[工程科技]道路规划与设计一、PIARC.ppt

工程科技道路规划与设计一、PIARC Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望道路规划与设计一、学习内容一、学习内容(一一)国内外科技发展概况国内外科技发展概况 1.近期国外道路科技发展趋势近期国外道路科技发展趋势 2.中国交通科技发展中国交通科技发展 3.国家高速公路网规划国家高速公路网规划 4 当前道路规划与路线设计方面的主要研究热点当前道路规划与路线设计方面的主要研究热点(二二)汽车构造和汽车理论汽车构造和汽车理论 1.汽车传动系统及其发动机汽车传动系统及其发动机 2.汽车的动力平衡汽车的动力平衡 3.汽车的动力特性图和经济特性图汽车的动力特性图和经济特性图道路规划与设计(三三)道路几何设计和技术标准道路几何设计和技术标准1.新公路工程技术标准和公路路线设计规范学习新公路工程技术标准和公路路线设计规范学习2.美、德、日各国道路技术标准的比较分析美、德、日各国道路技术标准的比较分析(四四)道路交通安全与道路设计道路交通安全与道路设计(五五)现代化测设设备现代化测设设备(全站仪、全站仪、GPS、航测等、航测等)简介及其在道简介及其在道路工程中的应用路工程中的应用(六六)道路规划设计中的环境评价和景观设计道路规划设计中的环境评价和景观设计 道路规划与设计二、主要参考资料二、主要参考资料公路工程技术标准公路工程技术标准JTG B01-2003公路路线设计规范公路路线设计规范JTG D20-2006 公路项目安全性评价指南公路项目安全性评价指南JTG/T B05-2004汽车构造汽车构造，吉林工大编，人民交通出版社，1987年；汽车理论汽车理论，清华大学编，机械工业出版社，1989年；公路与城市道路几何设计公路与城市道路几何设计，AASHTO标准，西北工业大学出版社，1988年；公路设计指南公路设计指南，陈胜营等，人民交通出版社，2000年日本公路技术标准的解说和运用日本公路技术标准的解说和运用,日本道路协会，人民交通出版社，1979年；德国的道路设计德国的道路设计，Durth讲，景天然译，人民交通出版社，1987年；道路通行能力手册，道路通行能力手册，美国交委会专题报告209号，中国建筑工业出版社，1991年；道路安全工程道路安全工程，郭忠印、方守恩，人民交通出版社，2003年9月新理念公路设计指南（新理念公路设计指南（2005年版）年版），交通部公路司，人民交通出版社，2005年11月道路规划与设计二、主要参考资料二、主要参考资料A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets AASHTO 2004 Road Safety Audit(Second Edition)AUSTROADS 2002Safer Roads:A Guide to Road Safety Engineering，K.W.Ogden,Avebury Technical，1996；日本道路构造令日本道路构造令2004年年；国内外科技发展动态同济大学交通运输工程学院方守恩一、国际道路协会（PIARC）介绍Permanent International Association of Road Congress历史l成立于1908年l现每4年召开一次会议l至今已召开过22届l19131923年 第一次世界大战l19381951年 第二次世界大战l2000年拥有97个国家会员，2000名个人会员届次召开年份会议地点11908法国 巴黎 Paris 21910比利时 布鲁塞尔 Brussels31913英国 伦敦 London 第一次世界大战期间41923西班牙 塞维利亚 Seville51926意大利 米兰 Milan61930美国 华盛顿 Washington71934德国 慕尼黑 Munich81938荷兰 海牙 The Hague届次召开年份会议地点第二次世界大战期间91951西班牙 里斯本 Lisbon101953土耳其 伊斯丹堡 Istanbul111959巴西 里约热内卢 Rio de Janeiro121964意大利 罗马 Rome131967日本 东京 Tokyo141971捷克斯洛伐克 布拉克 Prague151975墨西哥 墨西哥城 Mexico City161979奥地利 维也纳 Vienna171983澳大利亚 悉尼 Sydney181987比利时 布鲁塞尔 Brussels191991摩洛哥 马拉喀什 Marrakesh201995加拿大 蒙脱利尔 Montreal211999马来西亚 吉隆坡 Kuala Lumpur222003南非共和国 德班市 Durban历史l中国1922年入会l1979年参加会议并提出复会申请l1983年恢复会员国地位中心议题(19832003)17届，1983悉尼18届，1987布鲁塞尔19届，1991马拉喀什20届，1995蒙脱利尔21届，1999吉隆坡22届，2003德班议题1土工,排水,路基土工,排水,路基道路政策道路行政管理基础设施资产管理道路技术议题2路面建筑和养护柔性路面道路建筑和养护交通与城市空间规划用户感觉与道路管理道路运输、宜人性和可持续发展议题3公路干道刚性路面道路营运和管理道路施工质量保证可持续发展的运输道路及其运营议题4城市道路公路干道道路安全道路补强与养护管理通讯及信息革命与道路道路系统的技术与行政管理议题5发展中国家道路城市道路道路系统的有效运行道路与道路运输适宜的发展水平议题6发展中国家道路合理的道路发展水平Theme 1-Road Technology1.Analysestodefinefunctionalandqualityrequirementsrequestedbyusers2.Life-cyclecostanalysesanddevelopmentofproduction and products from the client,operatorand user points of view,including recycled andmarginalmaterials3.Taking account of innovations and the results ofresearch,and promoting their utilisation,whendevelopingbestpracticesandgivingrecommendations4.Adapting appropriate technologies to developingcountries(DC)andcountriesintransition(CIT)5.Promoting the development of durable highwaystructures that can be kept in efficient and safeoperationTheme 2-Road Transport,Livability and Sustainable Development 1.General consequences of the Kyoto agreement,including quantitative analyses of technical,social,andpoliticalissuesaddressingroadpolicies2.Howtoimprovecommunicationbetweencommunityanddecision-makers3.Developmentofintegratedinterurbantransport4.Theimpactsandconsequencesoflanduseplanningontransportdemand5.Integratedtransportinurbanareas6.How to promote non-motorised trips in urbanplanning Understanding of the contribution ofefficient movement of freight to national andinternationaleconomiesTheme 3-Road and Road Transport OperationsTheme 3-Road and Road Transport Operations 1.Risk management(including natural,industrial,technical,etc.,risks)2.Keeping the road network,including bridges