2022年新大学英语四级考试听力部分讲义.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载新高校英语四级考试听力部分 讲义一.高校英语教学大纲对四级水平听力部分的要求能听懂英语讲课,并能听懂题材熟识、句子结构比较简洁、基本上无生词、语速为每分钟130150 个单词的简短会话、谈话、报道或讲座,把握其中心大意,抓住要点和有关细节,领悟讲话者的观点和态度；听力试题一遍可以听懂,懂得的精确率应不低于 70；为了达到以上要求,同学必需把握肯定听力技能（四级时,把握以下听力技能：（1）辨别语流中的音素（2）辨别重音类型Listening Skills ）大纲要求同学在学完（3）懂得句子的声调,懂得表达不确定、疑问句、陈述句的升调以及反意疑问句的语调（4）懂得句子和话语的交际价值（5）通过声音的高低、快慢,辨认语篇中的要点和主要信息（6）作精确的判定（7）做笔记 二. 高校英语四级考试听力部分基此题型 1 对话第一部分通常是10 个对话 ,每个对话设一个小题,要求同学们依据对话内容从四个选项中挑选正确答案； A：8 组短对话,每组包括一个话轮,一组一个问题,共8 个问题 B：2 组长对话,每组长对话包括610 个话轮,对话后有34 个问题,两组共7 个问题；对话部分是日常生活中的一般对话,即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习等话题,可分为校内、公共场所、家庭等方面；2 短文一般是三篇120-140 字之间的短文 ,每篇短文后有三到四个问题,共 10 道小题；该部分主要测试同学们的整体懂得才能；短篇听力材料是题材熟识、情节不太复杂的故事、讲话、表达、对话等,如动物介绍、地区及高校情形介绍等；短文主要考查考生对文章大意、中心思想、重要细节的懂得与领悟,以及根据所猎取的相关信息,对文中的某些细节做出联想、判定,也有就短文中的某一事实和人物进行提问的题目；3 复合式听写名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载复合式听写由两部分组成；一是单词听写,要求同学们毫无差错地填出短文所缺单词；另一种是补全信息；一般是,每段的第一句主题句已经给出,要求填出具体细节内容说明主题,可以使用听到的原话 ,也可以使用自己的语言；复合式听写是最近几年考试改革的一个重要内容,其目的是为了能够客观地检测同学的听力水平；它包括对懂得才能 （即 “ 听”）和肯定的书面表达才能（即 “ 写” ）这两方面的测试；三高校英语四级考试命题规律与考察重点1对话部分 这一部分考察的重点有：1）地点依据对话内容判定对话发生的地点或对话中所提大事发生的地点是四级英语听力测试中常见 的也是比较重要的一个题型；地点题一般有以下几种：1依据信息词设题W : Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you. M : So do I. Let me call room service. Hello, room service. Please send a menu to 320 right away. Q: Where are the two speakers. A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table. B,其实 ,此题所借助的信息词是room C. In the street. D. At the man's house. 该题通过 hungry 和 menu 来困惑同学们 ,引导大家挑选service 和 320 这个房间号 ,答案是 A；M : Can you stay for dinner. W : I'd love to. But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school. Q: Where will the woman go first. A. To the school. B. To a friend's house. C. To the post office. D. Home 此题借助 registered mail 设题 ,答案是 C；但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题 ,要求同学们能听出 是“第一到的地方 ” ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载M : Excuse me, I'm looking for the emergency room. I thought that it was on the first floor. W : This is the basement. Take the elevator one flight up and turn left. Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place. A. In a library B. In a hotel. C. In a hospital. D. In an elevator 此题设题所依据的信息词是 emergency room,只要考生明白其语域就可判定答案为 C；2借助对话中提到的多个地点设题有时对话中提到的地点不只一个 ,这时 ,一般是将全部的地点都包括在选项之中；这种情形下 , 同学们不必考虑信息词问题 ,只要能将地点与其相关大事联系起来就可确定答案；如：M : I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back. W : He was just back from France besides visiting Britain, Germany, and Spain. Q: Which country did the woman visit first. A. France B. Britain ,要求同学们能够分清先后；答案为B；C. Germany D. Spain 四个地点都是拜访过的地点M : Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend. W : He'll be supposed to, but he won't be back from his trip until the next week. Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday. A. At the party B. At home C. Still on his trip D. Back from his trip. 此题是将地点与时间连在一起 ,要求同学们在听的同时留意区分每个大事所发生的时间 ,答案 为 C；2 ）职业、身份依据说话内容判定说话者的身份和职业是四级听力测试中又一常见题型；该题型的题项设计 有两种：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1 说话者自身的身份或职业依据谈话内容判定说话者一方的职业或身份：W : Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. I'm with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions. M : Not at all. Go ahead, please. Q: What is Susan Gray. A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student. 