12月大学英语四级真题（含答案）-1.docx

12月大年夜学英语四级检验真题第1套PartWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheimpactoftheInternetonlearningandthenexplainwhyeducationdoesntsimplymeanlearningtoobtaininformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A)Thewomanisnowworkinginakindergarten.B)Themanwillsoonstartabusinessofhisown.C)Themanwouldliketobeahighschoolteacher.D)Thewomanisgoingtomajorinchildeducation.2.A)Thefurniturehastoberearranged.C)Theconferenceroomhastobecleaned.B)Thesoundequipmenthastobesetup.D)Thevideomachinehastobechecked.3.A)Sheisexhausted.C)Shecannotfinishworkintime.B)Sheisnear-sighted.D)Shecannotgostraighthome.4.A)Thewomanistooparticularaboutfood.C)Thewomanshouldorderherfoodquickly.B)Hewouldratherhaveamealanhourlater.D)Heusuallyprefersice-creamtosandwiches.5.A)Heisnotagoodmechanic.C)Hespendshissparetimedoingrepairs.B)Hedoesntkeephispromises.D)Heisalwaysreadytoofferhelptoothers.6.A)Samhasabigfamilytosupport.B)Samisnotinterestedintraveling.C)Thepayofferedbythetravelagencyistoolow.D)Theworkhoursinthetravelagencyaretoolong.7.A)Internationaltrade.C)Financialconsulting.B)Productdevelopment.D)Domesticretailing.8.A)Goonabusinesstrip.C)Makeaticketreservation.B)LookforajobinMiami.D)Takeavacation.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)ItislocatedonRoute18.C)Itisabeautifullittletown.B)Ithasaninterestingmuseum.D)ItliessevenmileseastofNewton.10.A)Theyareinoppositedirections.C)Theyarequiteclosetoeachother.B)Theyarefifty-fivemilesapart.D)TheyarealongdrivefromNorwalk.11.A)TheyareconnectedbyRoute7.C)Theyhavelotsofoldhouses.B)Theyarecrowdedwithtourists.D)Theyhavemanyrareplants.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)BringhimuptodateonthecurrentsituationinMilan.B)InformhimofthearrangementsforhistripinItaly.C)FetchthedocumentssignedbyMrGartner.D)AccompanyMrGartnertotheLinateairport.13.A)About8:30.C)About5:30.B)About6:30.D)About4:15.14.A)MrGartnerfromMilan.C)Thecompanyssalesrepresentative.B)GianniRivaatMegastar.D)GavinfromtheChamberofCommerce.15.A)Travelagent.C)Secretary.B)Businessmanager.D)Saleswoman.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Shehadadesiretohelpothers.C)Sheneededsomeoverseasexperience.B)Shewantedtofindoutmoreaboutit.D)Shewasinterestedinfarming.17.A)Carryoutaculturalexchangeprogram.C)LearnPortuguese.B)Workonanagriculturalproject.D)TeachEnglish.18.A)Shefounditdifficulttosecureajobinherowncountry.B)ShewantedtorenewhercontactwiththePeaceCorps.C)ShewasinvitedtoworkasanEnglishteacher.D)Shecouldnotgetthecountryoutofhermind.19.A)ByteachingadditionalEnglishclasses.B)BywritingstoriesforAmericannewspapers.C)ByworkingparttimeforthePeaceCorps.D)Bydoingoddjobsforlocalinstitutions.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A)Timespentexercising.C)Timespentonleisureactivities.B)Timespentworking.D)Timespentwithfriendsandfamily.21.A)Reading.C)Eatingout.B)SurfingtheWeb.D)WatchingTV.22.A)Driving.C)Goingtothepub.B)Gardening.D)Visitingfriends.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Thecardriverwastryingtoavoidhittingarabbit.B)Thecardriverwaspartlyresponsiblefortheaccident.C)McLaughlinwastalkingtohismanagerwhiledriving.D)McLaughlinscarelessnessresultedinthecollision.24.A)Hecrashedintoacarparkedthere.C)Hetoredownthecompanysmaingate.B)Heknockeddownseveralmailboxes.D)Hedidseriousdamagetoaloadedtruck.25.A)Hewilllosehisjob.C)Hewillbefinedheavily.B)Hewillhavetopaydamages.D)Hewillreceiveretraining.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。WhenCaptainCookaskedthechiefsinTahitiwhytheyalwaysate26,theyreplied,“Becauseitisright.IfweaskAmericanswhytheyeatwithknivesandforks,orwhytheirmenwearpants27skirts,orwhytheymaybemarriedtoonlyonepersonatatime,wearelikelytoget28andveryuninformativeanswers：“Becauseitsright.“Becausethatsthewayitsdone.