仁爱英语八年级Unit3topic1知识点.doc

Unit3  My  Hobby  Topic 1 一.重点词汇such as 例如     used to do sth.过去常常做某事 walk a dog = take a dog for a walk 遛狗take/have a bath  洗澡     take sb/sth for a walk 带某物/人去散步go hiking 徒步旅行      go boating 划船     play volleyball 打排球          collect stamps/ coins 集邮/收藏硬币 plant flowers 种花 fly kites放风筝 listening to pop/rock/ classical music 听流行/摇滚/古典音乐          climb mountains爬山help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事二.重点句型：1.What do you often do in your spare time?在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？in ones spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用in ones free time替换。如:1）I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。2）In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。 2. I often go fishing.我经常去钓鱼。go + doing表示“去做某事”go +v-ing结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如:1)Lets go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。2)Are you going hiking this weekend?这个周末你打算去远足吗？另外还有：  go swimming 去游泳go bathing 去沐浴  go shopping 去购物  go climbing 去爬山 go skating 去溜冰 go skiing 滑雪3. 在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如：散步 do some walking     读书 do some reading 洗衣服 do some washing 买东西 do some shopping 清扫 do some cleaning 4I am a movie fan. I go to the movie theater a lot.我是一个电影迷。我经常去看电影。fan(运动、电影等)狂热爱好者。如:a film / football / star fan 同时，fan作为名词还有“风扇”的意思。如：electric fan 电扇。 go to the movie theater = go to the movies 去看电影5I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. 我也租一些VCD在家看。watch “观看、注视”。如：I like to watch TV.我喜欢看电视。rent sth from sb 从-借- rent sth to sb 把-借给-6.Why not go out and do some outdoor activities?为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？这是一个省略句，全句可以说成Why shall we not go out and do some outdoor activities?常在口语中使用，用来征求对方的意见或表达建议。使用这种句子必须要有上下文，如：1）Why not meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面好吗？2）Why not run a little faster?为什么不跑快一点呢？some“一些、几个”，用在疑问句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如：7. Maybe I need a change. 或许我需要改变。maybe “也许、可能、大概”。如：1）Maybe he will come, maybe he wont.也许他来，也许他不来。2）Is that true?那是真的吗？Maybe, I am not sure.也许，我也不敢肯定。Change n.或者v. 改变8. love + doing表示“喜欢、爱好”，也可以用like+ doing表示。如：1）I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。2）I love skating.我喜欢溜冰。9. I am interested in playing sports.我对运动感兴趣。be interested in (doing) sth. “对感兴趣”如:1）I am interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。2）Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。be fond of = like都+doing. I am fond of acting. 我喜欢表演。10. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps.通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同very much。如:1）She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.她告诉我许多有关怎样学好英语的方法。2）Thanks a lot.非常感谢。另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。在口语中尤其如此。如：There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。We have had a lot of / lots of fruits. 我们吃过许多水果。a lot of和lots of之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。11.Pleased to meet/ see you. = Nice to meet/ see you. = Glad to meet/ see you. = Happy to meet/ see you.见到你很高兴。12. Some of them are of great value.它们中的一些很值钱。= Some of them are of valuable.be of +抽象n. =be + adj. 例如：be of great help/use = be very helpful/usefulsome of + 可数名词或不可数名词，谓语根据后面的名词确定单复数。13.My interests are changing all the time. 我的兴趣爱好总是在不断地改变。all the time“总是、一直”。at times = sometimes 有时 at the same time同时14. And I wasnt interested in sports at all. 我对运动一点兴趣都没有。not.at all “一点也不”；“全然不”。如：1）I didnt mind it at all. 我一点也不在意。2）Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。Not at all.没关系。3）He didnt know that at all. 他对此事一无所知。15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. 但是现在我的爱好是体育，比如足球和游泳。like “像，好比”。如：1)He swims very quickly like a fish.他游泳非常地快，像一条鱼。2) The cake is round like a moon.这块蛋糕是圆的，就像月亮一样。16. I never miss any important soccer games. 我从未错过任何一场重要的足球比赛。never “未曾、从未”，表示否定。如：1)I have never met him before.