单质碳的化学性质教学设计.pdf

单质碳的化学性质教学设计课题单质碳的化学性质作者刘志刚单位宝坻区牛道口一中教材分析本节课位于人教版九年级化学第六单元课题1的第二课时，上一课时已经学习了金刚石、石墨及碳60 的单质碳的物理性质和用途，第二单元学生通过学习氧气的化学性质，已经知道碳可以和氧气反应，本课题将要对单质碳的可燃性和还原性进行更具体的学习，本单元的课题三还要学习一氧化碳的可燃性和还原性，所以学好这一课可为今后的学习做准备，具有承上启下的意义。本节课也是本单元的重点内容之一。教学目标知识与技能（1）碳的化学性质常温下稳定，高温下活泼（可燃性和还原性）。（2）掌握氢气的化学性质可燃性和还原性。（3）理解氧化反应和还原反应，知道氧化剂和还原剂、氧化性和还原性。过程与方法通过学生参与演示木炭还原氧化铜，进一步培养学生的操作技巧、观察能力和分析思维能力，通过实验观察法提高学生的科学探究能力和理论联系实际的能力。情感目标（1）通过碳与氧气在不同条件下反应的产物不同，渗透物质所发生的化学反应既决定于物质本身的性质，又决定于反应条件的学习方法的指导。（2）通过碳的化学性质的实验探究和逻辑推理，帮助学生建立崇尚科学的观念，树立辩证唯物主义观点。教学重难点教学重点：碳的化学性质。即单质碳的可燃性和还原性教学难点：理解氧化反应和还原反应。教学方法总结归纳法实验观察法教学过程教学环节教师活动学生活动复习旧知【提问】上节课我们一起学习了几种常见的碳单质，它们的物理性质各不相同，为什么都【回答】：因为虽然它们都是由碳原子构成，但碳原子的排列不同，所以性质不同、用途也不同。是碳的单质，而它们的物理性质却各不相同呢？多媒体展示几种常见碳单质的不同用途及性质，请学生用连线的方式将物质、用途和性质一一连接设问导入【提问】：既然它们都是由碳元素组成的单质，那么它们的化学性质是否相同呢？决定元素化学性质的是什么？既然单质碳的化学性质都相同，今天我们就一起来学习单质碳的化学性质。【思考后回答】：决定元素化学性质的是原子的最外层电子数，单质碳都是由碳元素组成，所以它们的化学性质相同。单质碳的稳定性【投影】：王羲之的墨迹、钻石饰品。提问：人们用炭黑制成墨，用金刚石做成光彩夺目的钻石饰品。不论是文人的墨宝还是华丽的钻石都能保存多年而不褪色。这些例子说明了碳具有怎样的化学性质呢？提问：书写重要的文件资料时要求必须有碳素笔书写，你知道这是为什么吗？【思考回答】：单质碳的化学性质常温下不活泼。单质碳的可燃性【提问】：在常温时，碳的化学性质是不活泼的。一定的条件下，碳能不能跟其他物质反应吗？【投影】：1、碳的可燃性O2充足，碳完全燃烧：【设问】冬季人们为了抵御严寒，常将门窗紧闭，用煤炉来取暖，但往往会发生中毒事故，这是为什么？【讲解】O2不充足，碳不完全燃烧：不充足，碳不完全燃烧：【学生回答】：碳可以燃烧，生成 CO2气体思考倾听回答：这是因为碳的不完全燃烧有毒为了防止这一现象，取暖时要注意室内通风，使碳完全燃烧。文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4单质碳的还原性【提问】：碳能够与单质氧结合，那么碳可不可以与氧化物中的氧结合呢？例如CuO。如果能反应会生成什么物质呢？我们可以看到哪些现象，如何检验生成物呢？做这个实验，我们应该用哪种实验装置？我们需要哪些实验仪器？【演示实验】：木炭还原氧化铜讲解：CuO 失去氧变为 Cu，像这种含氧化合物里的氧被夺去的反应称为还原反应。那么是什么物质夺取CuO 中的氧，促使 CuO 发生还原反应呢？是碳。因此，像碳这种能够夺取氧的物质叫做还原剂，具有还原性。另一方面，CuO提供氧，被称为氧化剂，具有氧化性。【练习】投影：公元前 5000年左右，人类发现天然铜性质坚韧，用作器具不易破损。后又观察到铜矿石如孔雀石(碱式碳酸铜)与炽热的木炭接触而被分解为【回答】：碳与氧结合变为 CO2或者 CO，CuO 变为 Cu。碳与氧结合变为 CO2或者 CO，CuO 变为 Cu。反应物是两种固体物质，并需要加热，所以采用固固加热型的实验装置。铁架台、铁夹、酒精灯、试管、导管。【观察实验、思考并回答】：反应中看到试管中黑色固体逐渐变为红色物质，说明CuO 变成了 Cu。试管中有气泡产生且澄清石灰水变浑浊，证明有CO2生成。支管口 a的气体不能点燃，证明没有 CO 生成书写化学方程式。倾听。文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 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ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4CuO，进而被还原为金属Cu，经过反复观察和试验，终于掌握以木炭还原铜矿石的炼铜技术。现代钢铁用焦炭从铁的氧化物矿石里冶炼出铁。工业上运用碳的还原性来制造煤气，你能写出上述反应的化学方程式吗？书写化学方程式小结碳的化学性质：常温下不活泼。高温时活泼，碳具有可燃性与还原性。板书设计：第二节单质碳的化学性质一、常温下稳定性二、可燃性C+O2 CO2（充分燃烧）2C+O2 2CO （不充分燃烧）三、还原性C+2CuO2Cu+CO2C+CO22CO 文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 HT3I5M6B2M5 ZF1F6N1J9J4文档编码:CX10O7H9A6N3 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