最新大学英语第三册unit6读写PPT课件.ppt

大学英语第三册大学英语第三册unit6unit6读写读写what natural disasters have you heard of FloodDontBeAfraidofEarthquakesSomepartsoftheeartharemorelikelytohavequakesthanothers.Thisisusuallytrueofmountainousareas,becausetherethe1)_ofrocks,whichmakeuptheearthscrust,isnoteven.Itiseasytounderstandwhypeopleareso2)_byearthquakes.Peopleusedtothinkthatwhentherewasanearthquake,thegroundopened,3)_greatnumbersofpeople,andthenclosed.Thosewhowerekilled4)_forever,peoplethought.Nowweknowthisdoesnothappen.Whatweneedtofearmostaretheafter-effectsofaseriousearthquake:fires,5)_,andlandslides.Butifwerecareful,wedontreallyneedtobeafraidofthedanger.SincetheYellowstoneearthquake,somepeoplehavesaidthattheywouldnever6)_thatarea.Theysaidtheywereafraidofbeingcaughtina7)_occurringaftertheearthquake.Thisisactuallyafoolishidea.Suchafearwould8)_Eventhoughearthquakeshappeneveryday,9)_.Wecanrealizegratefullythat10)_.Atthesametimewecanunderstandtheneedofbeingreadytohelpthosewhodosuffersuchtrouble.thicknessfrightenedswalloweddisappearedfloodsrevisitlandslidemountains the rest of our liveskeep us away fromsomething like the Yellowstone earthquake does not happen very oftenfew of us will suffer because of such a disaster如何应对复合式听写？一、关于前七空：前七空的单词的出题标准很简单，即能够听懂，但是很容易写错。例如97年的typical被大部分人写成tipical,describe被大部分人写成discribe，2001年的environmental,很多人会忘记写n总之，拼写总能够让你把貌似简单的单词弄错。破解之道：那些你总也背不会的，或者能够听懂，但总写错的单词，请把它们单独记录在一个本子上，随时增加，随时复习，解决一个是一个。另外，前七空的单词也会涉及单复数、时态、语态等多种变化。此类变化完全属于语法技巧，和听力基本脱钩，所以，建议考生一定在填写单词时注意单词前方的词汇和语句信息，这样就能够避免低级错误出现。二、关于后三空：对于后三空，强烈建议大家，请不要听到什么就写什么，而按照考试要求的第二种方式，即按照自己的话把要点写下来进行填写。为什么？纵观历年复合式听写，难度越来越大。事实上，除了97年和98年的句子听写还能够勉强让少数同学做到听到什么就写什么，其余几次听写，由于难度加大，此举只能够让你“提前结束战斗”。如果不信，请看：2003年1月听写第八句：Whenyouconsiderthatequalaquarteroftheworldcatch,youbegintoseethesizeoftheproblem。2004年6月听写第九句：ThelibraryprovidesbooksandmaterialstotheUScongressandalsolendsbookstootherAmericanlibraries,governmentagenciesandforeignlibraries.对于以上两句，尤其是第二句，很多人都需要看一分钟或以上时间才能够弄明白句意，那么听三遍（还未必听懂）之后，就准确写出全部句子，这基本上属于不可能。如何按照自己的语言写下来呢？两个方向：由长到短，由难到易。就像当你在填写句子时听到immediately这个词你会写成atonce,听到journey会写成trip一样，句子的转变也是一个道理。即在保持句子主要含义的情况下，长句子变短，难句子变易。方式一：名词转代即，将听到的复杂名次尽量向代词过渡以此节省拼写时间，减少拼写错误。例如，Michael,直接变成he,而Alexander则可以为she,若听到MichaelandAlexander,则变成they.复杂一些的：Iusedtostudyinthatuniversity.可以变成：Istudiedthere.最典型的案例就是98年1月的第8句，原句的后半句为：becausealloftheequipmentsweretoobigforthethenfive-yearoldstudent,按照此方式，句子瞬间简化成：Becausetheequipmentswerebigforhim.(thethenfive-yearoldstudent用him代替)方式二：修饰从无即，将句子中不影响句意的状语等修饰成分尽量删减。例如,thetrainissomewhatbehindschedule可以改为：Thetrainislate.