轮机英语会话评估问答题翻译.doc

D轮机英语会话评估问答题参考答案第一章1. How long have you worked on board?(你在船上工作多长时间了？） (For 5 years.)五年了2. Which certificate do you have now?（你现在持有什么证书？）(2nd Engineer certificate.)大管证书3. What is your marital status? （你的婚姻状况是什么？） How many departments are there on board?（船上有多少个部门？）(I am unmarried. There are three departments on board. Such as engine, deck and service departments.)我未婚。船上有三个部门，即甲板部、轮机部和服务部。 4. How many people are there in your family? Are you married?（你家里有几口人？你结婚了吗？） (Three. No, Im not married.)三口，未婚5. How many countries have you ever been to?（你曾经去过多少个国家？）(Four. Such as Japan ,America,Canada.)四个，例如日本，美国，加拿大等等6. When did you begin to work on board? What kind of ship have you worked on?(你什么时候开始上船工作的？你在哪些类型的船上工作过？） (In 1999. Cargo ship.)1999年，货船7. How many important canals are there all over the world?（世界上有几大重要的运河？） (Two. the Panama and Suez.)两大运河，巴拿马和苏伊士运河8. Can you tell me what is the most important thing for a seafarer?（能不能告诉我对于一个船员来说最重要的事情是什么吗？） (Safety. Safety first)安全，安全第一9. What kinds of main engine and generator engine have you worked on?（你工作过的主机和发电机是什么类型的？） (Main engine: Sulzer, Man B & W engines and so on. Generator engine: Yama, Watsila Diesel and so on.)主机：苏尔寿，Man B &W 主机等等，辅机：雅玛，瓦锡兰等等10. Which classification society is your ship registered with?你们的船在哪个船级社登记注册的？）(CCS.)中国船级社11. Have you worked any ship that caused damage in critical equipment?（你工作过的船发生过重大机损吗？） (Yes, I have worked on a cargo ship that the main engine had been damaged.)No, I served my job cautiously.是的，我工作过的货船主机损坏过12. How do you make your maintenance schedules?（如何制定你们的维修保养计划？） (It is based on ships planed maintenance system and the machinery running hours records.)（它基于船舶计划维护保养体系和机器机械的运转时间记录）13. Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?（你能列举有关海运的国际公约吗？）(STCW, SOLAS, MARPOL, ISM Code and so on.)14. Could you tell the usages of the STCW convention?（你能谈谈STCW公约的用途吗？）(To provide standards of training, certification and watch keeping for seafarers.)（提供船员培训、发证和值班标准的国际公约。）15. What is the purpose of Classification Society? Could you list some of them?（船级社的目的是什么？能不能列举一些船级社？）(To ensure safety of ship and human life, and prevent pollution of the environment. CCS, ABS, NK, DNV and so on.)（确保船舶以及人命安全，防止环境污染）16. Could you list different kinds of ship's surveys?（你能列举不同种类的船舶检验吗？）(Annual survey, docking survey, special survey, etc.)(年检，坞检，特别检验等等）17. What does UMS stand for? Have you served UMS?（UMS代表什么？你在UMS船上干过吗?)(Unattended Machinery Space. Yes.)(无人机舱）18. Have you even experienced PSC inspection? Where and when was your last inspection?（你经历过PSC检查吗？上次检查在哪里什么时候检查的？）(Yes. Last year, in Qingdao)是的，去年，在青岛19. What should be paid attention to in the overhaul of a cylinder?（在气缸大修过程中应该注意什么？） (Every operation must be complied with the precaution measures regulated in the SMS.)（每次操作必须符合SMS规定的预防措施）20. Before entering an enclosed space such as ballast tank, what action will you take?（进入封闭空间例如压载舱之前，将要采取什么措施？） (Check the content of oxygen and ventilation.)（检查氧气含量和通风情况）21. Please tell me the minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of the workers in an enclosed space.（为了在封闭空间工人的安全，请告诉我最低安全氧气百分比是多少？） (18%.)第二章1. Please introduce one type of the main engine.请介绍一种主机类型 (The main engine is large bore two-stroke crosshead type with turbo charging system.)大缸径二冲程十字头型带有涡轮增压系统的主机2. Please introduce fuel injection process of electronically controlled main engine.（请介绍电控主机的燃油喷射过程。） (The electronics control of fuel injection improves low-load operation engine speeding up, giving better engine balance and load control.)电控主机的燃油喷射提高了发动机低负载运行时的加速，更好地平衡发动机和负载控制。