2022年英语五大基本句型导学案.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习目标英语五大基本句型导学案The truth is that he has never been abroad .后面；例如：五宾语： 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词1.把握五大基本句型的用法；. They went to see an exhibition 展览 yesterday.2.培育同学运用语言才能；自学指导句子成分一定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语；The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have. I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.二主语： 主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首 ；但在 there be 结构、疑问句当主I enjoy listening to popular music .语不疑问词时 和倒装句中, 主语位于 谓语、 助动词或情态动词后面； 主语可由 名词、 代词、 数词、I think that he is fit for his office.不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示；例如：宾语种类 ： 1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语,例如： Lend me your dictionary , please. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2复合宾语宾语+宾补,例如： They elected him their monitor . We often speak English in class. 六宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,仍要有一个宾语补语,才One-third of the students in this class are girls.能使句子的意义完整；带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词如make 等+宾语 +宾补；To swim in the river is a great pleasure.宾补可由 名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当；例如：Smoking does harm to the health.His father named him Dongming .The rich should help the poor.They painted their boat white .When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.Let the fresh air in .It is necessary to master a foreign language .You mustn t force him to lend his money to you. 三谓语： 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状态；动词在句中作谓语 ,一般放在 主语We saw her entering the room .之后；谓语的构成如下：We found everything in the lab in good order .1、简洁谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成；如：He practices running every morning. We will soon make our city what your city is now. 2、复合谓语：1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 七定语： 修饰 名词或代词 的词、短语或从句称为定语；定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.2由系动词加表语构成；如：We are students. There are thirty women teachers is our school.四表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特点和状态, 它一般位于 系动词如 be, become, get, look, His rapid progress in English made us surprised. grow, turn, seem 等之后；表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom .短语、副词及表语从句表示；例如：The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. Our teacher of English is an American .He is reading an article about how to learn English.Is it yours .八状语：修饰 动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特点的句子成分,叫做状语；The weather has turned cold.可由以下形式表示：The speech is exciting. Light travels most quickly .Three times seven is twenty one.He has lived in the city for ten years .His job is to teach English .He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.His hobby 爱好 is playing football .He is in the room making a model plane. The machine must be out of order.Wait a minute. Time is up. The class is over.Once you begin, you must continue. 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 牛刀小试：1. Time flies. 一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus. 2. The moon rose. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. The man cooked. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. We all eat, and drink. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting. 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 5. Everybody laughed. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 6. I woke. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 7. They talked for half an hour. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 8. He walked yesterday 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 9.He is playing 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 10.They have gone 13. He found it important to master English. 基本句型二14. Do you have anything else to say. 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. + + 主系表16. Would you please tell me your address. 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必需加上一个说 明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思；这类动词叫做连系动词；系动词分两类： be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound等属一类,表示情形；get, grow, become, turn, 20. The apples tasted sweet. go 等属另一类,表示变化；be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表的作用；其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另 :stay, prove, remain, stand 展现点拨 英语五种基本句型列式如下：3形容词,名词,现在分词,过去分词,不定式,介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语；是系动词 表语 基本句型一： +主谓1. This is an English dictionary. 基本句型二： + +主系表2. The dinner smells 闻 good. 基本句型三： + +主谓宾基本句型四： + +IO + 主谓间宾直宾3. He fell happy. 基本句型五： + + +主谓宾宾补4. Everything looks different. 基本句型一5. He is tall and strong. +主谓 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思；这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等；6. The book is interesting. 这些动词常见的有：take place, happen, break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, 7. The weather became warmer. fall, rise, hang 可作及物动词或不及物动词等等；8. His face turned red. 2有些动词如wash, sell, burn ,write, clean, draw, cook, read 等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质；2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 基本句型三基本句型四 + + 主谓宾 + +IO + 主谓间宾直宾此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必需跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思；这两个的意思,必需跟有一个宾语,即动作的承担者,才能使意思完整；这类动词叫做及物动词；宾语一个是动作的直接承担者,另一个是动作的间接承担者； 实义动词 宾语 通常这一间接承担者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承担者在动作的直接承担者之前Who knows the answers. 时,这一介词往往被省略；She laugh at her 4. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语He understands English 这种句型中作间接宾语的经常指“ 人” ,直接宾语经常指 “ 物” ；这类词常有 pass, give, offer , He made cakes bring, buy ,show, teach, ask 等They ate some apples 这种句型仍可转换为其他两种句型：1 动词宾语 for sb. buy,；Danny likes donuts 2 动词 宾语 to sb.give,offer,show 如：I want to have a cup of tea 测试题：He said “ Good morning ”1昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物；3 主语谓语宾语 _ 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语；同时, 句子中有时含有与宾语2请把你的画给我；有关的状语；作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句；如：_ 1我要一杯茶；3他问了我一个古怪的问题；_ 2他喜爱每天练习口语；5. 主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的；通常放在宾语的后面；如：3我昨天看了一部名叫Gone With The Wind的电影；The news made me excited. 这里 excited 就是 me 的宾语补足语；留意：1、不定式作宾补只能跟 不定式 做宾语的动词有：afford,agree ,choose ,decide , demand,desire ,determine, fail, hope,manage, offer,A . 不定式前带 to plan ,prepare ,pretend ,promise , refuse ,seek,wish , arrange ,learn ,etc. 常用的动词有 : 动词之后只能跟 动名词 做宾语 :acknowledge 承认,admit ,appreciate 感谢,avoid ,consider ,advise, cause, allow, drive, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, permit, tell, trust, delay ,deny,dislike,prevent , enjoy , escape,finish,imagine ,keep,mind ,practice,urge, persuade, remind, teach, want, warn, get, ask, forbid, beg, require, tempt, enable, quit 舍弃,risk , stand ,suggest ,advise 等；lead, 等 , 以及表示 " 情感状态 " 的动词 love, like, prefer, hate 等后面跟带 to 的不定式作补动词短语有： go on ,give up ,put off,feel like 等；语. 练习：汉译英练习：1 你能想象他通过这次考试了吗？imagine 1. 他叫我跟他一起去逛街； 2. 村民们不答应他们做这；allow 2你做完作业了吗？finish 3. 老师告知他今晚六点钟过来这里； 4. 他说服了弟弟上床睡觉；3我们必需防止再犯这样的错误；avoid 5. 玛丽提示我要准时参与会议 6. 爸爸警告我不要吸烟；4你介不介意我在这吸烟？mind B . 不定式前不带 to 表示 " 感觉 " 的动词 see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel 等和三个表示 " 致使 " 的动词 make, 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - have, let 后面跟不带to 的不定式作补语. 4、名词作宾补小试身手：常用名词作宾补的动词有：find, name, call, elect, make, choose 等1. 我听到了他在房间里唱歌；例如： The couple named the child Tom We choose him monitor 2. 我让他打扫了教室；5、由 as 构成的短语作宾补consider as, treat as, regard as, look on as, have3. 我留意到他走进了那家工厂；常用 as 构成的短语作宾补的动词有：as, take as, think of as 等6There be 句型C . 不定式为 to be consider, declare, find, imagine, know, 此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语构成,用以表达存在有,一种无主语的有；它其实是倒装在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be,如：believe, 的一种情形,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后, there 仅为引导词,并无实际语；Be 与其后的主语在prove, suppose, feel, think, understand等等；人称和数量上一样,有时态和情态变化；如,汉译英现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were1. 这个答案证明是错的；将来有 there will be /there is /are going to be. 可能有 there might be. 2. 我认为他是一个好同学；" 主谓关系 " ,用现在分词；假如构成" 动宾关系 ",就用确定有 there must be /there must have been. 等；2、分词作宾补过去始终有 there used to be 好像有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 分词作宾语补足语时,假如分词与宾语构成碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 过去分词；常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有：find, feel , get , have , hear , keep , notice , 此句型有时不用be 动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,see , watch,make, leave等；合作探究：小组合作,欢乐学习练习：1. 我让机器整个晚上在运转；have 判定以下句子属于哪种类型_ 1.I heard the girl playing the piano in the next room；2. 我听到我的名字被人叫； hear 2.There used to be a well in the village. _ 3. He has lived in the cottage for over 15years. 3. 我留意到杯子碎了；notice _ 3. what he said made me angry. 4. The soup tastes delicious. 4. 老师让同学始终在阅读课文；keep _ 5. 我让门锁着； keep_ 5.The teacher saw two boys play football on the playground. 5Mr Smith invited me to have dinner yesterday；3、形容词作宾补: keep, leave, find, make, feel, think, consider等6. The old man is telling the children a story. 常用形容词作宾补的动词有7.In front of our teaching building stand some trees. 1. 同学要保持课室清洁； 2. 不要留着门开着；8.we should respect our tacher. 9.The sun rises in the east. 3. 我觉察这本书很好玩； 4. 我觉得跟他谈天很好玩；10.I had my bike repaired last week. 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 当堂检测1.I am sorry to have kept you _. D. 拓展提高D. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited 1.I think _a bad habit to get up late . 2.She found her dog _over by a car on the road. A. that B. it C. this D. its 2.He found his money _. A. run B. ran C. to run A. steal B. stealing C. stolen D. to steal running 3.Roses in bloom smell _. A. sweetly B. sweet C. sweeten D. sweetness 3. Rose is going to have her hair _. 4.We must have the machine _. A. do B. done C. did D. doing A. to repair B. repairing C. repair D. repaired 5.She was lying in the sofa _a book. 4. She felt somebody _her. A. reading B. read C. to read D. to reading A. touched B. touches C. touch D. to touch 6.A television set will keep us _of the news of the day. 5. She taught him _speak English. A. inform B. to inform C. informed informing A. how B. how could he C. how he could D. how to 7.The speaker found himself _all alone. 6.He didn t enjoy the play because he _. A. left B. leave C. leaving D. to leave 8.The speaker found himself _. A. was boring B. bored C. was bored D. boring A. misunderstand B. misunderstanding 7.I will make your dream _. C. misunderstood D. to misunderstand 9.-My watch is broken. A. comes true B. to come true C. coming truly D. come true Why dont you _.8.He warned _home . A. take a repairer your watch B. take your watch a repairer C. take to a repairer it D. take it to a repairer A. us to not go B. us not to go C. we not go D. us not go 10.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldnt find _the hotel.9. Canned food does not go _. A. how to return to B. how you could go for C. the way back for D. the way back to A. bed easily B. badly easy C. bad easy D. badly easily 11.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother _. 10.The sad news kept her _all the night. A. made a cake to me B. made a cake me A. awake B. waken C. wake D. to wake C. made for me a cake D. made me a cake 12.He was seen_ by the river yesterday. A to play B played C to be play D play 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页