(somewhat就是明显不影响句意的修饰成分)如何按照自己的语言写下来呢？方式三：句式转换即，尽量将英文喜欢使用句子形式转化为中文长见的句式。例如97年6月的第10句：thebabywaitedtoarriveuntilwegottothehospital.综合全文的意思，此句的含义是：直到我们到医院，孩子才生下来。而按照国人的英语习惯，这句话明显可以写成，thebabywasbornwhenwearrived.这样，对于until句式的不熟悉感就能够瞬间转化了。另外，英文十分喜欢使用被动句式，这和中文恰恰相反，所以，被动句转为主动句，也会给考生带来一些便利。以上三种方式的核心就是为了达到“由长到短，由难到易”的做题结果。所以，在正式考试的时候，考生若能够基本听懂，那么在此基础上进行变化一定会使整体的听写难度降低。所以，建议大家，千万不要在句子听写阶段出现慌张、焦虑的情绪，无论如何，尽量以听懂为保证，否则，即便写出，也是枉然。关于听写的时间安排1、第一遍，单词部分尽量写出首字母一个或两个。以减少第二遍的负担。句子部分，尽量确定主语和谓语。2、第二遍，单词部分填写完整。句子部分，用自己的语言结构出主要含义。3、第三遍，检查单词部分。完善句子部分。做复合式听写时的心态前面七个，是单个的单词，你可以根据句子的意思，在听的时候不要紧张，尽量写，不会就只能放弃了，不要灰心或者说失去信心以免影响后面的听力.集中精力做下面的题。最后三个说句子，你要根据整个文章的主旨来，努力听出句子想要表达的说什么意思，写出几个关键词，甚至用拼音代替都可以，重点就是记住句子的意思，四级考试不要求你写的和答案一样，意思对即可.最总要的还是要冷静，不要紧张，全面分析.之前最好多练练，找到感觉熟悉方法EarthquakesAnearthquakeistheresultofasuddenreleaseofenergyintheEarthscrustthatcreatesseismicwaves.Earthquakesarerecordedwithaseismometer.Earthquakeswithmagnitude3orloweraremostlyimperceptible(wemaynotfeelit),butearthquakeswithmagnitude7cancauseseriousdamageoverlargeareas.Changs seismograghSevere earthquakes happened in ChinaTheTangshanearthquakeof1976:Tangshan Peoples Bank-a Tangshan Peoples Bank-a four-storey concrete and brick four-storey concrete and brick building-collapsed completely building-collapsed completely during the earthquake.during the earthquake.The Chengli Bridge in The Chengli Bridge in Tangshan Tangshan crumpled during during the earthquake.the earthquake.therescuerweresavingtherescuerweresavingthechildrenwhohavethechildrenwhohavesufferedfromwenchuansufferedfromwenchuanearthquakearthquak manypeoplefromdifferentplacegottogethertoholdamemorialceremonyforthedeadSevere earthquakes happened in ChinaTheWenchuanearthquakeof2008:Thelittlechildissopitifulthatweallfeltsadyushu,comeon!weareprayingforyouandwewillalwaysbewithyouSevere earthquakes happened in ChinaTheYushuearthquakeof2010:Seismic hazard （地震危害性）Earthquakes are among the most powerful events on earth,and their results can be terrifying.A severe earthquake may release energy 10,000 times as great as the first atomic bomb.uproot trees and knock off buildingsmake the rivers change their coursesmake the transportation system break downcause power line failurescause loss of life and propertytrigger landslides,flooding and tsunamismay cause infective deseasesEarthquake safetyIf you are indoors:1.Drop,cover and hold on.Get under a table or bench,hold on to one of the legs and close your eyes.2.If there is no table or bench,sit against a wall away from things that may fall on you,away from heavy furnitures.if