3. Please introduce dual fuel technology of main engine.（请介绍主机的双燃料技术。） (This kind of main engine can burn both natural gas and fuel oil used in large medium speed engine.)这种主机可以燃烧用在大型中速柴油机上的天然气和燃油。4. Why is the two-stroke engine widely used on board ship?（为什么二冲程柴油机广泛应用于船上？）2 (Because of its long life, lower cost and reliability.) 因为它寿命长、费用低、和可靠性好5. Why is the air exchanging quality of four-stroke engine more than that of two-stroke engine?（为什么四冲程柴油机的换气质量比二冲程的要好？）(Four-stroke engine has an enough overlap between inlet v/v opening and exhaust v/v closing.)（四冲程柴油机中，进气阀打开和排气阀关闭之间有足够的气阀重叠期。）6. Please introduce three moving parts of marine diesel engine.（请介绍船用主机的3个运动部件。）(Piston, crankshaft, connecting rod.)活塞，曲轴，连杆7. What's the sequence of the four strokes?（四个冲程的顺序依次是什么？）(Suction, compression, expansion and exhaust.)吸气，压缩，膨胀和排气8. Please introduce four fixing parts of marine diesel engine.（请介绍船用主机的4个固定部件。） (Bedplate, cylinder block, cylinder cover and frame.)机座，气缸体，气缸盖和机架9. What is called a working cycle of diesel engine?（什么称为柴油机的一个工作循环？）(The operation between two injections.)两次喷射之间的操作叫做一个工作循环10. What is the foundation of diesel engine?（柴油机的底座是什么？）(Bedplate.)机座11. What are the function and feature of the tie rods?（贯穿螺栓的作用和特点是什么？）(To hold the bedplate, frames and cylinder block together. Long and good tensioning strength.)作用是把机座，机架和气缸体三者连接在一起。特点是具有长并且好的张力12. What is the function of the governor?（调速器的作用是什么？）(To control the engine speed.)控制发动机的速度13. What is the feature of the governor?（调速器的特点是什么？） (Instantaneous speed, regulating speed fluctuation, compensation, and so on.)瞬时速度，调节速度变化，补偿等等14. What is used for connecting the piston rod and connecting rod?（什么用来连接活塞杆和连杆？）(Crosshead.)十字头15. What is used for sealing between the crankcase and scavenging air box?（曲柄箱和扫气箱之间的密封是通过什么实现的？）(Piston rod stuffing box.)活塞缸填料函16. What are the two types of the cooling system?（冷却系统地两种类型是什么？）(The closed cooling system and the open cooling system.)闭式冷却系统和开式冷却系统17. What's the function of the head tank in the cooling water system?（冷却系统中高置水箱的作用是什么？）(For expansion of water and water make-up.)膨胀和补水18. Please introduce the open cooling system.（请介绍一下开式冷却系统。） (Open cooling system use similar elements with closed system except that a drain tank is used instead of a head tank.)开式冷却系统与闭式冷却系统使用相似的元件，但是开式冷却系统用泄放柜代替了高置水柜19. Please introduce the close cooling system.（请介绍一下闭式冷却系统。） (Closed cooling system has the engine jacket heat exchanger and circulating pump to form a continuous circuit with a head tank open to atmosphere.)闭式冷却系统让缸套热交换器和循环泵形成了一个连续的回路，同时还带有一个通向大气的高置水柜20. Please introduce the central cooling system.（请介绍一下中央冷却系统。） (Central cooling system is based on same design principles with conventional sea water cooling system but with a central cooler and one additional set of pump)中央冷却系统与传统的冷却系统基于相同的设计原理，除了带有中央冷却器和一套额外的泵21. What's the advantage of the central cooling water system?(中央冷却系统的优点是什么？）(The corrosion problems are greatly reduced.)腐蚀问题被大大地降低22. How to control fuel oil viscosity of main engine?(如何控制燃油的粘度？） (By controlling the oil temperature.)通过控制燃油的温度23. Please introduce two sub-systems of the fuel oil system.（请介绍一下燃油系统的两个子系统）(They are fuel supply and fuel injection systems.)燃油供应和燃油喷射系统24. Please speak out the function of the fuel oil viscosity regulator.（请说出燃油粘度调节器的作用) (Controlling the oil temperature.)控制燃油的温度25. How does the fuel oil viscosity regulator work?(燃油粘度调节器是如何工作的？） (By controlling and adjusting the fuel oils temperature.)通过控制和调节燃油的温度26. Please tell at least three composition of fuel oil.（说出燃油至少3种成分） (Sulphur, carbon, hydrogen, sodium and so on)硫，碳，氢，钠等等27. Please name at least three of main factors to select a fuel oil.