2022年2022年高考物理必考知识点归纳之三 .pdf
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2022年2022年高考物理必考知识点归纳之三 .pdf
1 高考物理知识归纳(三)-动量和能量1力的三种效应:力的瞬时性(产生 a)F=ma、运动状态发生变化牛顿第二定律时间积累效应(冲量)I=Ft、动量发生变化动量定理空间积累效应(做功)w=Fs动能发生变化动能定理2动量观点:动量:p=mv=KmE2冲量:I=F t 动量定理:内容:物体所受合外力的冲量等于它的动量的变化。公式:F合t=mv一 mv(解题时受力分析和正方向的规定是关键)I=F合t=F1t1+F2t2+-=p=P末-P初=mv末-mv初动量守恒定律:内容、守恒条件、不同的表达式及含义:pp;0p;21p-pPP(系统相互作用前的总动量P 等于相互作用后的总动量 P)P0(系统总动量变化为0)如果相互作用的系统由两个物体构成,动量守恒的具体表达式为P1P2P1 P2(系统相互作用前的总动量等于相互作用后的总动量)m1V1m2V2m1V1m2V2PP(两物体动量变化大小相等、方向相反)2 实 际 中 应 用 有:m1v1+m2v2=2211vmvm;0=m1v1+m2v2 m1v1+m2v2=(m1+m2)v共原来以动量(P)运动的物体,若其获得大小相等、方向相反的动量(P),是导致物体静止或反向运动的临界条件。即:P+(P)=0 注意理解四性:系统性、矢量性、同时性、相对性矢量性:对一维情况,先选定某一方向为正方向,速度方向与正方向相同的速度取正,反之取负,把矢量运算简化为代数运算。相对性:所有速度必须是相对同一惯性参照系。同时性:表达式中v1和v2必须是相互作用前同一时刻的瞬时速度,v1和v2必须是相互作用后同一时刻的瞬时速度。解题步骤:选对象,划过程;受力分析。所选对象和过程符合什么规律?用何种形式列方程;(先要规定正方向)求解并讨论结果。3功与能观点:功 W=Fs cos (适用于恒力功的计算)理解正功、零功、负功功是能量转化的量度W=P t(p=tw=tFS=Fv)功率:P=Wt(在 t 时间内力对物体做功的平均功率)P=Fv(F 为牵引力,不是合外力;V 为即时速度时,P 为即时功率;V 为平均速度时,P为平均功率;P 一定时,F 与 V 成正比)动能:EK=m2pmv2122重力势能 Ep=mgh(凡是势能与零势能面的选择有关)动能定理:外力对物体所做的总功等于物体动能的变化(增量)。文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J1文档编码:CE3L9U3K6Q6 HT1C4G5I1L10 ZN2D3Y8Z3J13 公式:W合=W合W1+W2+Wn=Ek=Ek2一 Ek1=12122212mVmV机械能守恒定律:机械能=动能+重力势能+弹性势能(条件:系统只有内部的重力或弹力做功).守恒条件:(功角度)只有重力,弹力做功;(能转化角度)只发生动能与势能之间的相互转化。“只有重力做功”不等于“只受重力作用”。在该过程中,物体可以受其它力的作用,只要这些力不做功,或所做功的代数和为零,就可以认为是“只有重力做功”。列式形式:E1=E2(先要确定零势面)P减(或增)=E增(或减)EA减(或增)=EB增(或减)mgh1+121212222mVmghmV或者Ep减=Ek增除重力和弹簧弹力做功外,其它力做功改变机械能;滑动摩擦力和空气阻力做功 W=fd路程E内能(发热)4 功能关系:功和能的关系:功是能量转化的量度。有两层含义:(1)做功的过程就是能量转化的过程,(2)做功的多少决定了能转化的数量,即:功是能量转化的量度强调:功是一种过程量,它和一段位移(一段时间)相对应;而能是一种状态量,它与一个时刻相对应。两者的单位是相同的(都是 J),但不能说功就是能,也不能说“功变成了能”。文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M64 做功的过程是物体能量的转化过程,做了多少功,就有多少能量发生了变化,功是能量转化的量度(1)动能定理合外力对物体做的总功等于物体动能的增量即kkkEEEmvmvW1221222121合(2)与势 能相 关力 做功导 致与 之相 关的 势能 变化重力重力做正功,重力势能减少;重力做负功,重力势能增加重力对物体所做的功等于物体重力势能增量的负值即 WG=EP1EP2=EP弹 簧弹力弹力做正功,弹性势能减少;弹力做负功,弹性势能增加弹力对物体所做的功等于物体弹性势能增量的负值即 W弹力=EP1EP2=EP分 子力分子力对分子所做的功=分子势能增量的负值电 场力电场力做正功,电势能减少;电场力做负功,电势能增加。