you are outside:1.stay ouside and move away from buildings,trees,lights and power lines.2.crouch down and cover your head.Earthquake safetywaitinyoursafetyspotuntiltheshakingstopsandchecktoseeifyouareinjured.Theremaybeaftershocks-smallerearthquakesquietsoonafter.Sobepreparedtoreturntoyoursafetyspot.To prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.To prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.Even if prediction becomes possible,people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improving building structures and by being personally prepared.StructureoftextStructureoftextTo predict when an earthquake is going to happendetect:vt.察觉，发现；探测Thedentistcoulddetectnosignofdecayinherteeth.牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的迹象。相关词语detectionn.察觉，发现；探测detective(1)n.侦探(2)adj.侦探的experimental:adj.实验的，用作实验的，根据实验的Themedicineisstillattheexperimentalstage.这种药现还处于试验阶段。相关词语experimentn.实验datan.资料；信息资料；信息【语法用法】data是datumdeitm（数据，资料）的复数形式，但datum现如今都不常使用了，人们习惯用data，即使是表示单数时，也是用oneofthedata的表达方式。Howmuchdatacanwestoreononedisk?一张电脑磁盘可储存多少资料？withstand:vt.经受，承受，顶住Theenemycouldntwithstandourattack.敌人抵御不住我军的进攻。weldvt.焊接焊接Thedoorwassheetmetalweldedontotheframeofiron.门是焊接在一个铁框上的金属薄板。joint:(1)n.接头，接缝，接合处；关节(2)adj.共有的，联合的(1)Ourarmsandlegsbendatjoints.我们的胳膊和腿在关节处弯曲。(2)Mr.Jonesandhistwosonsarethejointownersofthebusiness.琼斯先生和他的两个儿子是这家商店的共有者。horizontal:adj.与地平线平行的，平的，水平的Onamaptherearehorizontallinesandverticallines.地图上有水平线和垂直线。相关词语horizonhraznn.地平线；人的知识、经验、兴趣的限度或范围，眼界beamn.1.梁；横梁梁；横梁2.光线；光束光线；光束Thesittingroomhadexposedwoodenbeamsandalargefireplace.客厅里有几根裸木横梁和一个很大的壁炉。Icouldseethebeamofhistorchwavingaroundinthedark.我能够看见他的手电筒的光在黑暗中四下晃动。vertical:adj.垂直的，竖的，立式的Wallsareusuallyvertical.墙通常是垂直的。pillarn.1.柱子；柱状物柱子；柱状物2.顶梁柱；骨干顶梁柱；骨干与与pillow枕头枕头相区别相区别Concretepillarssupportthebridge.水泥柱支撑着大桥。Fannyisapillarofthechessclub.范妮是象棋俱乐部的核心人物。IBMsthreepillarsofbusinesswisdomareservice,people,andperfection.IBM的三大经营支柱是服务、员工和追求完美的精神。enclose:vt.(1)围住，包住(2)附寄(1)Thefootballfieldisenclosedbyawall.足球场被一道墙围了起来。(2)Iencloseacheckfor$400.我附上一张400美元的支票。fasten:vt.使牢固，使固定(1)Shefastened(up)hercoat.她把外衣扣紧。(2)Fastenyourseatbelts!请系上安全带！accidentala.偶然的；意外的偶然的；意外的Areyouinsuredagainstaccidentaldamagetoyourproperty?你参加了财产意外损伤保险了吗？region地区，区域1.area是这组词中用得最广的，表示的“地区”可大可小，但通常不指行政分区：Ifindthepeopleinthisareaveryfriendly.我发现这个地方的人很友好。2.region通常指较大的地区，它既可以表示一个国家的行政分区，也可以指非行政分区：Italyisdividedinto20regions.意大利被分为20个行政区。其它用例：theArcticregion北极地区/incountryregions在农村地区/afarawayregion遥远的地区/anoilregion石油产区/aforestregion林区3.district指相对于region稍小的地区，通常指一个国家或城市的行政分区，有时也指非行政分区：ThelettersSW1standforapostaldistrictofLondon.SW1这几个字母代表伦敦的邮政分区。