（请列举出选择燃油时应考虑的至少3个主要因素） (Viscosity, water content, flash point, setting point, calorific value and so on.)粘度，水分，闪点，凝点，热值等等28. What is the usual coolant in the marine diesel engine?（船舶柴油机最常用的冷却剂是什么？）(Fresh water.)淡水29. Why sea water is not used directly as a coolant in diesel engine?（为什么海水不能直接做为柴油机的冷却剂？）(Because it is corrosive.)因为它有腐蚀性30. What's the advantage of oil-cooling piston?（油冷活塞的优点是什么？）(Leaking into crankcase will not cause problems.)泄漏到曲柄箱不会引起污染问题31. What's the disadvantage of water-cooling piston?（水冷活塞的缺点是什么？） (Cooling water leakage can pollute the lube oil.)冷却水泄漏能污染滑油32. What's the function of the lubricating oil in main engine?（主机中的滑油的作用是什么？）(To reduce friction, remove heat, neutralize acid conditions, wash away wear detritus and so on.)减少摩擦，移除热量，中和酸性状况，冲走磨屑等等33. How do you clean the lube oil filters?（你怎样清洁滑油滤器？） (By washing with diesel oil) 用柴油清洗34. When do you clean the fuel oil filters?（你什么时候清洗燃油滤器？） (When the filter is clogged by impurities.)当滤器被杂质堵住的时候35. Why must the cylinder oil have alkalinity?（为什么气缸油必须具有碱性？）(To neutralize acid conditions.)中和酸性状况36. Whats the function of the cylinder oil?（气缸油的作用是什么？） (Lubrication, sealing and removing heat.)润滑，密封和移除热量37. How do you start the air compressor?（你怎样启动空压机？） (Unload starting.)卸载启动38. What do you pay attention to when you stand by engine?（备车的时候你应该注意什么？） (Check various pressure and temperatures,warm up the engine, turn the engine with turning gear and so on.)检查各种各样的压力和温度，暖机，用盘车机盘车等等39. Do you know the reasons why the engine does not start on air?（你知道发动机空气启动失败的原因是什么吗？） (Too low starting air pressure, incorrect timing of starting air valve, and so on.)起动空气压力太低，起动空气阀定时错误等等40. What should you periodically do for the air reservoir?（你定期对空气瓶做哪些保养？） (Drain oily water.)泄放油污水41. Whats the function of gas exchange in diesel engine?（柴油机换气的作用是什么？） (Supplying fresh air and removing exhaust gases.)提供新鲜空气移除废气42. Whats the function of supercharging in diesel engine?（柴油机增压的作用是什么？） (To increase output power.)增加输出功率43. How do you operate the main engine in cold weather?（在寒冷天气下你如何操作主机？） (To warm up the main engine first.)首先暖机44. How do you heat the main engine?（你如何对主机暖机？） (By circulating the cooling water which is heated to proper temperature.)通过循环加热到合适温度的冷却水来暖机45. How do you change diesel oil into fuel oil?（如何把柴油换到燃油？） (Diesel oil heated to proper temperature and open the fuel oil valve.)柴油加热到合适的温度，打开燃油阀46. How do you change fuel oil into diesel oil?（如何把燃油换到柴油？） (Shut the steam valve; decrease the fuel oil temperature, open diesel oil valve.)关闭蒸汽阀，降低燃油的温度，打开柴油阀47. What is the function of the turning gear?（盘车机的作用是什么？）(To turn the main engine.)转动主机（盘车）48. How do you measure the clearance of the main bearings?（你如何测量主轴承的间隙？）(By means of lead wire.)通过压铅丝49. How do you measure the crank deflection of the main engine?（你如何测量主机的拐挡差？） (By means of crank deflection gauge.)通过拐档表50. Do you know why the diesel engine exhausts black smoke?（你知道主机为什么冒黑烟吗？）(Troubles in the fuel injection system, such as bad fuel oil quality, poor fuel atomization.)燃油喷射系统出故障了，例如燃油质量不好，雾化不良等等51. Do you know why the diesel engine exhausts blue smoke?（你知道主机为什么冒蓝烟吗？） (Lube oil leaks into the combustion chamber.)滑油泄漏到燃烧室了52. Do you know why the diesel engine exhausts yellow smoke?（你知道主机为什么冒黄烟吗？） (Maybe the fuel oil contains excessive sulphur.)可能燃油含有过多的硫分53. Do you know why the diesel engine exhausts white smoke?（你知道主机为什么冒白烟吗？） (Maybe fresh water leaks.)可能淡水泄漏54. What is the function of the steering gear?（舵机的作用）(To control the ships course.)控制船舶航向55. What does CPP stand for?