2022年考试中心考研英语模拟试题分类汇编完型篇.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2022 年训练部考试中心考研英语模拟试题Section Use of English Directions: -学问运用部分汇编Read the following text. Choose the best words from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 10 points 一、美陪审团制度As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a “common law ”, or law made by courts_1_a monarch or other central governmental_2_like a legislature. The jury, a_3_of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an_4_ part of our common-law system. Use of juries to decide cases is a_5_feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States._6_the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result_7_would be obtained using a judge_8_, as many countries do._9_a jury decides cases after “_10_ ”, or discussions among a group of people, the juryto have the_11_ from many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right. Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide_12_ among_13_ citizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government _14_ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and_15_. Jurors, consisting of _16_ numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury. The judge_17_to the case_18_the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states,_19_jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the_20_under rules dictated by state law. 1. A other than B rather than C more than D or rather 2. A agency B organization C institution D authority 3. A panel B crew C band D flock 4. A innate B intact C integral D integrated 5. A discriminating B distinguishing C determining D diminishing 6. A in B by Cafter D over 7. A that B which C than D as 8. A alike B alone C altogether D apart 9. A Although B Because C If D While 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10.A deliberations B meditations C reflections D speculations 11.A outline B outcome C input D intake 12.A arguments B controversies C disputes D hostilities 13.A fellow B individual C personal D private 14.A asserting B alleging C maintaining D testifying 15.A assembled B evoked C rallied D summoned 16.A set B exact C given D placed 17.A allocated B allotted C appointed D assigned 18.A administers B manages C oversees D presides 19.A inspective B irrespective C perspective D prospective 20.A bodies B parties C sides D units 答案1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7.C 8.B 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. C 13.D 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B 总体分析本文介绍了美国的陪审团制度；第一段指出,陪审团是美国共同法系统的基本组成部分；其次段分析了使用陪审团的缘由；第三和四段分别介绍了陪审团的类型和选举程序；全文翻译美国的建国之父们作为大英帝国的前殖民者沿袭了其法律系统；我们有“ 共同法 ” ,即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法机关这样的中心政府权益机关制定的法律；陪审团由一群选来裁决案件的一般公民组成,是我们共同法系统基本的组成部分；使用陪审团裁决案件是美国法律系统的一个显著特点；在世界上很少有其他国家和美国一样使用陪审团；2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 几个世纪以来,很多人已经信任在大多数情形下陪审团比很多国家那样单独使用一位法官达成的结果更公正、公正；由于陪审团裁决案件是在一群人“ 审议 ”或争论后,因此他们的打算可能受到不同背景的不同人的影响,这些人必需作为一个团体来打算什么是正确的；陪审团既被用在裁决一般公民之间纠纷的民事案件中,也用在裁决政府提出讼诉声称个人犯罪的刑事案件中；陪审团成员从美国公民中选出并被传唤；由固定人数组成的陪审团在每一个需要陪审团的案件中都会被召唤；被指派负责案件的法官监督陪审团成员的选举；在一些州, 将来的陪审团成员由法官询问,而在另一些州,他们遵照州法律规定的法规接受代表各方当事人的律师的询问；二、英国车速监控系统The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the countrys speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the _1_could become a poll tax on wheels _2_huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism _3_cameras.The warnings came_4_a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either_5_to expansion plans or considering _6_. Nationwide, the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble,_7_ 90 million a year._8_the scheme, police keep some of the cash from fines to _9_the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and_10_that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed_11_at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by _12_a half. But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe_13_fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to_14_the “threshold” speeds at which cameras are_15_to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit, and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road, and _16_to more accidents. Sue Nicholson, head of campaigns at the RAC, said, “We dont have a problem with speed cameras _17_. But we do have concerns about_18_they are sited. Police risk losing credibility _19_motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising _20_safety devices.” C penalties D payments 1. A promotions B punishments 2. A isolating B separating C alienating D detaching 3. A towards B against C before D over 4. A so B once C as D where 5. A subjected B engaged C intended D committed 6. A taking part B keeping silence C making exception D paying respect 7. A financing B profiting C funding D netting 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 8. A From B Under C On D With 9. A hide B cover C conceal D veil 10. A pledging B assuring C confirming D ensuring 11. A essentially B strongly C wholeheartedly D purely 12. A in all B fewer than C at most D up to 13. A but B whereas C though D while 14. A fit B put C set D fix 15. A levered B geared C handled D triggered 16. A lead B add C contribute D resort 17. A any less B by itself C after all D as such 18. A who B when C where D which 19. A in B with C against D for 20. A in spite of B far from C rather than D by means of 答案1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D 总体分析本文叙述了英国车速监控摄像体系扩张方案的内容及影响,着重阐述了这一方案的支持者警察和财政部门和反对者机动车治理机构的观点；全文翻译一旦扩大车速监控摄像体系,这个国家财政部每年就能从罚款中额外增加2000 万收入；机动车治理机构警告说这种罚款可能变成对汽车征收的人头税,从而疏远很多驾驶者；也可能显现更多破坏摄像机的大事；警告显现的同时, 每日邮报的调查发觉英格兰和威尔士的系的扩张方案,就是在考虑加入其中；23 支警力几乎都有所行动,不是致力于部署监控体估计在实施监控系统后全国范畴内违章超速行驶的罚单数量会增加两倍,罚金数目一年达 9000 万；根据方案, 警察保留一部分罚金用以支付安装和修理新摄像机的费用,并且保证现有的摄像机中总是装有胶卷；其余的罚金将上缴财政部；财政部长们和警察都坚持认为该方案的目的是提高大路的安全性；他们指出八个试点地区撞车事故削减了四分之一,严峻伤亡事故削减至一半；4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 但是机动车治理机构担忧警察为了多开罚单会把摄像机装在相对安全但行车速度较快的直行道上,仍会为车速监控摄像机设置最低合法车速标准,如把正常的每小时 10 英里限速提高到每小时 15 英里,每小时 20 英里限速提高到每小时 26 英里； 这样做会使司机盯着自己的里程计而不把精力集中到路面上,从而引发更多的交通事故；英国皇家汽车俱乐部RAC 活动负责人休·尼科尔森说, “ 严格上说,我们对车速监控摄像机并无意见,我们担忧的是它们被安放的地点；假如把监控摄像机视为政府聚敛财政收入的手段而不是安全设施,那么警察就可能丢失他们在驾驶者心目中的威信”；三、大众媒体The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as aan_1_for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it_2_ a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the_3_ of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest._4_ by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly_5_ themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the_6_ of violence in the media and its_7_harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media _8_, such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media,_9_television,_10_public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation_11_by the media, is body image._12_forces can influence body image positively or negatively._13_one, societal and cultural norms and mass media marketing_14_our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of_15_beauty fill magazines and newspapers,_16_from our televisions and entertain us_17_the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media_18_on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a_19_defined standard of attractiveness, an_20_that carries unrealistic physical expectations. 1. A alternative B preference C substitute D representative 2. A accomplishesB fulfills C provides D suffices 3. A risk B mercy C height D expense 4. A Absorbed B Attracted C Aroused D Addicted 5. A identify B recognize C unify D equate 6. A abundance B incidence C prevalence D reccurrence 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. A disposed B hidden C implicit D potential 8. A merged B emerged C immerged D submerged 9. A apart from B much as C but for D along with 10. A promote B propel C prompt D prosper 11. A inspired B imposed C delivered D contributed 12. A External B Exterior C Explicit D Exposed 13. A As B At C For D In 14. A mark B effect C impact