主语),就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。基本语序(natural order):主语+谓语+宾语(subject + predicate+ object)I love English.完全倒装 (full inversion)谓语+主语Here came the headmaster.部分倒装 (partial inversion)助动词/情态动词+ 主语 + 动词Nerve will I forgive you.一、完全倒装1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.例题:_ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; at B. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; at2 (1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。 句式:副词vi名词主语 “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语" 结构。 Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.Now comes your turn.如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变,不用倒装。如:Here you are. There she comes. (2).表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:In came Mr. White.Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy.题:There _. And here _.A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she 3.当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。 句式:介词短语vi主语(必须是名词) 如:At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 注意:在上述句子中,如果主语为人称代词,则主、谓不需要倒装。 In he came and back he went again. 4."分词(代词) + be + 主语"结构。Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.Such was the story he told me.题:_, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits. A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was soD. So was Einstein _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going5,某些表语位于句首,保持句子平衡,以强调表语. 句式:表语系动词主语(必须是名词) 1)表语为介词短语Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.2)表语为形容词Present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests.3)表语为过去分词Seated on the ground are a group of young people.4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词 Lying on the floor was a boy.Standing beside the desk was a teacher.二、部分倒装 部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。 1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少,不常), rarely(很少,罕有), hardly, scarcely(几乎不,简直没有), no sooner(立即), by no means(决不) ,not only, in no way(决不), at no time, few, not, no等, 句式: “否定词/词组助动词/情态动词/be动词主语其他”。 Not until+从句/时间状语+主句(部分倒装)。 No sooner had sb done than;Hardly/scarcely had sb done when 刚刚就 Not only+分句(部分倒装)but also+分句(不倒装) 注意:not only置于句首but(also)部分不倒装, 1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived atB. had I arrivedC. had I reachedD. I had got to2) Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seenC. never have I seen D. I have seen3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do2. Only + 状语(副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句),位于句首 ,要部分倒装。 Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)注意: 在only状语从句主句结构中,主句倒装, 但从句用正常语序。only修饰主语,不倒装。 3. so或so引导的短语放在句首,前半部分倒装。I saw the film, so did she.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.1) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A. so did CharlieB. Charlie did so C. Charlie does soD. did Charlie so2) So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly. A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could4. "Not only + 分句,but also + 分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。但not only.but also.连接主语时,不倒装。如: Not only the mother but also the children are sick.如: _ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong. A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was5、as/ though (虽然,尽管)引导的让步状语从句。句式:名词形容词副词动词分词+asthough+主语+其他如:Although I am ugly, I am gentle.Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Though he is a child, he has to make a living.Child as he is, he has to make a living.注意:从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词6.用于So/neither (nor) + be ( have, 助动词或情态动词) + 主语+其他的句子表示两人的同样一个情况时,只能表示一件事,即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is with/It is the same withHe has been to Beijing. So have I. Tom cant answer the question. Neither /Nor can I . So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也是如此Nor/neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也不是如此So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词某人确实如此如:I have never been to Guangzhou University, neither/ nor has he. 我从来没有去过广州大学,他也是7.在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。 (1)If I were you, I would work hard.Were I you, I would work hard. (2) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting.Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting注意:我们可以说Were it not.或者Had it not been., 但不可以说Weren t it. 或者hadnt it been.8.句首是表频率的副词及短语(often, well, many a time, now and again, once a week, now and then, every other day 等) 开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如: Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.题: Many a time _ swimming alone. A. the boy wentB. went the boy C. did the boy goD. did go the boy9,在某些表示祝愿的句型中如:May you all be happy. Long live China!巧记倒装句在带有倒装句的复合句(或并列句)中,到底应在何处倒装,下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。 NB前倒后不, O,NU主倒从不倒, 2N前倒后也倒, NM前后均不倒。l NB代表Not only,but also引导的并列句。 not only位于句首时,所引导的前面的分句倒装,后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。l 如:1)Not only did he come,but also he was very happy 2)Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ,but also his German citizenship(was taken away)O代表only状语从句;NU代表Not until状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时,倒装主句而不倒装从句,即:“主倒从不倒”。如:1)Only when he told me did I know it 2)Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wastedNo soonerthan,HardlyScarcelywhen等句型也属此类用法。如:No sooner(Hardly) had we reached home than(when)it began to rain2N代表Neithernor所引导的并列句。2N若位于两分句之首,则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒”。如:Neither do I know her name,nor does he.NM即No matter引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒”。如:No matter how busy he is,he always comes to help us专心-专注-专业