2021年2020年高考语文古诗文必背篇目.pdf

2020 年高考语文古诗文必背篇目一、背诵总篇目由64 篇增加到 75 篇（段）。二、高中14 篇背诵课文不变。荀子劝学、庄子逍遥游、韩愈师说、杜牧阿房宫赋、苏轼赤壁赋、诗经 卫风 氓、离骚、李白蜀道难、杜甫登高、白居易琵琶行、李商隐锦瑟、李煜虞美人（春花秋月何时了）、苏轼念奴娇（大江东去）、辛弃疾永遇乐（千古江山）。三、初中45 篇背诵课文不变，删1 篇、换 2 篇、增 13 篇，具体如下：1、删：韩愈早春呈水部张十八员外；2.换：论语十则换成论语12 章，孟子二章换成孟子三章；3.增：（1）庄子一则（2）礼记一则（虽有佳肴）（3）列子一则（伯牙善鼓琴）（4）答谢中书书（南朝）陶弘景）（5）湖心亭看雪（6）河中石兽（7）十五从军征（8）登幽州台歌（9）木兰辞（10）黄鹤楼（崔颢）（11）卖炭翁（12）满江红（秋瑾）（13）南乡子（何处望神州）初中 50 篇：论语 12 章、孟子3 章、左传曹刿论战、战国策邹忌讽齐王纳谏、诸葛亮出师表、陶潜桃花源记、郦道元三峡、韩愈杂说（四）、刘禹锡陋室铭、柳宗元小石潭记、范仲淹岳阳楼记、欧阳修醉翁亭记、周敦颐爱莲说、苏轼记承天寺夜游、宋濂送东阳马生序(节选)、诗经关雎、诗经蒹葭、曹操观沧海、陶潜饮酒、王勃送杜少府之任蜀州、王湾次北固山下、王维使至塞上、李白闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄、李白行路难、杜甫望岳、杜甫春望、杜甫茅屋为秋风所破歌、岑参白雪歌送武判官归京、刘禹锡酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠、白居易观刈麦、白居易钱塘湖春行、李贺雁门太守行、杜牧赤壁、杜牧泊秦淮、李商隐夜雨寄北、李商隐无题、李煜相见欢、范仲淹渔家傲、晏殊浣溪沙、王安石登飞来峰、苏轼江城子密州出猎、苏轼水调歌头、陆游游山西村、辛弃疾破阵子、文天祥过零丁洋、马致远天净沙秋思、张养浩山坡羊潼关怀古、龚自珍己亥杂诗、庄子一则、礼记一则（虽有佳肴）、列子一则（伯牙善鼓琴）答谢中书书、湖心亭看雪、河中石兽、十五从军征、登幽州台歌、木兰辞、黄鹤楼（崔颢）、卖炭翁、满江红（秋瑾）、南乡子（神州）得道多助，失道寡助孟子天时不如地利，地利不如人和。三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。夫环而攻之，必有得天时者矣，然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟 非不多也，委而去之，是地利不如人和也。故曰，域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。得道者多助，失道者寡助。寡助之至，亲戚 畔(pn)之。多助之至，天下顺之。以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。伯牙善鼓琴列子伯牙善鼓琴，钟子期善听。伯牙鼓琴，志在高山。钟子期曰：“善哉！峨峨兮若泰山！”志在流水，钟子期曰：“善哉！洋洋兮若江河！”伯牙所念，钟子期必得之。|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 1 页，共 3 页伯牙游于泰山之阴，卒逢暴雨，止于岩下；心悲，乃援琴而鼓之。初为霖雨之操，更造崩山之音。曲每奏，钟子期辄穷其趣。伯牙乃舍琴而叹曰：“善哉！善哉！子之听夫志，想象犹吾心也。吾于何逃声哉”礼记一则虽有佳肴，弗食，不知其旨也。虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。是故学然后知不足，教然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也；知困，然后能自强也。故曰：教学相长也。兑命曰：“学学办。”其此之谓乎答谢中书书陶弘景山川之美，古来共谈。高峰入云，清流见底。两岸石壁，五色交辉。青林翠竹，四时俱备。晓雾将歇，猿鸟乱鸣；夕日欲颓，沉鳞竞跃。实是欲界之仙都。自康乐以来，未复有能与其奇者。湖心亭看雪张 岱崇祯五年十二月，余住西湖。大雪三日，湖中人鸟声俱绝。是日更定矣，余挐一小舟，拥毳衣炉火，独往湖心亭看雪。雾凇沆砀，天与云与山与水，上下一白。湖上影子，惟长堤一痕、湖心亭一点、与余舟一芥，舟中人两三粒而已。到亭上，有两人铺毡对坐，一童子烧酒炉正沸。见余,大喜曰：“湖中焉得更有此人！”拉余同饮。余强饮三大白而别。问其姓氏，是金陵人，客此。及下船，舟子喃喃曰：“莫说相公痴，更有痴似相公者!”河中石兽纪 昀沧州南一寺临河干，山门圮于河，二石兽并沉焉。阅十余岁，僧募金重修，求石兽于水中，竟不可得。以为顺流下矣，棹数小舟，曳铁钯，寻十余里，无迹。