/ThebusiestshoppingdistrictinBeijingisaroundWangfujingStreet.北京最热闹的商业区是王府井大街一带。extinguishvt.(1)使熄灭，扑灭(2)使（希望、爱情、感情等）破灭与与distinguishv.区别区别相区别相区别Hisbehaviorextinguishedthelasttracesofaffectionshehadforhim.他的这种行为使她对他的最后一丝爱慕之情荡然无存。相关词语extinguisher:n.灭火器handya.手边的手边的Alwayskeepafirst-aidkithandy.身边常备一个急救箱。portable:adj.轻便的，便携的，手提式的aportablebook-computer便携式笔记本电脑chaos:n.混乱，无秩序Theschoolwasinchaosafterthefire.那个学校火灾之后一片混乱。sensible:adj.明智的，合情理的Hewassensibleenoughtomindhisownbusiness.他很明智，不管别人的闲事。形近词汇：sensitiveadj.(+to)敏感的probabilitypossibilityprobability和possibility都可以表示可能性，但是前者相对而言描述的更专业一些，可以表示事件发生的概率，而后者仅仅是感官上认为的可能，除了一些固定短语不能互换以外，比如inallprobability（十有八九，很有可能），多数情况可以等同，两者的考点基本也只限于上inallprobability等固定短语上accuracy:n.精确（性），准确（性）Noonedoubtstheaccuracyofthesefigures.没有人怀疑这些数字的准确性。相关词汇：accurateadj.精确的，准确的predictionn.预测；预言预测；预言apredictionofcatastrophe对大灾难的预言Thegovernmentmaintaineditspredictionthatinflationwillholdto8.5%thisyear.政府坚持其对于今年通货膨胀将会保持在8.5%的这一预测。occurrence:n.(1)发生的事情，事件(2)发生，出现aneverydayoccurrence每天发生的事相关词语：occurv.发生resistant:adj.(+to)抵抗的，对抗的Thetransplantedseedlingsareresistanttocoldweather.移植的秧苗具有抗寒能力。相关词语：resistancen.抵抗，对抗resistv.抵抗，抵制precaution:n.预防(措施)；警惕,防范Hetooktheprecautionoflockinghisdoorwhenhewentout.当他外出的时候谨慎地锁上门。relateda.有关系的有关系的Thefallinthecostoflivingisdirectlyrelatedtothedropintheoilprice.生活费用下降直接与石油价格下跌有关。besides:(1)prep.除除之外（还有）之外（还有）(2)adv.而而且，此外且，此外(1)Besidesmilkandcheese,weneedvegetables.除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。菜。(2)Idontwanttocomeoutnow,andbesides,Imustwork.我现在不想出去，而且我我现在不想出去，而且我还得工作。还得工作。近义词汇近义词汇inadditionto除除之外（还有）之外（还有）inaddition而且，此外而且，此外if/when/wherenecessary如有必要的话如有必要的话Thisdiscussioncan,ifnecessary,becontinuedtomorrow.如有必要，这个讨论会可在明天继续进行。Illstayupallnight,ifnecessary,togetitfinished如有必要，我会呆一晚上，直到将它完成。agreeon/upon:就达成一致意见(1)Theyagreeontheplanalltheway.他们完全赞同这个计划。(2)Iwillagreeonwhateveryouputforward.你无论提出什么，我都会同意。形近词组agreewith同意某人的看法、意见、分析等；相符agreeto同意agreetodo同意做makeadifference:（对某人或物）有影响/起作用；很重要Aweeksholidaymadealotofdifferencetoherhealth.一个星期的假期对她的健康有很大帮助。(1)Thatmakesnodifferencetome.那对我没有影响。(2)Itmakesnodifference.那没有关系。