状语从句翻译法优秀PPT.ppt
状语从句翻译法一般来讲，英语的语意重心在句首，因此作为谓语动作发生背景的多种状语，如表示背景的时间状语、地点背景的地点状语、条件背景的条件状语等通常位于句尾；而汉语恰恰相反，语意重心通常在句尾出现，前面多为铺垫性的背景表达。有鉴于此:英语的状语在英译汉时通常须要前置，有时前置到句首，有时则前置到所修饰谓语动词的前面（结果状语从句和伴随状语是两大例外）。原理展示时间状语从句Please turn off the light when you leave the room 离屋时请关灯 地点状语从句Farming is nearly impossible where there is little rain 在雨水稀有的地区，农业几乎不行能存在。缘由状语从句 The crops failed because the season was dry.因为是旱季，作物歉收。条件状语从句 It was better in case they were captured.要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。让步状语从句 The threat of death does not depress him,even though he has become their chief enemy.虽然他成了他们的头号敌人，死亡的威逼也不会让他消沉。I still think that you made a mistake while l admit what you say就算你说得对，我仍认为你做错了。(while=although)目的状语从句They stepped into a helicopter and flew high in the sky in order that they have a birds-eye view of the city.为了对这个城市做一俯视，他们跨进直升机，凌空飞行。We should start early so that we might get there before noon.为了正午之前赶到那里,我们应早点动身.He pushed open the door gently and crept out of the room for fear that he should awake the baby.为了不惊醒孩子，他轻轻推开房门，蹑手蹑脚溜了出去。方式状语从句 I was never allowed by my parents to do things as I wanted to.父母从不允许我依据自己想要的方式来做事。（前置到所修饰谓语动词的前面）比较状语从句He looked forward,as did his secretary,to the completion of the building.就像秘书一样，他也期盼着此楼的竣工。难句展示 The first two must be equal for all(who are being compared),if any comparison(in terms of intelligence)is to be made.假如要（在智力方面）做比较，就全部的 （参与）对象而言，前两者必需是等同的。New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future(1)as they have in the past(2),giving rise to new standards of elegance(3)就像以往那样(2)，在将来(1)，新的思维方式和新的思维对象确定会出现，并带来新的完备标准(3)。The sense is growing/that the Americans need to turn things round fast(1),militarily and politically(2),if they are to ensure that events do not get out of control(3).人们越来越猛烈地感觉到：假如美国人想确保状况不失去限制(3)，（他们）就须要在军事和政治两方面(2)，快速(1)扭转形势。Experiments are planned and carried out according to plan(1)as faithfully(2)as the reports(in the science journals)indicate (3),/then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results(measurable in dollars and cents).假如试验被支配并像（科学杂志上的）报告所表明的那样(3)忠实地(2)依据支配(1)得以实施，那么管理方期盼着探讨能够带来可以用金钱衡量的结果也是完全符合逻辑的。其他情形结果状语从句Many wives shoulder the prime responsibility for running the home,so that in most families the loss of the wife is more devastating than the loss of the husband.很多妻子肩负着理家的重任，所以对于大多数家庭而言，失去妻子会比失去丈夫后果更严峻。He is so hypocritical a person that all his colleagues dislike him intensely.他是一个特别虚伪的人，（因此）同事们都很厌恶他。J伴随状语 They stood by the roadside talking about their plot.他们站在马路旁，谈论着他们的阴谋。伴随状语（无伴随状语从句）是英语中特殊的状语现象，翻译时一般译为并列的分句。条件状语从句You can drive tonight I f you are ready.你今晚可以开车，假如你情愿的话。英语中表示“条件”的从句位置很敏捷，可前可后，而汉语夷示“条件”的分句一般前置。但假如这种“条件”有补充说明的味道，则常后置。缘由状语从句Im in a difficult situation in that I have been offered two jobs and they both sound interesting.我之所以犯难，是因为我有两份工作可选择，并且它们听起来都还不错。.We never see Henry these days,for Henry has been in hospital.近些日子，我们之所以未见到亨利，是因为他始终在住院治病。像大多数其他状语从句一样，翻译时缘由状语从句一般也放在句首，表示“前因后果”的逻辑。但有时它也可放在句尾，表示“之所以是由于因为”。目的状语从句She said she wanted tea ready at six so that she could be out by eight.她说她想六点钟吃茶点，以便八点钟出门。He wasnt going to use his car in case somebody recognized him.他不想开车出去，免得有人认出。一般来讲，英语的目的状语从句在翻译成汉语时通常前置到句首，但有时也可后置到句尾。让步状语从句The greater interest(in exceptional children)indicates the strong feeling in our society/that all citizens,whatever their special conditions are,deserve the opportunity to develop their capabilities.译法1:对特殊儿童的）更大关注表明，在我们社会有这样一种猛烈感受：全部的公民都应当得到机会来培育自己的实力，无论其自身条件如何。（状语后置）译法2:（对特殊儿童的）更大关注表明，在我们社会有这样一种猛烈感受：无论公民们自身的条件如何，他们都应当得到机会来培育自己的实力。（状语前置）
