反渗透膜化学清洗技术(000001).pdf

反渗透膜化学清洗技术1、概要在反渗透系统运行过程中，反渗透膜表面会由于原水中泥泽、胶状物、有机物、微生物等污染物质的存在及膜分离过程中对难溶物质的浓缩而产生的沉积，进而形成对反渗透膜的污染。我们都知道，反渗透系统的预处理装置是为尽可能多地去除引起膜污染的物质而专门设计的，尽管如此，即便系统有着相当完善的预处理设备也不能完全避免膜在使用过程中的污染，所以需要在设备运行的过程中进行周期性的去除膜系统中污染物的作业，这个操作过程就叫做反渗透系统的就地清洗（CIP，Cleaning In Place）。反渗透膜被污染后，就会出现系统产水量减少、盐的透过率增加等膜性能方面的衰退。但由于反渗透设备在使用过程中，影响膜性能的其它主要因素（压力、温度等）的变化，膜污染的现象有可能被其它因素掩盖，因此应予以注意。目前，市面上大部分芳香聚酰胺反渗透复合膜，在较宽的pH值范围内具有相当的稳定性和一定的耐温性，所以用户可以对反渗透系统进行非常有效的清洗。多年的工程实践表明，若不及时对已产生一定程度污染的反渗透系统进行清洗处理，想较为彻底地去除已长时间附着膜表面的污染物是非常困难的。一般在考虑膜系统清洗方案时，应注意如下几点：应把清洗排放废液对环境的影响（EDTA，杀菌剂等）降低到最低限度。应尽可能使本次清洗过程去除污染物最大化。应在清洗时对膜的损伤最小化（应首先考虑选择对膜性能影响小的药剂）。在实际清洗操作时，在保证清洗效果的前提条件下，尽可能使清洗费用最低化2、反渗透膜发生污染的原因不恰当的预处理 系统配备预处理装置相对于原水水质及流量不合适，或在系统内未配备必要的工艺装置和工艺环节。预处理装置运行不正常，即系统原有的预处理设备对原水SDI 成分、浊度、胶状物等的去除能力较低，预处理效果不理想。系统选择了不恰当的设备或设备材质选择不正确（泵、配管及其它）。系统化学药品注入装置发生故障（酸、絮凝/助凝剂、阻垢/分散剂，还原剂及其它）。设备间断运行或系统停止使用后未采取适当的保护措施。运行管理人员不合理的设备操作与运用（回收率、产水量、浓缩水量、压差、清洗及其它）。膜系统内长时间的难溶沉淀物堆积。原水组份变化较大或水源特性发生了根本的改变。反渗透膜系统已发生了相当程度的微生物污染。3、膜污染物质分析 首先应认真分析在此之前所记录的、能反映设备运行状况的近期设备运行记录资料。分析原水水质。确认之前已做的清洗结果。分析系统运行时在测定SDI 值测试时留在滤膜上的异物质。分析反渗透系统配置的保安过滤器滤芯上的堆积物。检查原水流入系统的配管内部和反渗透膜的进水端的异物质。各种污染物质结垢时的表现（1）碳酸盐垢结垢后表现：标准渗透水流量下降，或是脱盐率下降。原因：膜表面浓差极化增加（2）铁/锰污染后表现：标准压差升高（主要发生在装置前端的膜元件），也可能引起透水量下降。通常锰和铁会同时存在。（3）硫酸盐垢若发生沉积，首先影响盐浓度最高的系统最后面的膜元件，表现为二段压差明显升高。需要用专用清洗剂。文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4（4）硅颗粒硅：污堵膜元件水流通道，导致系统压差升高。采用0.4%二氯胺对于溶解严重污染的硅垢是有效的。胶硅：与颗粒硅相似。溶解硅：形成硅酸盐析出，应采用二氯胺清洗。（5）悬浮物/有机物污堵表现：透水量下降，一段压差明显升高。若给水 SDI 大于 4 或浊度大于1，有机物污染的可能性较大。（6）微生物污堵表现：标准压差升高或标准透水量下降。可采用非氧化性杀菌剂加碱进行清洗。