2022年高考语法填空考点总结4.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 语法填空考点分析提 示 词 形 式动谓语动词时态（八大时态）词语态（主动语态 &被动语态）非谓语动现在分词词过去分词不定式 形容词与副词的比较级或最高级词性转换（名词 &动词 &形容词 &副词）词义转换（派生词）冠词（ a/an/the ）介词 in, on, at , behind, for, with, from. 纯代人称代词（主格 &宾格）词物主代词（形容词性物主代词&名词性物主代词）空连反身代词格指示代词（ this,that,these, those）形不定代词（ some, other, another,both,.）式疑问代词从属连词名词性从句词定语从句状语从句 并列连词（ but, however, so, and, .）固定短语或句型有提示词的解题技巧 一：谓语动词：如句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词；如是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态；1. His fear of failure_keep him from classroom games that other children played excitedly. kept 2. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _close my book and walked away. closed 3. Three people _take to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. . were taken 4. She told him that she _ bring him the water in ten minutes. would bring 二、非谓语动词 如句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词；如是非谓语动词 就要确定用现在分词、过去分词,仍是不定式；非谓语动词的形式肯定要考虑它与其逻 辑主语之间的关系；技巧一：作主语或宾语,通常用现在分词形式表示习惯或一般情形,用不定式表示详细 的情形；1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. But it is not enough only_memorize rules from a grammar book. 解析：因 it 是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填 to memorize；2._speak out your feeling wont make you feel ashamed. 解析：句中已有谓语 wont make,所以 speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情形,要用动名词短语,故填 Speaking；技巧二：作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式；1. _ complete the project as planned, weday. ll have to work two more hours a 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work,所以 complete 应为非谓语动词；因“为了按方案完成这项工程” 是“ 我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时” 的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填 To complete；2. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ succeed. to succeed；解析：因在形容词likely 后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填技巧三：作相伴状语,常用分词,与规律主语是主动关系,用现在分词,与规律主语是被动关系,用过去分词；这样的题一般要特殊留意空格前的逗号；1. He saw the stone, _say to himself: “ The night will be very dark.”解析：句中已有谓语 saw,所给动词与 saw 不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词；又因He 与 say是主动关系,故填 saying作相伴状语；2. The headmaster went into the lab, _ follow by the foreign guests. 解析：句中已有谓语 went,而 follow 又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词；又因 the headmaster 与 follow 是被动关系,故用过去分词作相伴状语；3. There will be a meeting, _ start later this year to review the film. 解析：因 a meeting 与 start 是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明 a meeting,故填 starting；4. Lessons _learn in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 解析：因句中已有谓语 can help,所以 learn 应为非谓语动词；又因 lesson与 learn 是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填 learned；特殊提示有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词,而是要求词类转换；如：But Jane knew from past experience that her _ choose of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析：括号中所给词 choose 虽然是动词,但在句中作主语,且在形容词性物主代词后,应当填 choose的名词形式 choice；谓语动词与非谓语动词的比较练习：1. He entered the room,_hold a book in his hand. holding He entered the room and _hold a book in his hand. held 2. I politely refused her invitation and _walk away. walked I politely refused her invitation,_walk away. walking 3. A boy _call Jack came here today. called 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A boy who _call Jack came here today. was called 4. We enjoy the movie _direct by a famous artist. directed We enjoy the movie which _direct by a famous artist. was directed 5. When I _hear the news,I was excited. heard When_hear the news,I was excited. hearing 6. Unless I _invite,I won,t attend the party. was invited Unless _invite,I won t attend the party. invited 三 给出的提示词是形容词或副词当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词,且依据句义空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词,就可能填该词的比较级或最高级；1. He is one of the _great man that I have ever known. greatest 2. _luck than other students in her class, she was admitted to Beijing University. Luckier 3. When he sees other students _good than him, he usually think that they have higher IQ. better 4. At first we wanted to fly because it would be _fast and would save us more time. faster 5. The _big and most powerful animal in the forest was the bear. biggest 6. The _young angel was very angry and blame the older angel. younger 解题技巧：1. 如两者之间比较,或者有 than,就用比较级2. 不显现 than, 即省略了“than+比较对象” 这种隐含式比较级,要留意语境懂得3. 留意“less/least+原级” 这样的降级比较4. 如是多者之间比较,或者有in、of 等介词短语表示比较范畴,要用最高级5. 比较级前可用 a bit、a little 表示稍稍,一点；用much、a lot 表示“ 得多” 、even表示“ 更加 ”6. as as之间用原级7. 