一讲学家设帐寺中，闻之笑曰：“尔辈不能究物理，是非木杮，岂能为暴涨携之去乃石性坚重，沙性松浮，湮于沙上，渐沉渐深耳。沿河求之，不亦颠乎”众服为确论。一老河兵闻之，又笑曰：“凡河中失石，当求之于上流。盖石性坚重，沙性松浮，水不能冲石，其反激之力，必于石下迎水处啮沙为坎穴，渐激渐深，至石之半，石必倒掷坎穴中。如是再啮，石又再转。转转不已，遂反溯流逆上矣。求之下流，固颠；求之地中，不更颠乎”如其言，果得于数里外。然则天下之事，但知其一，不知其二者多矣，可据理臆断欤木兰诗乐府诗集唧唧复唧唧，木兰当户织。不闻机杼声，惟闻女叹息。问女何所思，问女何所忆。女亦无所思，女亦无所忆。昨夜见军帖，可汗大点兵，军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名。阿爷无大儿，木兰无长兄，愿为市鞍马，从此替爷征。东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯，南市买辔头，北市买长鞭。旦辞爷娘去，暮宿黄河边，不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅。旦辞黄河去，暮至黑山头，不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻燕山胡骑鸣啾啾。万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣。将军百战死，壮士十年归。归来见天子，天子坐明堂。策勋十二转，赏赐百千强。可汗问所欲，木兰不用尚书郎；愿驰千里足，送儿还故乡。爷娘闻女来，出郭相扶将；阿姊闻妹来,当户理红妆；小弟闻姊来，磨刀霍霍向猪羊。开我东阁门，坐我西阁床，脱我战时袍，着我旧时裳，当窗理云鬓，对镜帖花黄。出门看火伴，火伴皆惊忙：同行十二年，不知木兰是女郎。雄兔脚扑朔，雌兔眼迷离；双兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌登幽州台歌陈子昂前不见古人，后不见来者。念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下！卖炭翁白居易|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 2 页，共 3 页文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 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ZU1F6R9G10X3卖炭翁,伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。卖炭得钱何所营身上衣裳口中食。可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒。夜来城外一尺雪，晓驾炭车辗冰辙。牛困人饥日已高，市南门外泥中歇。翩翩两骑来是谁黄衣使者白衫儿。手把文书口称敕，回车叱牛牵向北。一车炭，千余斤，宫使驱将惜不得。半匹红绡一丈绫，系向牛头充炭直。南乡子登京口北固亭有怀辛弃疾何处望神州满眼风光北固楼。千古兴亡多少事悠悠。不尽长江滚滚流。年少万兜鍪，坐断东南战未休。天下英雄谁敌手曹刘。生子当如孙仲谋。满江红秋 瑾小住京华，早又是，中秋佳节。为篱下，黄花开遍，秋容如拭。四面歌残终破楚，八年风味独思浙。苦将侬，强派作蛾眉，殊未屑！黄鹤楼昔人已乘黄鹤去，此地空余黄鹤楼。黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。日暮乡关何处是烟波江上使人愁。十五从军征十五从军征，八十始得归。道逢乡里人：“家中有阿谁”“遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。”兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。舂谷持作飰，采葵持作羹。羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁。出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。|精.|品.|可.|编.|辑.|学.|习.|资.|料.*|*|*|*|欢.|迎.|下.|载.第 3 页，共 3 页文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 ZU1F6R9G10X3文档编码:CP9T6I4S8W9 HO1N2D7I5O4 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