1)Wiretheearthandsea2)Watchanimalsandplants3)TheamountofradonwaxesHowdopeoplepredictan earthquake?Para.1Para.1UnderstandingUnderstandingTextStudyUnderstandingTipsTips2.Whatanimalsshowwhatsignsofearthquakes?Para.1Para.1TextStudyUnderstandingI can predict earthquakes!Can seismologists do that?1)henscages2)snakesfreeze3)dogsbarkalot4)fishsurface5)birdsnoisyflyunusuallyTextStudyUnderstandingTipsTipsMoreMoreSomeadvancewarningsofanimpendingearthquake.MoreMoreTextStudyUnderstandingA.Wellwaterroseandfellwithcrackingorgas.B.Chickensrefusedtoeatandranaroundchirping(吱喳而鸣).C.Miceandyellowweasels(黄鼠狼)ranaroundtohide.D.Agoldfishjumpedwildlyinitsbowl.E.Strangelights(fireballs)aswellasloudsoundswereseenthenightprecedingtheearthquake.TipsTipsTextStudyUnderstandingwordsandexpressions(Para.1)forecast:(1)vt.预报，预测(2)n.预报，预测(1)ThenewspapersforecastthattheDemocratswouldbetotallybeateninthegeneralelectioncametrue.报纸预测民主党人在这次大选中将被彻底击败,结果变成了事实。(2)Hurricanehasbeenforecastfortomorrowafternoon.天气预报说明天下午有飓风。wordsandexpressions(Para.1)detectnoticeordiscover,esp.usingaspecialmethod察觉，发现；探测察觉，发现；探测detectsb.in(doing)sth.发觉某人在做(坏事)Hewasdetectedintheactofcheatingontheexam.他考试时作弊被发现了。wordsandexpressions(Para.1)watchfor:留意，观察Hehaswatchedlargeamountsofbooksforthetreatmentofcancer.他留意了大量书籍中有关癌症的疗法。Hanshinearthquake阪神大地震阪神大地震阪神大地震是1995年日本时间1月17日清晨5:45分发生在日本神户的一场灾难，地震规模为里氏7.3级。震央在距离神户市西南方23公里的淡路岛，属日本关西地区的兵库县。该地震由神户到淡路岛的六甲断层地区的活动引起，属于上下震动型的强烈地震。由于神户是日本屈指的大城市，人口密集（105万人），地震时间又在清晨，因此造成相当多伤亡（官方统计约有6500人死亡，房屋受创而必须住到组合屋的有32万人）。阪神大地震在日本地震史上具有重要的意义，它直接引起了日本对于地震科学，都市建筑，交通防范的重视。当时一般日本学者认为关西一带不可能有大地震发生，导致该地区缺乏足够的防范措施和救灾系统，特别是神户周围有相当多交通要道都通过隧道或高架桥，在地震时隧道受损严重，影响了搜救速度。神户市中更因瓦斯外泄、木造房屋密集、引起快速的连锁性大火，如神户长田区，全部的木造房屋都付之一炬。wordsandexpressions(Para.1)indicatevt.指出，表明Hishesitationindicatesunwillingness.他的犹豫表明不愿意。wordsandexpressions(Para.1)waxvi.变大；增强变大；增强n.U蜡蜡Thefameofthefilmstarwaxed.那个电影明星的知名度有所提高。HerfeelingsforJohnwaxandwane.她对约翰的感情时好时坏。Shewatchedthewaxasitdrippeddownthesideofthecandle.她注视着蜡油从蜡烛的边上滴落下来。Theenvelopewassealedwithwax.信封用蜡封了口。Byfallingbuildings.Para.2Para.2TextStudyUnderstandingTipsTips3.Howaremostofthepeoplekilledinanearthquake?TipTipPara.2Para.21)Steeljoint/anI-joint2)Equallystrongcolumns&horizontalbeams3)Deepverticalsupportcolumns4)Lightroofs&strongwalls4.Whatbuildingstructuresmightpreventthegreatdestructionofproperty?Para.2Para.2TextStudyUnderstandingTipsTipsdestruction:n.破坏，摧毁；引起毁灭的根源；破坏，摧毁；引起毁灭的根源；毁灭的原因毁灭的原因Thefirecausedthedestructionofmybooks.这场大火使我的藏书被毁坏。相关词语destroyv.破坏，摧毁destructiveadj.破坏性的，毁灭性的wordsandexpressions(Para.2)withstandvt.bestrongenoughnottobeharmedbysth.suchasgreatheat,cold,pressure.经受，承受，顶住wordsandexpressions(Para.2)withstandwithstandan attackan attacksevere testssevere teststhe stormthe stormhard wear(fire)hard wear(fire)hardshiphardship 抵御攻击抵御攻击抵御攻击抵御攻击 经得起严峻的考验经得起严峻的考验经得起严峻的考验经得起严峻的考验 顶得住暴风雨顶得住暴风雨顶得住暴风雨顶得住暴风雨 耐穿耐穿耐穿耐穿(火火火火)能吃苦能吃苦能吃苦能吃苦钢似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结钢似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。