最高级前要有 the 1The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumped even_ hard and nearly made himself out. harder 2The _strong we become, the more modest we should be. stronger 3Of the two coats, I choose the_cheap one to spare some money for a cheaper book. 4You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit _slow. slower 5This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _little water and electricity than older models. less 6The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _good if it had better been put in the fridge for a little while. 三、词性转换依据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式；作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词；如：3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The youngster immediately fell _ silence as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 解析：因在系动词 felt 后作表语,用形容词,故填 silent；In a _ danger part of the sea , they lost their way.解析：在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填 dangerous；Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ interest in the subject. 解析：因所填词在句中作宾语 most of their students 的补足语,用形容词；表示“ 感兴趣” ,填 interested；作主语,或在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词；When China ancient scientific and technological _ achieve are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 解析：在时间状语从句中, 要求填的词作主语, China s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词,又由 are 可知,主语是复数,故填 achievements；These people have made great _contribute to China with their work.解析：在句中作及物动词 have made的宾语,要用名词形式；表示作奉献,其前面没有不定冠词时,习惯上用复数,故填 contributions ；在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“ 冠词+形容词 ” 后,用名词；如：Their _happy is based on money. 解析：在形容词性物代词 their后应当用名词,故填 happiness；The _ operate of the system is very difficult. 解析：在冠词后,要用名词,故填 operation；修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式；如：As I looked _ close at this girl, I found that she wasnt ugly at all. 解析：修饰动词 looked,作状语,用副词,故填 closely；There must be something_serious wrong with our society. 解析：要求填的词修饰形容词 wrong,作状语,用副词,故填 seriously；Singles are flocking to the Internet_main because their busy lifestyles leave them little time. 解析：修饰 because引导的缘由状语从句, 修饰整个句子, 作状语,用副词,故填 mainly；_fortunate, only two students can pass the final exam. 解析：修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,且依据句意可知,要表达“ 不幸的是”,故填Unfortunately 派生词：有可能是词义转换题,词类或词性不肯定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词, 需要句子意思及前后规律关系,需要在词前加前缀un-, im-, , dis-等,或在该词后加后缀 -less People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ use. 解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知,作者是表达“ 没有什么学问是无用的”,故填 useless；Your mistake caused a lot of _ necessary work in the office. 解析：在名词前作定语,仍用形容词形式；但依据句意,“ 错误引起了很多不必要的麻烦事” ,故填 unnecessary；4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - im possible impolite un happy unhealthy unkind careless homeless useless （dislike What would you do if you failed. Many people may choose to give up._1_ , the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick _2_ your goal.On your way to success, you _3_ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and _4_ help you overcome obstacles on your way._5_ , you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead. Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere _6_ an objective in life. You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve _7_.Only in this way _8_ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time _9_properAnd you should also have a belief _10_ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time. 【解析】本文告知我们,要想胜利,最牢靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标；1However 与前句是转折关系,空格前后都有标点,用副词 however；2to stick to 意为“ 坚持” ；3must 由语境揣摸出作者的语气,句意为：在通往胜利的路上,你必需坚 持你的方向；4helping 与 guiding 并列,一起补充说明 a lamp,故用现在分词；要填表示“ 否就” 的 otherwise；5Otherwise 由本句与前句的规律关系可知,6without 句意：人生假如没有目标,你将一事无成；7it it 指代 your objective；8will/can 句意：只有这样,你才会知道 修饰动词 spend 作状语用副词；9properly 10that 引导同位语从句,从句中不缺句子成分,且意义完整,故填 that；5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 语法填空：纯空格的解题技巧一、冠词（一）不定冠词a,an 的用法Long long a ago, there was _little girl 1 表示泛指,泛指任何的、不限定的或首次提到的人或事物who lived with seven little man. a 2 表示“ 每一” ,相当于 every, one We study eight hours_ day. a a 和 an 的区分： a 用于辅音开头的单词前, an 用于元音开头的单词前There is _ “u” in the word”use”. As we all know, _ hour is equal to 60 minutes. （二）定冠词 the 的用法：1 表特指1）特指上文已提到过的人或事There is a pen here. _pen is mine. 物2用于带后置定语的名词前,表示特定的人或事物 3特指说话双方都知道或能体 会到的人或事物The water in _ bottle is clean. Please turn on _ radio. 2 表类指1用于形容词前表示一类人_ rich and _ poor should be treated equal. 2用于分词前表示一类人 3与单数可数名词连用表类别The doctor is taking care of _injured and _ dying. the dying 垂危的人 _ horse is a useful animal. 