andtunnels,insafe,useableoperationinallconditions3.Trafficdemandmanagement,includinginvestigatingtheopportunitiesforintegratedinformationflowstotravellers4.How to develop the concept of a fully integratedhigh quality transport network operator role,e.g.how to operate a major road network to servicestandardsandslotbookinginthesamewayasrail,airandseaservices5.The promotion of global technology standards tomaximiseopportunities6.To understand the safety responses to manyadvances,including the identification of safetyissueswhichareprioritiesfordevelopingcountriesTheme 4-Management and Administration of the Theme 4-Management and Administration of the Road System Road System 1.Developing,improving and implementing assetmanagementprocesses2.Management and technology systems within anintegratedtransportsystem3.Utilisation of the results of the PIARC/HDM-4projectinimprovingroadmanagement4.Effectivecoordinationbetweennetworkmanagers,operatorsandthecommunity5.Makingmoreefficientuseoftheroadbudget6.Introductionofnewformsofroadfinancing7.Introductionofroadpricing8.Organizationalstructureandeffectiveperformancemanagementwithinroadadministrations9.TheroleandapplicationofPublicPrivatePartnerships(PPPs)intheprovision,operationandmaintenanceoftheroadnetworkTheme 5-Appropriate Levels of Road and Road Transport Theme 5-Appropriate Levels of Road and Road Transport DevelopmentDevelopment 1.EvaluateeffectivenessofPIARCtechnologytransfer2.Development of techniques to facilitate the exchange oftechnologyamongandwithinPIARCmembercountriesandprofessionals3.Improveunderstandingoftheneedsofdevelopingcountries4.Adaptingtransportationpolicytousersexpectation5.Addressingproblems of traffic congestion,environment andmobilityinurbanareasofdevelopingcountriesandcountriesintransition6.EvaluationmethodsforroadinvestmentprioritiesinDCsandCITsandruralandremoteareas7.Develop relationships with international technology transferandfinancingorganizations8.Applicationofroadusercharges,particularlyincountriesintransition,in some developing countries and in rural andremoteareas9.Analysesofroadusercostsandqualityofservicelevelsforvarioustransportmodes10.Publicconsultation11.TechnicalstandardsforDCsandCITsPIARC Technical Committee(C1)PIARC Technical Committee(C1)This Committee was created in 1938 during theCongressofTheHagueunderthenameTechnicalCommitteeonSkidResistance.qMethodsandsystemstomeasuresurfacecharacteristicsincludingusingtheresultsfromthetwointernationalexperimentscarriedoutbyPIARConfriction,textureandevenness,qNoiseemissionmeasurement,qPavement/vehicleinteraction,qIndicatorstodefinepavementqualityofuse.PIARC Technical Committee on Community Consultation(C2)PIARC Technical Committee on Community Consultation(C2)ThisCommitteewascreatedin2000aftertheKualaLumpurCongress.qImproveusersandpublicsunderstandingandexpectations,qInventoryofsuccessfulpractices,qDevelopnewmethodologiesforpublicconsultation.Themethodsmustmakeadistinctionbetweenwhatisdoneforroadandroadtransportpolicies,programmesandprojects.Methods shall enhance the communicationpolicy.PIARC Technical Committee on Technological Exchanges and PIARC Technical Committee on Technological Exchanges and Development(C3)Development(C3)ThisCommitteewascreatedin1953forthepreparationoftheIstanbulCongress.IthadbeensuccessivelycalledTechnical Committee on Low-Volume Roads andTechnicalCommitteeonRoadsinDevelopingRegions.qContinue identification/coordination with PIARCTechnicalCommitteesonadvancesintheStateoftheArt,qContinueidentificationofmethodsofsuccessfultechnologytransfers,qFacilitate identification of needs among developingcountries,qSupplement the training of road engineers with ahumanandsocialfacet(sociologyandsocialPIARC Technical Committee on Interurban Roads and PIARC Technical Committee on Interurban Roads and Integrated