（7）铁细菌污堵表现：标准压差升高。可采用EDTA钠盐加碱进行清洗。4、反渗透系统清洗时机的判断与选择当有下述情况发生之时应对反渗透膜系统予以清洗 标准化后的设备产水量减少了1015%；标准化后的膜系统运行压力增加了15%；标准化后的膜系统盐透过率较初始正常值增加了1015%；运行压差较初始作业时增加了15%（建议以设备最初运行2548 小时所得到的运行记录为标准化后对比依据）反渗透设备的性能参数与压力、温度、pH值、系统水回收率及原水含盐浓度等诸多因素的变化有关。因此，依据初始试机时而得到的正常技术参数（产品水流量、压力、压差及系统脱盐率）作为依据及与标准化后现时系统数据比较是非常重要的。此外，清洗时间的选择也因使用反渗透设备地区的原水水质条件及环境特性的差异而有所不同，因此，有必要根据设备现场的条件施以适当的管理措施。但是无论如何，对于任何一个设计优良和管理完善的反渗透系统来说，文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4化学清洗的最短周期均应保证在累计连续运行3 个月以上，运转时间一般达到6-12 个月左右最好，否则就必须考虑对原有系统的预处理设备或其运行管理有所改善。5、清洗箱容积的确定及清洗液的用量计算清洗箱的容积和清洗液的用量可以通过以下几种方式计算而获得：1）运用压力容器的空体积和管道的空体积进行估算：压力容器的空体积为：V1=N R2L 其中：N=每次清洗时的压力容器数目 R=压力容器的半径 L=压力容器的有效长度管道空容积体积为：V2=L1d2/4 其中：L1=为清洗管道总长度 d=为清洗管道直径清洗箱总容积(即清洗液配制量)：V=1.2(V1+V2)2）根据膜元件的型号规格和污染程度来计算清洗箱的容积和清洗液的配制量：对于正常污染情况：一般按每根4 英寸的膜元件配制8.5 升的清洗液；每根8 英寸的膜元件按34 升来配制清洗液的方法来计算反渗透清洗箱的容积。对于污染较为严重的情况：每根 4 英寸膜元件配制16 升清洗液；每根8 英寸膜元件按55 升配制清洗液并由此而得到清洗箱的容积和清洗液的配制量。6、膜清洗过程文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F41）首先用反渗透产品水(最好采用反渗透产品水，也可以用符合反渗透进水标准的软化水或过滤水)冲洗反渗透膜组件和系统管道，2）用反渗透产品水至少应该是合格的软化水配制清洗液，并且保证混合均匀;在清洗前应反复确认清洗液pH值和温度是否适宜。3）首先用正常清洗流量的1/2 及 4060PSI 的运行压力向反渗透设备打入清洗液，并去除膜容器内部存留的水。并把刚开始循环回来的部分清洗液排掉，防止清洗液被稀释。在正常清洗时，清洗系统压力控制准则是采用几乎使系统不能产出纯水时的压力为最好（即清洗系统供给压力与原水和浓缩水间的压差大小相等）。因为合适的清洗运行压力可使反渗透膜面上重新堆积异物质的可能性降到最低的程度。4）清洗时，先将以前在压力容器内部存留的水排净.然后再把清洗过程产生浓缩水和产出水向清洗槽循环，并注意保持清洗液温度稳定。在开始进行循环清洗前，要首先确认清洗液温度和pH值是否已符合标准。并对其回流清洗液的浊度等直观情况进行确认：如果回流清洗液已明显变色或变浊则应重新准备清洗液；若回流清洗液pH变化值超过0.5 时，最好重新调整PH值或更换清洗液。5）在对系统进行化学清洗时，一般操作方法是：首先对需要清洗的压力容器采用低流量（1/2标准清洗流量）循环清洗515 分钟，然后再采用中流量（2/3 标准清洗流量）循环清洗1015分钟。