3 表独指用于世上独一无二的事物名词_ earth turns around _ sun. 惯用法前4 He began to play_violin at the age of 1用于乐器名称前six. 冠词练习：2表示“ 一家人” 或“ 夫妇”3用于序数词、 形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级前4用于由一般名词构成的专有 名词前5用于江河、 海洋、山脉等名词 前6用于方位名词前 7用于世纪的某个岁月_Greens 格林一家 /格林夫妇 Of the two coats, I prefer _ cheaper one. _ United States _ Peoples Republic of China _Himalaya Mountains, _Yellow River, _Taiwan Island in_ east/west/north/south in _ 1990s/1990s在 20 世纪 90 岁月1. He talked to us in _unusual way. an 2. I sat next to the man and introduce myself. We had _ amazing conversation. an 3. One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him.”Well,”answered _ stranger, “are you still willing to take a chance.”the 4. John, there is _ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. A 5. A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. _ water was sweet. The 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 二、介词介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on,in,at,with ,by,through 等；假如名词、代词前是空格,且该名词或代词不是作主语、宾语、或表语,而更多是作状语时,很可能填介词；另外,含有介词的固定搭配要积存；1、I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him_own either. on on one e own=by oneself 独自地,靠自己地2、The young man went home_ a happy heart. with 3、He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy. from /after 4、If you still haven t got a motto, please choose one because a motto can have a great influence _ you. on 5、The machine works _ itself. by 6、It s unbelievable that John fell off the truck _ being hurt. without 7、Rose was wild with joy _ the result of the exam. as 8、As soon as he entered the room, he took_ his cap and sat down. off 9、The number of the employees has grown from 1000 to 1200. This means that it has risen _ 20 percent. by 三、代词代词的种类繁多,包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等,其中近年来对代词it 在句中指代事物 ,作形式主语或形式宾语的用法较常见；假如句子缺少主语或宾语,那肯定是填名词或代词,名词一般都是词性变换,所以没给出提示词的,一般都是填代词；1. Scientists in the future will certainly find other ways to make life last longer. _ will find cures for more diseases. 缺人称代词,且作主格,填 They 2. As a teenager, Tom spent summers working as a lifeguard. Forty years later, _ became the oldest president. 缺人称代词,且作主格,填 he 3. “I am disappointed that you lied to me, Jack. I am angry, not with _, but with myself. ”Dad said. 缺人称代词,且作宾格,填 you 4.Tom is a kind-hearted man, so you can ask _ for help. 缺人称代词,且作宾语,填 him 5. The boy had misunderstood the doctor. He thought that he was going to give his sister all _ blood. 缺形容词性物主代词,填his 6.Here is my dictionary. Maybe_ is on the table. If you still can t find it, you may ask your mother for help. 缺主语,且没有提示词,所以依据句意,缺名词性物主代词,yours 填7.-Could I borrow you pen. -Yes, help_. 缺反身代词,填 yourself. 8.By playing games, they can not only acquire knowledge, but also cultivate their abilities to get along with _. Others 9. Of the two foreign guests, one is from London, _ is from New York. The other 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10.He asked his teacher,“ Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _ .” it 11.She remembered how difficult _was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 12. I think _ necessary that we drink plenty of water everyday. it 四、连词假如两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号,也没有关联词连接或引导,就填并列连词或从属连词；并列连词：包括表转折but,while, however, or, otherwise；并列 and；因果 because,so 等连词；and 从属连词：包括that, who, which, where, when, as 等；1. He answered all my questions _ we talked for over an hour. 2. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat _ took a deep breath to help relax myself. and 3. I thought we would be late for the concert, _we ended up getting there ahead of time. but4. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, _you wont pass the course. or5. I d like to study law at university _ my cousin prefers geography. while 6. They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, _ we managed to bring the price down. but 7. People from black country are very friendly. _, their local dialect is difficult to understand. However五、固定搭配或句型1.依据强调句结构 “ It is/was+被强调部分 + that/who+ 句子剩下部分 ”判定空格处填 it 仍是that. _ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn meat. It t eatIt was in the park _ Jack met your sister yesterday. that 2.假如句子结构完整,空格后是谓语动词且谓语动词原形,而且上下文时态和谓语形式不是很一样时,就考虑以下两种情形：（1）填表示强调的助动词However,an awful accident _happen yesterday. did As we all know, Mary _ practice speaking English every day. does 2以 only+状语（从句）位于句首 ,句子要部分倒装句,即把的前面；Only then _ I realize that I was wrong. did Only in this way _ you able to do it well. are be 动词、助动词提到主语I was always told that the three Ps, patience,