Interurban Transport(C4)Integrated Interurban Transport(C4)ThisCommitteewascreatedin1953fortheIstanbulCongress.IthadbeensuccessivelycalledTechnicalCommitteeonTraffic,Technical Committee on Traffic and Safety,Committee onInterurban Roads and during 1996-1999:Committee onRoads,TransportandRegionalDevelopment.qMobility.qRegionaldevelopmentandlandplanning.qIntegration,intermodalityandinteroperabilityofthedifferenttransportmodes.qEmergingtransportmodes.qDevelopmentofpublicconsultation.qCross-disciplinarymethodsandskills.qRuralroads.qAlignmentdesign.qRoadsidefeaturesPIARC Technical Committee on Road Tunnel Operation(C5)PIARC Technical Committee on Road Tunnel Operation(C5)ThisCommitteewascreatedin1957fortheRiodeJaneiroCongress.ItwascalledCommitteeonRoadTunnelsuptotheendof1999.qOperation methods according to economic and safetycriteria,qEquipment,qAdaptationandimprovementofstructuresinservice,qTrainingworkforces,qRiskanalysis,qFollow-upontheconclusionsoftheprojectTransportofDangerousGoodsthroughTunnels.PIARC Technical Committee on Road Management(C6)PIARC Technical Committee on Road Management(C6)This Committee was created in 1965 after the RomeCongress.It had been successively called TechnicalCommitteeonWinterMaintenance,TechnicalCommitteeonMaintenanceandManagement.Assetmanagementmethodstakingaccountof:qTransportmanagement,qLevelsofservice,qManagementandmaintenancequality,qEconomicmanagement/predictionmodels.PIARC Technical Committee on Road Pavements(C7/8)PIARC Technical Committee on Road Pavements(C7/8)This Committee was created in 1962 for the RomeCongress.It was then called Technical Committee onPavement Design which had been separated into C7(Concrete Roads)and C8(Flexible Roads)in 1965.The activities of the Technical Committee on Testing ofRoadMaterials(C2)whichwascreatedinMunichin1934,weretransferredtoC7andC8in1992.In2000,thosetwoCommitteesmergedintoonesingleTechnicalCommittee:C7/8.Design of flexible,mixed,concrete and compositepavementsaccordingtodurability,economicandenvironmentalcriteria:qDesignmethodsandstandards,qSelectionofmaterials,recycling,needsinmaterials,qMaintenanceandstrengthening.PIARC Technical Committee on Economic and Financial PIARC Technical Committee on Economic and Financial Evaluation(C9)Evaluation(C9)This Committee was created in 1971 during the PragueCongress.It was then called Economic and FinanceCommittee.qRoadpricingpolicy,qRoadinfrastructurefinancingmodes,qCaseofroadsinruralareas,qCostrecovery,qChangeinrisksharingfromnewfinancingmethods.PIARC Technical Committee on Urban Areas and Integrated PIARC Technical Committee on Urban Areas and Integrated Urban Transport(C10)Urban Transport(C10)This Committee was created in 1976 after the Mexico Congress.Up to 1991 it was called Committee on Roads in Urban Areas.Then,until 1999,it was called Committee on Urban Areas.qRelationshipbetweentransportandurbanplanninganddevelopment,qImprovement of road network integration with publictransportsystems,qSharing urban roadways among the various transportmodes,includingnon-motorisedtransport,qEmergingtransportmodes,qIntegrated payment systems for the use of roadinfrastructurebypublictransportandparkingfacilities.PIARC Technical Committee on Road Bridges and other PIARC Technical Committee on Road Bridges and other Structures(C11)Structures(C11)ThisCommitteedealswithmanagementandmaintenanceofroadbridges,butnotwithdesigningnewbridges.Thismatter is dealt with by another international association(IABSEInternationalAssociationforBridgeandStructuralEngineering)ThisCommitteewascreatedin1980aftertheVienna Congress.Up to 1999 included,it was calledCommitteeonRoadBridges.qAssetmanagement,qInvestigativemethodsoftheconditionofstructures,qRisk analysis and reliability of structures(bridges