构就不行了。Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.words and expressionswords and expressions(Para.2)(Para.2)N H C E原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习产产 生生 式式 提提 炼炼Sb./Sth.seem to be,but not if 某人某人物似乎是物似乎是，但一旦，但一旦就并非如此了。就并非如此了。用于阐明用于阐明“事物的辩证关系事物的辩证关系”。words and expressionswords and expressions(Para.2)(Para.2)N H C E产产 生生 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示产产 生生 式式 应应 用用a good source of information/make undue use of words and expressionswords and expressions(Para.2)(Para.2)N H C E典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示互联网似乎是最好的互联网似乎是最好的信息源，但使用不当信息源，但使用不当就不是这样了。就不是这样了。The Internet seems to be the best source of information,but not if it is made undue use of.1.Also,topreventpropertydamage,architectsnowdesignbuildingsso thatthebuildingscolumnsandhorizontalbeamsareofequalstrength.sothatPractice words and expressions(Para.2)Iwanttoleavenow.Iwontbelate.Thevasehadbeenputontopofthecupboard.Itwouldntgetbroken.Itooknonoticeofhim.Heflewintoarage.Manycontestantslaterfaileddrugtests.Theracehadtobererun.用“sothat”合成下列组句:words and expressions(Para.2)TipsTipsIwanttoleavenowsothatIwontbelate.Thevasehadbeenputontopofthecupboardsothatitwouldntgetbroken.Itooknonoticeofhimsothatheflewintoarage.Manycontestantslaterfaileddrugtestssothattheracehadtobererun.words and expressions(Para.2)TipsTips2.Also,topreventpropertydamage,architectsnowdesignbuildingssothatthebuildingscolumnsandhorizontalbeamsare ofequalstrength.beof+adj.+noun=be+adv.+adj.areofequalstrength=areequallystrongPractice words and expressions(Para.2)Thismatterisgreatlyimportant.Thebookheboughtyesterdayisveryhelpful.Whathesaidwasnotmuchvaluable.Itissaidthatyogaisverybeneficialtohumanhealth.用“beof+adj.+noun.”改写下列句子:words and expressions(Para.2)Thismatterisofgreatimportance.Thebookheboughtyesterdayisofmuchhelp.Whathesaidwasoflittlevalue.Itissaidthatyogaisofgreatbenefittohumanhealth.words and expressions(Para.2)TipsTipsenclosevt.(1)围住，包住(2)附寄 surround;put sth.in an envelope,parcel,etc.1)Whydopeoplealwaysencloseagardenwith2)awallorfence?2)Canmoneybeenclosedwithalettertobemailed?1)Toprotectflowersandplantsfrombeingstolenordestroyed.2)No.Becausewords and expressions(Para.2)Use ItUse ItKeyKeypragragh 3-6how should poeple prepare for an earthquake?prepare their house:check/reinforcehomesplaceheavyobjectsattachcupboards&cabinetsfastendoorsprepare themselves:survivalsupplieswaterandfood,radioreceiver