注意:电荷的正负及移动方向电场力对电荷所做的功=电荷电势能增量的负值(3)机械能变化原因除重力(弹簧弹力)以外的的其它力对物体所做的功=物体机械能的增量即WF=E2E1=E当除重力(或弹簧弹力)以外的力对物体所做的功为零时,即机械能守恒(4)机械能守恒定律在只有重力和弹簧的弹力做功的物体系内,动能和势能可以互相转化,但机械能的总量保持不变即文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M65 EK2+EP2=EK1+EP1,2221212121mghmvmghmv或EK=EP(5)静摩擦力做功的特点(1)静摩擦力可以做正功,也可以做负功,还可以不做功;(2)在静摩擦力做功的过程中,只有机械能的互相转移,而没有机械能与其他形式的能的转化,静摩擦力只起着传递机械能的作用;(3)相互摩擦的系统内,一对静摩擦力对系统所做功的和总是等于零(6)滑动摩擦力做功特点“摩 擦 所 产生的热”(1)滑动摩擦力可以做正功,也可以做负功,还可以不做功;=滑动摩擦力跟物体间相对路程的乘积,即一对滑动摩擦力所做的功(2)相互摩擦的系统内,一对滑动摩擦力对系统所做功的和总表现为负功,其大小为:W=fS相对=Q对系统做功的过程中,系统的机械能转化为其他形式的能,(S相对为相互摩擦的物体间的相对位移;若相对运动有往复性,则 S相对为相对运动的路程)(7)一对作用力 与 反 作 用力 做 功 的 特(1)作用力做正功时,反作用力可以做正功,也可以做负功,还可以不做功;作用力做负功、不做功时,反作用力亦同样如此文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M66 点(2)一对作用力与反作用力对系统所做功的总和可以是正功,也可以是负功,还可以零(8)热学外 界 对 气 体做功外界对气体所做的功W 与气体从外界所吸收的热量Q 的和=气体内能的变化W+Q=U(热力学第一定律,能的转化守恒定律)(9)电场力做功W=qu=qEd=F电SE(与路径无关)(10)电 流 做功(1)在纯电阻电路中tRu22RtIuItw(电流所做的功率=电阻发热功率)(2)在电解槽电路中,电流所做的功率=电阻发热功率+转化为化学能的的功率(3)在电动机电路中,电流所做的功率=电阻发热功率与输出的机械功率之和P电源t=uIt=+E其它;W=IUt IRt2(11)安培力做功安培力所做的功对应着电能与其它形式的能的相互转化,即 W安=E电,安培力做正功,对应着电能转化为其他形式的能(如电动机模型);克服安培力做功,对应着其它形式的能转化为电能(如发电机模型);且安培力作功的绝对值,等于电能转化的量值,WF安dBILd 内能(发热)文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M67(12)洛 仑 兹力永不做功洛仑兹力只改变速度的方向(13)光学光子的能量:E光子=h;一束光能量E光=Nh(N指光子数目)在光电效应中,光子的能量h=W+221mv(14)原 子 物理原子辐射光子的能量h=E初E末,原子吸收光子的能量 h=E末E初爱因斯坦质能方程:Emc2(15)能 量 转化 和 守 恒 定律对于所有参与相互作用的物体所组成的系统,其中每一个物体的能量的数值及形式都可能发生变化,但系统内所有物体的各种形式能量的总合保持不变功和能的关系贯穿整个物理学。现归类整理如下:常见力做功与对应能的关系常见的几种力做功能量关系数量关系式力的种类做功的正负对应的能量变化情况重力 mg+重力势能 EP减小mgh=EP增加弹簧的弹力 kx+弹性势能 E弹性减小W弹=E弹性增加分子力 F分子+分子势能 E分子减小W分子力=E分子增加文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M6文档编码:CZ4A4O7K5K7 HV3J2C9Y5Z1 ZH5M1O3J2M68 电场力 Eq+电势能 E电势减小qU=E电势增加滑动摩擦力 f 内能 Q 增加fs相对=Q 感应电流的安培力 F安培电能 E电增加W安培力=E电合力 F合+动能 Ek增加W合=Ek减小重力以外的力 F+机械能 E机械增加WF=E机械减小5 求 功 的 方法:单 位:J ev=1.9 10-19J 度=kwh=3.6 106J 1u=931.5Mev 力学:WFscos W=P t(p=tw=tFS=Fv)动能定理W合W1+W2+Wn=EK=E末E初(W可以不同的性质力做功)功是能量