我以前从未见过他。2) You have never been to the Great Wall, have you?你从未去过长城，是吗？17. I used to know little about paintings. 我过去不太懂绘画。little和few都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little相当于not much, few相当于not many。little与不可数名词连用, few与可数名词复数连用。如：1)I have little time.我的时间很少。2) I understood little of his speech.他的话我没有明白多少。3) Few of the students passed the exam.没有几个学生考试及格。Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。而a little和a few含有肯定的意思，表示“一些”；“几个”（虽然少，但有一些）。如：1)I know a little French.我多少还懂点儿法语。2) Theres a little water in the glass.杯子里还有点儿水。3) Can you stay a few days longer?你能多呆几天吗？4)I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京还有几个朋友。18. I enjoy listening to rock music. 我喜欢听摇滚音乐。like, love, enjoy和prefer，这四个词都有“喜欢”之意，但用法不同。试比较：like意为“喜欢、爱好”，语气较弱，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式、动名词等作宾语。like也常跟复合宾语，宾语补足语常用动词不定式。如：1）In England， many people like fish and chips.在英国，许多人喜欢鱼和油炸土豆条。2）Jack likes playing football.杰克爱踢足球。3）I dont like to eat apples now.现在我不想吃苹果。love意为“爱，热爱，喜欢”，常指对祖国、亲人及朋友的爱，也可用于事物，强调非常喜欢，具有较强的感情色彩。其后可跟名词、动名词、代词或不定式作宾语。如：1）Father loves his work.爸爸热爱他的工作。2）I love watching TV.我爱看电视。3）Children love to play this game.孩子们爱做这种游戏。4）We all love our great motherland.我们热爱我们伟大的祖国。enjoy意为“喜欢，欣赏”，含有“乐于、享受之乐趣”之意，其后可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”之意。1）The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢在中国居住。2）Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo?你在动物园玩得愉快吗？3）Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外国人喜欢中国菜。prefer意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，常用于两者之间的选择，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不定式。prefer.to.表示“宁愿，不愿”，“喜欢而不喜欢”，其中to为介词，后可跟名词或动名词。如：1）Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡？2）I prefer walking to cycling.我喜欢步行胜过骑单车。3）My brother likes maths, but I prefer English.我哥哥喜欢数学，而我更喜欢英语。19.Did you use to go swimming in the summer vacation?在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？in the summer vacation = during the summer holiday 20I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. 我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。in front of “在的前面”；指在物体外部的前面。而in the front of “的前部”；指在物体内部的前面，即前部。注意它们的区别。试比较：1）There is a tall tree in front of my house.我家房前有一棵大树。2）Dont stand in front of me. I cant see the blackboard. 别站在我前面。我都看不见黑板了。3）The teacher is giving a lesson in the front of the classroom. 老师在教室的前面讲课。4) The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前面。21Nobody. I taught myself. 没有任何人，我自学的。teach oneself = learn sth by oneself “自学、自修”。teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事有些动词后常跟反身代词，如：enjoy oneself “过得愉快”, help oneself “随便吃（用）”如：1)She teaches history in our school.她在我们学校教历史。2)She taught his son English when he was 3 years old.她儿子3岁时，她就教他英语。3）Did you enjoy yourselves in the party?你们在舞会上玩得愉快吗？4）Help yourself to some fruit.请随便吃些水果吧。22. People usually do what they like in their spare time .人们总是在空闲的时候做一些自己喜欢的事情。What they like是 what引导的宾语从句。23.They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. 他们也绘画或者收集一些东西，例如：硬币、娃娃或邮票。such as “像、比如、诸如”如：1）We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics.我们学习很多的科目，比如语文、数学、英语和物理。2）I can name some animals in the zoo, such as tiger, wolf, fox and so on.我可以叫出动物园里一些动物的名字，如老虎，狼，狐狸等。such as 与for example的区别: such as 用于句中，通常直接接词语，而for example可用于句首，句中，句末，通常接词语或句子，用“，”隔开。例如：I know he often does good things, for example, he often helps the old.(老人)24When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们很快地康复。本句中become, keep, be, 与get都是系动词。系动词的基本用法是其后加形容词做表语。系动词一共可以分为两大类：表示状态的和表示状态变化的。系动词表示状态的又分为：1)be, seem, appear等。2)由感官动词变化而来的，翻译成中文通常可以翻译成“起来”，这些系动词有：look, sound, feel, taste, smell等。3)由不及物动词转化而来的，这些系动词有：stand, keep, prove, remain系动词表示状态变化的包括：become, go, get, grow, turn, fall等。如：1）Coffee smells nice.咖啡闻起来好香。2）After hearing that, his face went red.听完，他的脸红了。3）The days get longer and longer in spring.春天白天变得越来越长了。25I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. 