（CPP代表什么？）(Controllable pitch propeller.)可控螺距螺旋桨56. What does VIT stand for?（VIT代表什么？）(Variable injection timing)可变喷射定时57. Whats the type of the freshwater generator?（造水机是什么类型？）（Flash evaporator and vacuum boiling evaporator ）闪发式和真空沸腾式58. Whats the type of the fuel oil separator?（燃油分油机是什么类型？） (centrifugal.)离心式59. Whats the function of the fuel oil separator?（燃油分油机的作用是什么？） (Remove water and impurities.)移除水和杂质60. Whats the type of the oily water separator?（油水分离器是什么类型？） (Gravity filtration and absorption)重力式过滤式吸附式61. Whats the function of the oily water separator?（油水分离器的作用是什么？） (To prevent oil-pollution to the sea.)防止对海洋造成油污染62. Whats the function of the incinerator?（焚烧炉的作用是什么？） (Burning the oil sludge and solid waste.)焚烧油渣和固体废弃物63. What is the oil content limit when pumping out the bilge?（当泵出舱底水的时候，含油量的限制是多少？）(15 ppm.)百万分之十五64. What is the hot work?（热作业是指什么？）(Gas welding, electric welding and so on.)气焊，电焊等等65. Why do you often carry out the water treatment for the boiler?（为什么经常对锅炉水进行处理？）(To avoid corrosion and scale.)避免腐蚀和结垢66. What boiler is used on a motor ship at sea?（采用柴油机作为动力装置的船舶在海上航行的时候使用什么锅炉？）Exhaust gas boiler 废气锅炉67. What boiler is used on a motor ship in port?（采用柴油机作为动力装置的船舶在港内的时候使用什么锅炉？）Donkey boiler 辅锅炉68. How do you decide to overhaul the main engine generally?(你通常怎样决定对主机进行检修？） (According to specific working condition and requirement of instruction book.)根据具体的工作状况和说明书的要求69. What is the function of the soot-blower?（吹灰器的作用？）(To blow away soot and products of combustion from the tube surfaces.)吹去管子表面的灰和燃烧产物70. How do you grind the valve plate of air compressor?（你如何研磨空压机的阀片？） (Grind it in the path of “8” shape.)八字形研磨71. What is used to connect a diesel engine and a generator?（用什么连接柴油机和发电机？）(Coupling.)联轴节72. What type is the most common marine refrigeration?（最常用的船舶制冷装置是什么类型？）(Compression refrigeration.)压缩制冷73. Please introduce four components required for a compression refrigeration system.（请介绍压缩制冷系统所需的4个组成部件？）(Compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion valve.)压缩机，冷凝器，蒸发器和膨胀阀74. How do you fill Freon 22 into the refrigeration system?（你如何向制冷系统中添加制冷剂氟氯昂22？） (Through the special passage for Freon 22.)通过氟利昂22的专用通道75. Why does the refrigerating compressor start and stop frequently?（为什么制冷压缩机启停频繁？）(Because of leaking liquid line, lack of refrigerant, dirty or iced evaporator and so on.)因为液管泄漏，缺少制冷剂，蒸发器脏或者结冰等等76. What equipment is used to handle the anchors?（用什么设备来处理锚？）(Windlass.)锚机77. Please name at least three items of deck machinery.（请列举至少3种甲板机械？）(Mooring winches, cranes, windlass, and so on 绞缆机，克令吊，锚机等等78. How do you drain off air of the injection pump?（怎样泄放掉喷油泵里的空气？） (By using vent cock.)通过使用放气旋塞79. How do you clean the disc of an oil separator?（如何清洁分油机的分离盘？）(With disc cleaner.)用分离盘清洁剂80. What should be prepared before disassembly of cylinder for main engine / auxiliary engine?（在拆卸主机和副机气缸的时候你应该做什么准备工作？） (Special tools and spare parts, draining off the residual oil and water.)专用工具和备件，泄放残油和水81. How do you manage sewage?（如何管理生活污水？） (Drop in sterilized medicine regularly, keeps the blower in constant working.)定期投药，保持鼓风机连续工作第三章1. What may happen if the communication between the engine room and the bridge fails?（如果机舱和驾驶台通讯失败，将会发生什么情况？） (The ship will be in danger.)船舶将会处于危险之中2. When do you need to communicate with the bridge?（你什么时候需要和驾驶台通讯？） (When the engine room has any trouble or standby engine.)当机舱出现故障或者备车的时候3. What methods and ways can be used to communicate with the bridge?（用什么方法和方式和驾驶台通讯？） (Telephone and telegraph.)电话和车钟4. Why do you think the records of the communication should be maintained?（你为什么认为应该保存通讯记录？）