由 local newspaper 可以判定说话者是位记者 ,在采访；M : How about the food I ordered. I've been waiting for 20 minutes already. W : I'm very sorry, sir. I'll be back with your order in a minute. Q: Who is the man most probably speaking to. A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator. C. A waitress. D. A clerk. 与 order 有关的自然是 waitress,答案为 A；2说话双方之间的关系该题型是上一题型的延长,要求同学们能判定说话者双方的身份,问题常常是What's the relationship between the two speakers. W : How long will it take you to fix my watch. M : I'll call you when it's ready. But it shouldn't take longer than a week. Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers. A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller. C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman. 既然女士让男的 fix my watch, 说明对方是 repairman,而自己是 customer；M : Sorry to trouble you. But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket. I feel cold. W : I think we've got one. Could you wait until after take-off please. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers. A. A guest and a receptionist. C. A customer and a shop assistant. B. A passenger and an air hostess. D. A guest and a waitress. take-off 一词的使用说明女的是空姐 ,答案自然是 B；可以看出 ,职业、身份以及说话双方关系的挑选所依据的同样是信息词；当然 ,要判定双方的关 系,仍可以从说话的方式入手；如：M : Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown. W : Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original. Q: What's the relationship between the two speakers. A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client. C. Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient. 两人间说话的语气和方式说明是 "老板与秘书 "的关系；（3）运算题运算题在四级英语听力中属于比较难的题型,要求同学们不仅能辨论不同的时间、金钱等数量概念 ,仍应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算；如：M : Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano. Does he attend any piano classes. W : Yes, he takes lessons twice a week, but from next week on, he will go to the class on Saturday evenings, too. Q: How often will the woman's son have piano lessons from next week on. A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. D. Four times a week. C. Three times a week. 两次加一次自然是三次 ,答案是 C；W : Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons. M : Really. I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons. Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. Five lessons. 学习必备欢迎下载B. Three lessons. C. Twelve lessons D. Fifteen lessons. C 或 D,就不会出错；这是最简洁的运算题,只要同学们不将答案误认为是W : Here's a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight's show please. M : Sure. Two tickets and here is '1,40 change. Q: How much does one ticket cost. A. 1.40. B. 4.30. C. 6.40. D. 8.60 10 美元 ,两张票 ,找零 1.40 美元 ,说明每张票为 4.30 美元；从以上例子可以看出 ,含有数量概念的题 ,对话中提到的数量一般不行能为正确答案 ,总要同学们进行一些简洁的加减运算；（4）言外之意、弦外之音估量说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型；从试题的设计特点来看1对虚拟语气的考查,大体有一下几种：包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有 " 是与非 "相对的选项 ,这就要求同学们明白虚拟语气的表 意功能 ,依据虚拟语气判定正确选项；W : I'm thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think it's worth seeing. M : Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we learn from the conversation. A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesn't like Austin. D. The man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there. 说明说话人没有去过；W : If it hadn't been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o'clock. M : It's too bad you didn't make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you. Q: What happened to the woman. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. She got home before 9 o'clock. B. She had a bad cold. C. She had a car accident. D. She was delayed. If it hadn't been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o'clock.