“Becauseitsthe29.Oreven“Idontknow.Thereasonfortheseandcountlessotherpatternsofsocialbehavioristhattheyare30bysocialnormssharedrulesorguidelineswhichprescribethebehaviorthatisappropriateinagivensituation.Norms31howpeople“oughttobehaveunderparticularcircumstancesinaparticularsociety.Weconform(遵守)tonormssoreadilythatwearehardlyawarethey32.Infact,wearemuchmorelikelytonotice33fromnormsthanconformitytothem.Youwouldnotbesurprisedifastrangertriedtoshakehandswhenyouwereintroduced,butyoumightbealittle34iftheybowed,startedtostrokeyou,orkissedyouonboth35.Yeteachofthe搜索引擎优化therformsofgreetingisappropriateinotherpartsoftheworld.Whenwevisitanothersocietywhosenormsaredifferent,wequicklybecomeawarethatthingswedothisway,theydothatway.PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdoesittaketobeawell-trainednurse?Theanswerusedtobetwo-yearassociatesorfour-yearbachelorsdegreeprograms.Butasthenursingshortage36,agrowingnumberofschoolsandhospitalsareestablishing“fast-trackprogramsthatenablecollegegraduateswithnonursing37tobecomeregisterednurseswithonlyayearorsoof38training.In1991,therewereonly40fast-trackcurricula;nowtherearemorethan200.TypicalisColumbiaUniversitysEntrytoPracticeprogram.Studentsearntheirbachelorofscienceinnursinginayear.Thosewhostayonforan39twoyearscanearnamastersdegreethat40themasnursepractitioners(执业护士)orclinicalnursespecialists.Manystudentsarerecent41;othersarecareerswitchers.RudyGuardron,32,a2004graduateofColumbiasprogram,wasapremedicalstudentincollegeandthenworkedforapharmaceutical(药物的)researchcompany.AtColumbia,hewas42asanursepractitioner.“Isawthatnurseswereinhigh43anditlookedlikeareallygoodopportunity,hesays.“Also,Ididntwanttobeinschoolforthatlong.Thefast-tracktrendfillsaneed,butitsalsocreatingsome44betweennewcomersandveterans.“Nursesthatarestillatthebedside45thesekidswithsuspicion,saysLindaPellico,whohastaughtnursingatYaleUniversityfor18years.“Theywonder,howcantheydoitquicker?Theansweristheydont.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)additionalB)appliedC)demandD)excessiveE)experienceF)exploresG)graduatesH)operationsI)promoteJ)qualifiesK)specializedL)tensionM)trainedN)viewO)worsensSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Theri搜索引擎优化fthesharingeconomyA)Lastnight40000peoplerentedaccommodationfromaservicethatoffers250000roomsin30000citiesin192countries.Theychosetheirroomsandpaidforeverythingonline.Buttheirbedswereprovidedbyprivateindividuals,ratherthanahotelchain.HostsandguestswerematchedupbyAirbnb,afirmbasedinSanFrancisco.Sinceitslaunchin2008morethan4millionpeoplehaveusedit2.5millionofthemin2012alone.Itisthemostprominentexampleofahugenew“sharingeconomy,inwhichpeoplerentbeds,cars,boatsandotherassetsdirectlyfromeachother,co-ordinatedviatheinternet.B)Youmightthinkthisisnodifferentfromrunningabed-and-breakfast(家庭旅店),owningatimeshare(分时度假房)orparticipatinginacarpool.Buttechnologyhasreducedtransactioncosts,makingsharingassetscheaperandeasierthaneverandthereforepossibleonamuchlargerscale.Thebigchangeistheavailabilityofmoredataaboutpeopleandthings,whichallowsphysicalassetstobedividedandconsumedasservices.Beforetheinternet,rentingasurfboard,apowertooloraparkingspacefromsomeoneelsewasfeasible,butwasusuallymoretroublethanitwasworth.NowwebsitessuchasAirbnb,RelayRidesandSnapGoodsmatchupownersandrenters;smartphoneswithGPSletpeopleseewherethenearestrentablecarisparked;socialnetworksprovideawaytocheckuponpeopleandbuildtrust;andonlinepaymentsystemshandlethebilling.Whatsmineisyours,forafeeC)Justaspeer-to-peerbusinesseslikeeBayallowanyonetobecomearetailer,sharingsitesletindividualsactasanadhoc(临时的)taxiservice,car-hirefirmorboutiquehotel(精品旅店)asandwhenitsuitsthem.Justgoonlineordownloadanapp.Themodelworksforitemsthatareexpensivetobuyandarewidelyownedbypeoplewhodonotmakefullu搜索引擎优化fthem.Bedroomsandcarsarethemostobviousexamples,butyoucanalsorentcampingspacesinSweden,fieldsinAustraliaandwashingmachinesinFrance.Asadvocatesofthesharingeconomyliketoputit,accesstrumps(胜过)ownership.D)RachelBotsman,theauthorofabookonthesubject,saystheconsumerpeer-to-peerrentalmarketaloneisworth$26billion.Broaderdefinitionsofthesharingeconomyincludepeer-to-peerlendingorputtingasolarpanelonyourroofandsellingpowerbacktothegrid(电网).Anditisnotjustindividuals:thewebmakesiteasierforcompaniestorentoutspareofficesandidlemachines,too.Butthecoreofthesharingeconomyispeoplerentingthingsfromeachother