D shock 15. A generalized B regularized C standardizedD categorized 16. A boom B bottom C brim D beam 17. A over B with C on D at 18. A play B take C profit D resort 19. A barely B carefully C narrowly D subjectively 20. A ideal B image C stereotype D criterion 答案1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9.D 10. C 11. B 12.A 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19.C 20.A 总体分析本文主要论述了大众媒介对青少年产生的影响；第一段指出,大众媒介可以替代社会机构和社会交往在年轻人的生活中起着各种各样的作用；其次段指出, 由于青少年仿照他们在电视中看到的乃至将其与现实相混淆,人们始终担忧媒介对他们可能产生危害；第三段媒介对美的狭隘界定对青少年的不良影响；全文翻译大众媒体是我们文化的重要组成部分,但是它也可以成为年轻一代的助手、建议者和老师；大众媒介作为6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 很多机构和社会交往的替代品影响着年轻人的生活；通过这种方式,它在人们生活中起到了各种各样的作用；在电视屏幕前消耗的时间经常是以休闲为代价的,即有更少的时间用于嬉戏、消遣和休息；由于被电视屏幕上的东西吸引,孩子们不仅仿照他们看到的,而且仍直接将自己视为电视中的各种不同的人物；美国人对媒体中暴力的普及及其对孩子和青少年的潜在危害的担忧至少已经有四十年了；在这段时期里,新的媒体,如：电视嬉戏、有线电视、音乐录像带以及网络显现了；由于这些媒体连续受到欢迎,它们连同电视一起引起了公众的担忧和争论的留意；媒体使年轻一代受到社会另一大关注的方面是身体形象问题；外部力气能对身体形象产生正面和负面的影响；举例来说,社会文化标准和大众媒介的营销冲击着我们关于美的观念；在大众媒介中,标准美女的形象充满着报刊杂志,从电视中播放出来,在电影中消遣着我们；甚至大众媒介仍在广告中利用公认的瘦和健康的文化价值来赢得商业利润；青少年被赐予的是狭隘界定的吸引力的标准,它是一种包含着对形状的不切实际的期望的完善标准；四、英国的饮食与健康A recent parliamentary report blames the government and the food industry for the growth in obesity. The Department of Transport is blamed for not doing enough to_1_facilities for pedestrians and cyclists while_2_ to pressure from motoring organizations representing car users. The Ministry of Education is_3_of selling off school playing fields and not doing enough to_4_adequate facilities for physical education and games. Young people in Britain have become crazy abo ut football soccer and rugby, but too often as_5_ “couch potatoes” .The food industry is blamed for promoting junk food to school children and not doing enough to_6_down on sugar, fats and salt in prepared foods. The industry,_7_by the current popularity of the Atkins low-carbohydrate diet, has begun to _8_, but it is trying to protect a huge market and will need to do_9_more if it is to_10_off increased regulation. Japan seems less_11_so far by the problem of obesity,_12_ as the Japanese diet becomes increasingly_13_ burgers and doughnuts the problem will grow. _14_, Japanese cuisine has become highly popular in Britain. It is seen as healthy in a different way from the Mediterranean diet_15_its emphasis on tomatoes and olive oil combined with red wine. A fairly small amount of red wine is now_16_as beneficial to the heart,_17_its other encouraging properties. But Britain has to do more to_18_the problems of alcoholism_19_with the binge-drinking culture including violence and vandalism. Limited consumption of alcohol, as long as it is not_20_with driving, is harmless and possibly beneficial. 1. A stimulate B commend C promote D elevate 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. A submitting B subjecting C subordinating D surrendering 3. A charged B denounced C scolded D accused 4. A assure B ensure C secure D guard 5. A speculating B spectating C specializing D sightseeing 6. A fall B get C cut D bring 7. A stung B bitten C chewed D licked 8. A retort B refute C respond D resolve 9. A abundantly B considerably C extensively D principally 10. A defend B beat C hold D ward 11. A upset B affected C effected D impressed 12. A or B for C but D if 13. A popularized B globalized C westernized D localized 14. A Accordingly B Interestingly C Surprisingly D Strikingly 15. A as B on C but D with 16. A accepted B approved C assumed D acknowledged 17. A but for B let alone C regardless of D much less 18. A cope B challenge C tackle Dundertake 19. A matched B related Cunited D associated 20. A bonded B combined Cmerged D incorporated 答案1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 总体分析8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 本文主要介绍了英国饮食存在的问题；第一至二段指出, 英国政府和食品工业被指责导致肥胖患者的增多；第三段指出,一方面日本饮食因日益西化,肥胖问题变得严峻；另一方面,日本饮食在英国很流行,被视为健康饮食；第四段指出适度饮酒对身体有益,但英国要应对的是与过度引酒相关的问题；全文翻译一份最近的议会报告指责政府和食品工业导致肥胖患者增多；交通部门被指责在促进步行和骑车设施的发展方面做得不够,而且屈从于代表汽车使用者的机动车组织的压力；训练部被指责出卖学校的操场,在保证提供用于体育教学和嬉戏的充分设施方面做得不够