说明由于雪太大,说话者未能在 9 点前到家；也就是说she was delayed；2对建议的考查建议题要求同学们把握建议的各种表达方式,依据建议挑选正确选项；如：W : The movie starts in 5 minutes and there's bound to be a long time. M : Why don't we come back for the next show. I'm sure it would be less crowded. Q: What is the man suggesting. A. Coming back for a later show. B. Waiting in a queue. C. Coming back in five minutes. D. Not going to the movie today. Why don't . 上一种建议表达方式,依据该句所表达的内容可以判定答案是A；W : We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it. M : How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen？Q: What does the man suggest they should do. A. Finding a larger room. B. Sell the old table. C. Buy two bookshelves. D. Rearrange some furniture. 依据 moving the dining table to the kitchen来判定答案为D；建议的表达方式仍有：名师归纳总结 Why not . What do you think of .第 7 页,共 44 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载If I were you/If I were in your shoes, I wouldShall we . I suggest .You'd better/You ought to .3 对话题的考查话题指会话双方所谈论的话题,要求同学们具有概括才能；如：W : Do you want a day course or an evening course. M : Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day. Q: What are they talking about. A. The choice of courses. B. A day course. C. An evening course. D. Their work. 两个人谈论的是选白天的课仍是晚上的课,由此可以判定答案应当是A；M : I was terribly embarrassed when some of the audience got up and left in the middle of the performance. W : Well, some people just can't seem to appreciate the real-life drama. Q: What are they talking about. A. A movie. B. A lecture. a play；C. A play. D. A speech. 从对话中的audience, performance 与其说 drama 可以判定他们所谈论的是（4 同义表达方式的考查四级听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依靠于同义表达方式,也就是同学们对具体句 式、短语、词组甚至单词的懂得；如：M : What do you think of Professor Brown's lecture. W : The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Q: What does the woman say about the lecture. A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand. B. It was not as easy as she had expected. C. It was as difficult as she had expected. D. It was interesting and easy to follow. 与 much more difficult to follow than I had expected同义的应当是B；M : Nancy, why were you late today. W : I overslept and missed the bus. Q: Why was Nancy late. A. She got up later than usual. B. The bus was late. C. She forgot she had class. D. Her clock was slow. overslept 也就是 got up later than usual ；M : Did you mind coming back by coach instead of by train. W : No, we didn't mind at all. It took a lot longer, but it was very comfortable and it was much cheaper. Q: How did the woman feel about the coming back by coach. A. She felt it was tiring. B. She felt it was very nice. C. She felt it took less time. D. She thought it was expensive. 5从 comfortable 和 much cheaper 来看,女士的感觉应当是very nice,答案应当是B；上下文含义概念的考查有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类,但其实考查的是同学们对上下含义关系的把握；如：M : Let me see. I've printed my family name, first name, date of birth and address. Anything else. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载W : No, that's all right. We'll fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom. Q: What has the man been doing. A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form. C. Talking with a friend. D. Asking for information. 