6）然后停泵并关掉阀门，使膜元件浸泡在清洗液中，浸泡时间大致为1 个小时。如膜污染情况较为严重或是清洗较难去除的污染物，该过程的浸泡时间可适当延长。为保证长时间浸泡时的清洗液温度，也可采用反复进行循环与浸泡相结合的方式。一般说来清洗液的温度至少应保持在 20以上和40以下，适宜的清洗液温度可增强清洗效果；请注意:温度过低的清洗液可能在清洗过程中发生药品沉淀。当清洗液温度过低时，清洗应安排在将清洗液温度升高到较为合适的温度后在进行。清洗时各反渗透压力容器的流量控制压力容器直径（英寸）每个反渗透压力容器通过的标准清洗流量GPM m3/hr 2.5 5 1.1 4 10 2.3 8 40 9 文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F47）在正常清洗时，在结束清洗液的浸泡之后，以标准清洗流量再次循环清洗2060 分钟一般即可以结束清洗。然后再用同样容积的反渗透产品水对反渗透膜组件进行冲洗，并将冲洗水排入下水道中。在确认冲洗干净后，即可重新运行反渗透设备。我们建议至少应排放掉在化学清洗后重新运行系统后15 分钟内所生产出的产品水.并在对现场系统产品水水质进行认真的化学分析结果确认后，再将系统运行所得到的系统产出水打入产品水水箱。另外，在采用多种药品进行清洗时，为防止化学药品之间的化学反应，在每次进行清洗前产品水侧排出的水最好也应排净。若是多级设备，建议分级进行清洗，以避免流量无法控制的局面即第一级流量太少或最末级流量过多，这样做，也可以防止在第一级被洗掉的污染沉淀物又重新流入下一级，形成二次污染。8）若欲防止微生物的再次污染，在对系统进行清洗之后，可用膜厂商允许使用的杀菌溶液对膜系统进行灭菌清洗，其操作方式同前。请注意：对灭菌清洗后的冲洗务必要彻底,以避免将消毒液带入产品水中。7、附录聚酰胺复合膜元件一般清洗液清洗液污染物0.1%（W）NaOH或 1.%（W）Na4EDTA【pH12/30（最大值）】0.1%（W）NaOH或 0.025%（W）Na-SDS【pH12/30（最大值）】0.2%（W）HCl 盐酸1.0%（W）Na2S2O40.5%（W）H3PO4磷酸1.0%（W）NH2SO3H 2.0%（W）柠檬酸无机盐垢(如 CaCO3)最好可以可以可以硫酸盐垢（CaSO4BaSO4）最好可以金属氧化物（如铁）最好可以可以可以无机胶体（淤泥）最好文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4硅可以最好微生物膜可以最好有机物作第一步清洗可以作第一步清洗最好作第二步清洗最好1、（W）表示有效成分的重量百分含量；2、按顺序污染物化学符号为：CaCO3 表示碳酸钙；CaSO4表示硫酸钙；BaSO4表示硫酸钡。3、按顺序清洗化学品符号为：NaOH 表示氢氧化钠；Na4EDTA表示乙二胺四乙酸四纳；Na-SDS表示十二烷基苯磺酸钠盐，又名月硅酸钠；HCl 表示盐酸；Na2S2O4表示亚硫酸氢钠；H3PO4表示磷酸；NH2SO3H表示亚硫酸氢胺。4、为了有效清洗硫酸盐垢，必须尽早的发现和处理，由于硫酸盐垢的溶解度随清洗液含盐量增加而增加，可以在NaOH 和 Na4EDTA的清洗液中添加NaCl，当结垢一周以上时，硫酸盐垢的清洗成功性值得怀疑。5、柠檬酸是无机盐垢的可选清洗剂。文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6 ZZ8Q5A1J3F4文档编码:CN10K7D6J6A10 HR2Y3H7S5P6