andotherstructures,excludingtunnels)takingaccountofthewholelifeofthestructure,lifecycleanalysis,qAppropriateoperationmethodologies.PIARC Technical Committee on Earthworks,Drainage,PIARC Technical Committee on Earthworks,Drainage,Subgrade(C12)Subgrade(C12)This Committee was created in 1984 after the XVIIth World Road Congress(Sydney).qDesignandconstruction.qSoilupgrading.qUseoflocalmaterialsandwastes.qWatermovementsandimprovementofdrainagesystems.qRiskmanagement.qPre-standardization.PIARC Technical Committee on Road Safety(C13)PIARC Technical Committee on Road Safety(C13)This Committee was created in 1988 after the XVIIIthWorldRoadCongress(Brussels).qRoadsafetyaudits,qEvaluationmethodsofsafetyconcepts,qRoaddesignstandardsrelatedtosafety,qUserbehaviouranalysis,qEnforcement,qRoadsafetyeducation.PIARC Technical Committee on Sustainable Development and PIARC Technical Committee on Sustainable Development and Road Transport(C14)Road Transport(C14)This Committee was created in 1988 after the XVIIIthWorldRoadCongress(Brussels).ItwascalledCommitteeontheEnvironmentuntil1999.qConsequencesoftheKyotoProtocolandglobalwarmingonroadpolicies,qEvaluation of the impacts of transport policies onemployment,health,andbiodiversity,qNoiseandtoxicemissionslimitsinurbanareas,qPublic consultation methods,making a distinctionbetweenprogrammesandprojects.PIARC Technical Committee on Performance of Road PIARC Technical Committee on Performance of Road Administrations(C15)Administrations(C15)This Committee was created in 1996 after the MontralCongress.qNew management and organization modes of RoadAdministrations,qPublic/private and public/public management and risksharing,qNewpublicroadauthoritycompetenceforregulationincaseofpublic/privateandpublic/publicconcessions,qQualitysystemsperformanceindicators,qOptimalresourceallocation,qProcurementmethodsforworks.PIARC Technical Committee on Network Operations(C16)PIARC Technical Committee on Network Operations(C16)This Committee was created in 1996 after the MontralCongress.ItwascalledCommitteeonIntelligentTransportfrom1996to1999included.qRole and responsibility of road administrationsin roadnetworkoperations,qPublic/privatepartnership,qCooperation with administrations and organizationsinvolvedintrafficmanagement,qIntelligentroadinfrastructuremanagementmethods,qRealtimemonitoringofroadnetworks,qUserinformation,qIntermodalmanagementmeans.PIARC Technical Committee on Winter Maintenance(C17)PIARC Technical Committee on Winter Maintenance(C17)ThisTechnicalCommittee(since2000)wasfirstcreatedasaWorkingGroup.ThisCommitteeisrenewedeveryfouryears,butoneyearbeforetheotherTechnicalCommitteesbecause it is in charge of the technical documents ofPIARCWinterRoadCongresses.It has acted as the programme Committee of the XIthWinterRoadCongressinSapporo(Japan),28-31January2002.C17 is currently being set up in view of the XIIthInternationalWinterRoadCongresswhichwillbeheldinTurin-Sestrierein2006.PreparationofthetechnicalprogrammeanddocumentsofthePIARCInternationalWinterRoadCongress.PIARC Technical Committee on Risk Management for Roads PIARC Technical Committee on Risk Management for Roads(C18)(C18)This Technical Committee was first created as a PIARCWorking Group in 1991 in the framework of theInternational Decade for Natural Disaster Reductiondecided by UNO(1990-1999).It was called WorkingGrouponNaturalDisasterReduction.ItbecameaPIARCTechnicalCommitteein2000.qIdentification and classification of natural or industrialrisks,qPreventionmethods,qRiskexposureplans,qCrisismanagement.PIARC Technical Committee on Freight Transport(C19)PIARC Technical Committee on Freight Transport(C19)In January 1997,this Technical Committee was firstcreatedasaPIARCWorkingGroup.In2000,itbecameaTechnica