.E)Such“collaborative(合作的)consumptionisagoodthingforseveralreasons.Ownersmakemoneyfromunderusedassets.AirbnbsayshostsinSanFranciscowhorentouttheirhomesdosoforanaverageof58nightsayear,making$9300.CarownerswhorenttheirvehiclestoothersusingRelayRidesmakeanaverageof$250amonth;somemakemorethan$1000.Renters,meanwhile,paylessthantheywouldiftheyboughttheitemthemselves,orturnedtoatraditionalprovidersuchasahotelorcar-hirefirm.Andthereareenvironmentalbenefits,too:rentingacarwhenyouneedit,ratherthanowningone,meansfewercarsarerequiredandfewerresourcesmustbedevotedtomakingthem.F)Forsociablesouls,meetingnewpeoplebystayingintheirhomesispartofthecharm.Curmudgeons(倔性情的人)whoimaginethateveryrenterisamurderercanstillstayatconventionalhotels.Forothers,thewebfosterstrust.Aswellasthebackgroundcheckscarriedoutbyplatformowners,onlinereviewsandratingsareusuallypostedbybothpartiestoeachtransaction,whichmakesiteasytospotbaddrivers,bathrobe-thievesandsurfboard-wreckers.ByusingFacebookandothersocialnetworks,participantscancheckeachotheroutandidentifyfriends(orfriendsoffriends)incommon.AnAirbnbuserhadherapartmenttrashedin2011.Buttheremarkablethingishowwellthesystemusuallyworks.PeeringintothefutureG)Thesharingeconomyisalittlelikeonlineshopping,whichstartedinAmerica15yearsago.Atfirst,peoplewereworriedaboutsecurity.Buthavingmadeasuccessfulpurchasefrom,say,Amazon,theyfeltsafebuyingelsewhere.Similarly,usingAirbnboracar-hireserviceforthefirsttimeencouragespeopletotryotherofferings.Next,considereBay.Havingstartedoutasapeer-to-peermarketplace,itisnowdominatedbyprofessional“powersellers(manyofwhomstartedoutasordinaryeBayusers).Thesamemayhappenwiththesharingeconomy,whichalsoprovidesnewopportunitiesforenterprise.Somepeoplehaveboughtcarssolelytorentthemout,forexample.H)Existingrentalbusinessesaregettinginvolvedtoo.Avis,acar-hirefirm,hasashareinasharingrival.SodoGMandDaimler,twocarmakers.Infuture,companiesmaydevelophybrid(混淆的)models,listingexcesscapacity(whethervehicles,equipmentorofficespace)onpeer-to-peerrentalsites.Inthepast,newwaysofdoingthingsonlinehavenotdisplacedtheoldwaysentirely.Buttheyhaveoftenchangedthem.JustasinternetshoppingforcedWal-martandTescotoadapt,soonlinesharingwillshakeuptransport,tourism,equipment-hireandmore.I)Themainworryisregulatoryuncertainty.Willroom-rentersbesubjecttohoteltaxes,forexample?InAmsterdamofficialsareusingAirbnblistingstotrackdownunlicensedhotels.InsomeAmericancities,peer-to-peertaxiserviceshavebeenbannedafterlobbyingbytraditionaltaxifirms.Thedangeristhatalthoughsomerulesneedtobeupdatedtoprotectconsumersfromharm,existingrentalbusinesseswilltrytodestroycompetition.Peoplewhorentoutroomsshouldpaytax,ofcourse,buttheyshouldnotberegulatedlikeaRitz-Carltonhotel.Thelighterrulesthattypicallygovernbed-and-breakfastsaremorethanadequate.J)Thesharingeconomyisthelatestexampleoftheinternetsvaluetoconsumers.Thisemergingmodelisnowbiganddisruptive(颠覆性的)enoughforregulatorsandcompaniestohavewokenuptoit.Thatisasignofitsimmensepotential.Itistimetostartcaringaboutsharing.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Sharingitemssuchascarsdoesgoodtotheenvironment.47.Airbnbssuccessclearlyillustratestheemergenceofahugesharingeconomy.48.Themajorconcernaboutthesharingeconomyishowthegovernmentregulatesit.49.Themostfrequentlyshareditemsarethoseexpensivetobuybutnotfullyused.50.Thesharingeconomyhasapromisingfuture.51.Onlinesharingwillchangethewaybusinessisdoneintransportation,travel,rentals,etc.52.Airbnbisawebsitethatenablesownersandrenterstocompletetransactionsonline.53.Thesharingeconomyislikelytogothewayofonlineshopping.54.Oneadvantageofsharingisthatownersearnmoneyfromrentingoutitemsnotmadefullu搜索引擎优化f.55.Sharingappealstothesociableinthattheycanmeetnewpeople.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilardistraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,peopleshungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchtheydeatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodtheydseeninfrontoftheminotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdisparity(差异)suggestst