上义词为概括性词语,下义词所表示的就是具体的东西；此题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项 B；M : What happened to you. You are so late. W : The bus I took broke down in front of the hospital and I had to walk from there. Q: Why was the woman so late. A. Something went wrong with the bus. B. She took somebody to hospital. C. Something prevented her from catching the bus. D. She came on foot instead of taking a bus. Something went wrong 是对 the bus break down 的概括性表述；这一部分的短对话,通常都是一男一女的对话；在做这一类型的题目时,肯定要抓住关键词和场景这两个重要因素；通过捕获题目中的关键词来判定场景；四级听力常考的十大场景有：学习场景,天气场景,医院场景,打工场景,租房场景,消遣场景,餐馆场景,选题场景,论文场景,图书馆场景；英语是一种模式化的语言,在固定的场景中一一一一应用的表达法和词汇也相对固定,平常留意多积存场景高频词汇和惯用表达法,在听力短对话部分可以做到未听先知；长对话是四级题目中最新的面孔 ,之前从未显现过； 前四题是一个稍长的长对话 ,后三题基于一个稍短的长对话；依据最新样题的例证 ,长一些的长对话设计为 17 句,即八个短对话的长度 ,短一些的长对话为 12 句 ,既六个短对话的长度；其实 ,可以把它认为是短对话和听力短文的结合；由于长对话在四级的表现就是听力短文式的问题设置用短对话的形式进行表现；听长对话的时候 ,第一 ,位置感很重要；一般而言 ,对话时 ,开头的客套以及问候与结尾的道别终止语很少出题 ,而对话中段往往才是重点； 其次、边听边看 ,尽量在听的时候确定哪个选项能够最大程度的吻合 ,这是做短文听力的宗旨 ,同样适用于长对话；第三、长对话的源头应当是托福听力 校内、找工作、租房、图书馆等等高频场景将和考生见面；,所以 ,我们可以大胆猜测诸如长对话是小对话和短文的结合,假如说一人一句的短对话是点,那么长对话涉及的就是一个面；短对话的答案一般是“ 显而易见” 的,而长对话有时更依靠于推断和判定；尽管如此,长对话必定有一个中心议题,中心议题正是该“ 面” 的凝结点,对话双方都是环绕该中心而绽开话题,对于长对话而言,做出正确挑选的关键就是把握住对话的中心思想；短对话是把长对话中的某个 具体问答提炼了出来,而长对话就是把这些问答融入到一段两个人谈天或者交谈当中,其中有寒暄,有过渡,也有问答；而每每遇到问答的时候都是考官青睐的考点,而且考试的重点往往落在 答语上；这一点和短对话中表达的原就不谋而合；长对话的出题方式和短文的考察方法很类似,特殊是与人物生平进展或者故事类的题目很相像,即每一方面的内容只考察一道题目,而且通常名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载情形下,出题的次序和文章的次序是一样的；由于对话较多,长对话的场景就显得特殊重要,准 确判定对话的场景,对把握对话的中心思想是特别有帮忙的；常常显现的场景有：学习相关类学习相关类往往是长对话的重点；内容粗略可分为教务场景,选课场景, 补课场景和论文场景等；1） 教务场景 场景人物：由老师（导师）或学监等教务人员向同学说明一些学校课程的支配情形；场景涉及内容：学期方案,调课信息,考试支配,课程介绍等；解题思路：教务人员总是细致地描述各项事务的细节问题,时间,地点,方案推迟或变更的缘由 往往是考查的重点；常常显现的问题和答案 Q: Who is the speaker. A: teacher, professor, instructor, advisor Q: When does the talk take place. A: at the beginningin the middle, at the end of the semester Q: Where does the talk take place. A: classroom, lecture hall Q: What is the topic. A: changes in the schedule 常用的词汇和词组：midterm, finals, count for 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar, workshop 讲习班 , take attendance点名 , elementary, intermediate, advanced 等；2） 选课场景 场景人物：师生之间或同学之间谈论选课的话题 场景涉及的内容：同学是否有资格选某一门课,对于老师的谈论,课程的难易程度,选某一门课 的好处和坏处；解题思路：同学觉得课程太难,负荷太重；常用的词汇和词组：required, compulsory, elective, selective, optional, course, description, catalog, bulletin, prerequisite course 预修课程 , preliminary course 预备课程 , such a heavy load, excellent reputation, drop a course 退修课程 等；3） 补课场景 场景人物：同学之间补课；场景涉及的内容：通常是某同学由于某些缘由迟到或旷课了,事后找另一个同学补课,所以必会 牵扯到专业内容；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 44 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载解题思路：迟到或旷课的同学大多是男生,帮他补课的一般是女生；男生在补课过程中常会问一些愚蠢问题,而女生将一一给与澄清；结尾处,男生会感叹不上这堂课很遗憾；常常显现的问题和答案：Q: Why was the man late for class. A: He oversleptwas sick, had some trouble with his car, had to go to see the doctor, dentist, had an emergency Q: What confused the man. A: 专业课的内容；Q: What does the man promise to do at last. A: He will not be late againoversleep again 常用的词汇和词组： fill sb. in 暂代某人 , You ve really lost me there 你真的让我糊涂了 , make sense, miss a pretty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes 等；4） 论文场景场景人物：教授与同学,或者同学之间进行争论；场景涉及的内容：争论论文写作的相关事宜,比如：论文题目,查找资料等等；解题思路：论文的题目难以确定,资料太难找（题目太偏,查不到资料；题目太大,要查的资料太多,太杂） ；常用的词汇和词组：explore the topic, published resources, bibliography/reference, intellectual dishonesty, plagiarism 剽窃 , get an early start, gather materials 等；生活相关类包括体育场景,消遣场景,租房场景等；1） 体育场景场景人物：同学,伴侣或家庭成员一起出去郊游；场景涉及的内容：往往是一些热门的运动,如cycling, rock climbing, skiing. 解题思路：目的不在于竞赛,而是好玩,健身,交友；一些运动,如cycling ,往往是以team, club或 association 的形式存在的；常用的词汇和词组：ski, boots, pole, outdoors, ge