我叫他粉色，因为他的皮肤是淡粉色的。light“淡色的、浅色的”，而dark的意思则是“深色的、暗淡的”。如：1)Which dress do you like, the light one or the dark one?你喜欢哪条裙子，浅色的还是深色的？2)It is dark now. Lets go home quickly. 天黑了，咱们快点儿回家吧。26Pink likes to have a bath. Pink喜欢洗澡。have/take a bath 洗澡短语have a bath与动词bathe意思一样，但前者表示在有限的时间里进行某项活动。如：游泳 have a swim    谈一谈  have a talk 洗一洗 have a wash 骑马  have a ride看一看 have a look休息一下 have a rest 27.How do you take care of them? 你怎样照顾它们？take care of 照顾，类似的说法还有look after/care for。如：1)The girl is too young to take care of herself.这姑娘太小了还不能照顾自己。2) The old man is taken good care of by his children.这位老人被他的孩子们精心地照顾着。3)My mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.我妈妈病了，我得在家照顾她。4）You must look after your things. 你必须照看好你自己的东西。三.语法学习1.I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. (Page 53)我过去常听摇滚乐，可现在我集电话卡和画。used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to的否定形式为：used not to do或didnt use to do。疑问句为Used you to. ? 或 Did you use to.?如：1）I used to go to school on foot. 我过去步行上学。（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。）2）Mary used to sleep late.玛莉过去总是很晚才睡觉。（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。）3)I used to walk along the road after supper.我过去常常在晚饭后沿着这条马路散步。4)He used not to like Peking opera, but now hes very fond of it.他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do 连用的形式。例如： 1)I didnt use to like skating, but now I like it very much.我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪儿？3)There used to be a theatre here, didnt there?以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？另外，注意be used to doing sth.与used to do sth.的区别：be used to doing sth “习惯于，适应于”如:1）He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。2）He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。3）Im used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如：1）Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来生产纸张。2）Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。2. Collecting stamps must be great fun!集邮肯定很有趣！must在这里是情态动词，作用是用来表示推测，可以翻译为“想必”。如:1)Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now.你的哥哥想必在学校。我刚才看见他了。2)Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday.你的朋友想必昨天已经离开去南京了。3) She thought that her present must be in the box.她以为礼物一定是在盒子里。4) You must be thirsty after a long walk.走了很长的路，你一定渴了。5) It must be ten oclock now.现在肯定有10点钟了。情态动词must的三种否定形式must表示“必须”时，其否定回答为dont have to，意思为“不需要”。如:1）Must I pay back the money right now? No, you dont have to.我必须现在偿还这笔钱吗？不，你不需要现在还。2）You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.你必须在课堂上认真听讲。must表示“推测”时，其否定形式为cant，意思为“不可能”。如:1）Ive seen what she is talking about, so she cant be telling lies.我目睹了她所说的事情，因此，她不可能在说谎。2）Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he cant be here. 昨天我收到了他的信，所以说他不可能在这儿。而must not的意思为“绝对不可，不许，禁止”。如：1）You must not smoke in the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院里吸烟。2）You must not cross the road when the traffic lights are red.交通灯是红色时，你千万不能过马路。3.He doesnt mind whether theyre good or not. 他并不介意它们是否是好的。此句为以whether引导的宾语从句。whether.or not“不论是否”。如： 1）You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not.你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。2）Whether we go or not matters little.不论我们是否去，关系不大。if与whether的区别。二者在引导宾语从句时一般可换用。如：1)I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow. 我想知道明天是否下雨。2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home.他问我李平是否在家。3) He didnt understand if / whether the stranger told a lie.他不明白那个陌生人是否说的是假话。 但下列几种情况不能换用。whether 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。 Let me know whether or not you can come.你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。如：Whether this is true or not, I can not say.这件事是否真实，我说不上。不定式前用whether，不用if。如：I havent decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home.我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里。介词后可用whether，不用if。如：I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.我是否回家还没有定。