《六国论》复习学案.pdf

读书破万卷下笔如有神六国论年级：高三使用日期：审核人：教学目标1、了解本文严密的论证方法和借古讽今的写法。2、掌握文中重点的实词、虚词的用法和意义，了解特殊语法现象。教学重点：掌握文中重点的实词、虚词的用法和意义，了解特殊语法现象。一、整体感知1、谋篇布局本文开门见山提出中心论点：“六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。”这是一个并列关系的复句，两分句从正反两个不同角度陈述观点。“非兵不利，战不善”用否定句式排除异说，保证了后一分句正面肯定的确凿性。文章的两个分论点，在本段实际上是论证中心论点的两个论据，它们从“赂者”和“不赂者”两方面的受赂秦之害的角度进行论证，加强了中心论点的严密性。作者使用历史事实作为论据主要出现在第二、三段。第二段集中写韩、魏、楚三国，承第一个分论点“赂秦而力亏，破灭之道也”，从而论证“弊在赂秦”。第三段集中写齐、燕、赵三国，承第二个分论点“不赂者以赂者丧”，说明其原因是“盖失强援，不能独完”，从而论证“弊在赂秦”。2、结构图解赂秦数量比较赂而得者其实百倍而力战而得者（例证、引证对比弊亏(韩、难易比较先祖父得之难论证)在魏、子孙送之易秦兵又至赂楚）“土”与“欲”比较奉之弥繁胜负已判秦侵之愈急不赂齐：与嬴而不助五国者以燕：以荆卿为计三国 为国者无使（借古讽今）赂者丧赵：洎牧以谗诛继亡为积威之所劫二、知识扫描1、容易读错的字弊在赂（）秦思厥（）先祖父暴（）霜露如弃草芥（）洎（）牧以谗诛革灭殆（）尽2、多音字暴暴露暴晒与与其参与为行为为了燕燕子燕国3、字形辨析赂 贿赂覆 颠覆赢 输赢洛 洛阳履 履历嬴 嬴政羸 羸弱殆 殆尽酣 酣睡贻 贻笑大方邯 邯郸4、词语积累（1）通假字暴霜露（）读书破万卷下笔如有神为国者无使为积威之所劫哉（）当与秦相较（）暴秦之欲无厌（）（2）古今异义与战胜而得者，其实百倍思厥先祖父至于颠覆，理固宜然后秦击赵者再而燕赵处秦革灭殆尽之际，可谓智力孤危而从六国破亡之故事而犹有可以不赂而胜之之势（3）一词多义为以荆卿为计邯郸为郡而为秦人积威之所劫为国者无使为积威之所劫哉向向使三国各爱其地并力西向兵非兵不利而秦兵又至矣故故曰弊在赂秦也从六国破亡之故事得小则获邑，大则得城此言得之诚不得已吾得见事之始燕赵之君，始有远略至丹以荆卿为计，始速祸焉与与嬴而不助五国也则与斗卮酒彼与彼年相若也数则胜负之数，存亡之理，当与秦相较，或未易量蒙冲斗舰及以千数范增数目项王速而其归书也必速至丹以荆卿为计，始速祸焉率其不率教者常有一二瑜等率轻锐继其后六国互丧，率赂秦耶子路率而对曰（5、重要虚词以文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 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HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5读书破万卷下笔如有神洎牧以谗诛秦以攻取之外，小则获邑，大则得城暴霜露,斩荆棘，以有尺寸之地则小则获邑，大则得城则秦之所大欲，诸候之所大患则胜负之数，存亡之理6、词类活用（1）名词作状语日削月割（2）名词作动词能守其士，义不赂秦：以事秦之心礼天下之奇才：以地事秦：（3）形容词作动词不能独完：用武而不终也：（4）形容词作名词小则获邑，大则得城：（5）动词作名词盖失强援：秦以攻取之外：（6）使动用法李牧连却之：却7、文言句式1）判断句六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。（用“非”表否定判断）与嬴而不助五国也。/赂秦而力亏，破灭之道也。/斯用兵之效也。（用“也”表判断）2）被动句为秦人积威之所劫/为国者无使为积威之所劫哉！（用“为 所”表被动）洎牧以谗诛。（意义上的被动句）3）省略句是故燕虽（为）小国而后亡。（省略谓语）举（之）以予人。（省略宾语）（诸侯）奉之弥繁，（强秦）侵之愈急。（省略主语）（燕国的）刺客不行，（赵国的）良将犹在。（省略定语）4）倒装句其势弱于秦。（介词结构后置，应为“于秦弱”）（5）固定句式是故燕虽小国而后亡。（“是故”表示结论或结果，用在分句或句子开头，可译为“因此”“所以”）向使三国各爱其他。（“向使”表示事后假设，可译为“假设”“如果”）8、名句背诵（1）六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。（2）古人云：“以地事秦，犹抱薪救火，薪不尽，火不灭。”（3）向使三国各爱其他，齐人勿附于秦，刺客不行，良将犹在，则胜负之数，存亡之理，当与秦相较，或未易量。（4）为国者无使为积威之所劫哉！（5）夫六国与秦皆诸候，其势弱于秦，而犹有可以不赂而胜之之势。苟以天下之大，而从六国破亡之故事，是又在六国下矣。文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 ZR10X6O8J2C5文档编码:CJ10B5N7G8Q4 HW7U1X3E3R1 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