固体物理复习要点.pdf
学习好资料欢迎下载固体物理复习要点名词解释1、基元、布拉伐格子、简单格子。2、基矢、原胞3、晶列、晶面4、声子5、布洛赫定理（Bloch 定理）6、能带能隙、晶向及其标志、空穴7、紧束缚近似、格波、色散关系8、近自由近似9、振动模、12、导带；价带；费米面简单回答题1、倒格子是怎样定义的？为什么要引入倒格子这一概念？2、如果将等体积的刚球分别排成简单立方、体心立方、面心立方结构，则刚球所占体积与总体积之比分别是多少？3、在讨论晶格振动时，常用到Einstein模型和 Debye模型，这两种模型的主要区别是什么？以及这两种模型的局限性在哪里？6、叙述晶格周期性的两种表述方式。7、晶体中传播的格波和普通连续媒质中传播的机械波如声波、水波等有何不同？导致这种不同的根源又是什么？学习好资料欢迎下载8、晶格热容的爱因斯坦模型和德拜模型各自的假设是什么？两个模型各自的优缺点分别是什么？10、能带理论中的近自由电子近似和紧束缚近似的基本假设各是什么？两种近似方法分别适合何种对象？11、以一维简单晶格和三维简单立方晶格为例，给出它们的第一布里渊区。12、以简单立方晶格为例，给出它的晶向标志和晶面标志（密勒指数）。13、试证明任何晶体都不存在宏观的5 次对称轴。14、在运用近自由电子模型计算晶体中电子能级（能带）时为什么同时用到简并微扰和非简并微扰？。15、给出导体，半导体和绝缘体的能带填充图，并以此为基础说明三类晶体的导电性。16、给出简单立方晶格中点（其波矢(0,0,0)k）波函数在点群操作下的变换规律。17、简要叙述能带的近自由电子近似法和紧束缚近似法的区别。18、给出 Bloch 能带理论的基本假设。24、引入伯恩-卡门条件的理由是什么？25、在布里渊区边界上电子的能带有什么特点？26、原子结合成固体有哪几种基本形式？其本质是什么？文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 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ZX9S4Q10K8V1学习好资料欢迎下载27、画出二维正方晶格的第一和第二布里渊区。计算回答题1、求六角密排结构的堆积比（刚球所占体积与总体积之比）。2、求体心立方结构中具有最大面密度的晶面族，并求出这个最大面密度的表达式。3、当色散关系为=vp q2 时，求一、二、三维空间的声子态密度？4、一维单原子链，原子质量m，晶格常数为 a，在平衡位置附近两原子间的相互作用势能为B、C 均为常数。只考虑最近邻原子作用（1）在简谐近似下，求色散关系、Debye温度和比热（2）考虑非简谐项，求Grueneisen常数和它的线膨胀系数5、求体心立方结构中具有最大面密度的晶面族，并求出这个最大面密度的表达式。7、用紧束缚近似求出简单立方晶格中原子s 态对应的能带的E(k)函数及能隙宽度。8、设有二维正方格子，晶体势场为yaxaVyxU2cos2cos4),(0用自由电子近似 的微扰论，近似地求出布里渊区顶角aa,处的能隙。3220)32()(CrBrrCaBaUrU文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 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HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 ZX9S4Q10K8V1学习好资料欢迎下载9、导出 Einstein模型中晶格热容的表达式，进一步指出此模型的优缺点。10、电子在周期场中的势能2221(),2mbxnanabxnab当()V x 0 ，xnab当(n-1)a+b其中 a4b，是常数(1)试画出此势能曲线，求其平均值.(2)用近自由电子近似模型求出晶体的第一个及第二个带隙宽度10、用紧束缚近似求出简单立方晶格中原子s 态对应的能带的E(k)函数及能隙宽度。11、证明体心立方晶格的倒格子是面心立方，面心立方晶格的倒格子是体心立方12、考虑一维双原子链，链上最近邻原子间的力常数交错地等于和 10，令两种原子的质量相等并且最近邻的间距为a/2。试求在q=0 和q=/a处的(q)，并粗略地画出色散关系曲线。13、设有一维晶体的电子能带可以写成)2cos81cos87()(22kakamakE其中 a 是晶格常数，试求：1）能带宽度；2）电子在波矢 k 的状态时的速度；文档编码:CK6X5M10J10G7 HW3P3B3I3M10 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