2021_2021学年高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsSectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading_LanguagePoints课时作业含解析新人教版必修.doc

课时作业(十四)Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the starsSection Warming Up & ReadingLanguage Points(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！).单句语法填空1It is generally accepted that smoking is_(harm) to our health.答案：harmful2The_expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the_problem.(puzzle)答案：puzzled；puzzling3There are lots of _ (religious) in the world and everyone has the right to believe in them.答案：religions 4There are a great number of different _ (theory) about learning styles throughout the world.答案：theories5The wind was so _ (violence) that several big trees were blown down by it.答案： violent6Tom is _ (like) his brother，Tony.He is outgoing，while Tony is shy.答案：unlike 7The photos show that water once _ (exist) on Mars，a red planet.答案：existed8The four­year­old Russian girl has drawn_(globe) attention for her great gift for languages.答案：global9According to the result of calculating，the final cost could be as much as _ (billion) of dollars.答案：billions10_makes the things worse is that he has lost his patience.答案：What.阅读理解AAmerican researchers are making final plans to send a spaceship into space for a possible meeting with an asteroid (小行星)The spaceship is called OSIRIS­Rex.It is six meters long and shaped like a mans bow tie (蝶形领结)The asteroid is called Bennu.It is larger than the Empire State Building in New York City.Bennu weighs about 60 million tons and is traveling at a speed of more than 100,000 kilometers an hour.The huge space rock is getting closer to Earth.It comes as close as 500,000 kilometers to the planet every six years.Researchers want to take a close look at Bennu because it is considered one of the most dangerous asteroids in our solar system.The American space agency，NASA，will start its research next month.The plan is to put OSIRIS­Rex in orbit (轨道) around Bennu in about two years.The spacecraft will not land on Bennu，but will make contact (接触)with the asteroid for about five seconds.At that time，a part of the spacecraft will gather about 60 grams of material from Bennus surface.All of that material will return to the earth inside something called SRC.It is expected to land in the Utah desert in September of 2023.Scientists want to learn as much as possible about Bennu because of the danger it could cause to our planet.The asteroid “has a quite high possibility of negatively influencing the Earth” in less than 200 years，according to a NASA statement.Another thing that makes Bennu dangerous is its path around the solar system.That path is changing because of something called the Yarkovsky effect.The Yarkovsky effect is what happens when a cold piece of rock gets close enough to the sun to get heated.Scientists want to know how that warmth changes the orbit of asteroids and other space objects.语篇解读 小行星Bennu每六年就离地球近50万公里，将来可能会给地球造成不良影响。1What do we know about Bennu?AIt looks like a mans bow tie.BIt is larger than New York City.CIt travels 500,000 kilometers every six years.DIt is getting closer to the earth each day.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“It comes as close as 500,000 kilometers to the planet every six years.”可知，这颗小行星正离地球越来越近。 答案：D2. What does the underlined part “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?ABennus surface.BOSIRIS­Rex.CSRC. DThe collected material.解析：词义指代题。根据划线词前面的“All of that material will return to the earth inside something called SRC.”以及后面的“.expected to land in the Utah desert.”可知，it指代的是返回舱设备(SRC)。答案：C3Bennus path is changing most probably because _.Aits traveling really fastBits being heated by the sunCits being influenced by the earthDits getting colder than before解析：细节理解题。根据末段的“That path is changing because of something called the Yarkovsky effect.The Yarkovsky effect is what happens when a cold piece of rock gets close enough to the sun to get heated.”可知，这颗小行星的路线改变是因为它受到太阳热量的影响。答案：BBThere is good news for ladies：The two happiest years of your life might have gone by，but things will not be always bad from now on.Women are most likely to reach the highest point of happiness at 85 years old，according to a new survey by the British National Health Service (NHS)To know peoples level of happiness，the 12­question survey asked 8,000 British adults to rate (评估) their levels of self­confidence，anxiety and sleep quality.Through those answers，NHS researchers got each adults grade.The grades were between 0­12 points and those getting four or higher were considered mentally ill.The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives，which is a surprising pattern for researchers.However，that possibility drops by the time both sexes reach their eighties.A closer look at the results shows that just 14 percent of women over the age of 85 have mental health problems.Twenty­eight percent of women aged 16 to 24,18 percent of women aged 25 to 34，and 24 percent of women aged 45 to 54 report having mental illness.Meanwhile，almost one in five men aged 85 or older gets a grade showing mental health issues.Generally speaking，its possible that women feel unhappier than men because they often “experience the pressure of domestic (家庭的) and caring responsibilities，”according to Kate Lovett，dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.But those negative feelings may drop in old age，as their children grow up and they are set free from many care­taking duties，she told The Times.Still，your 85th birthday seems like a long way off.Dont worry about it.There are a lot of ways to be happier regardless of your age，which are waiting for you to find them out and give them a try.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，女性通常比男性更容易患精神疾病，但是随着年龄增长，男女患精神疾病的风险会有所变化。4What was the 12­question survey done for?AHelping people become healthier.BLearning about peoples happiness.CFinding out the sources of peoples pressure.DEncouraging people to become more confident.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“To know peoples level of happiness.”可知，做这个调查是为了了解人们的幸福感。答案：B5What surprised the researchers?APeople can develop mental illness throughout their lives.BMen are generally better at dealing with mental illness.CWomen dont like keeping their mental illness a secret.DWomen more likely suffer from serious mental illness.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives，which is a surprising pattern for researchers.”可知，令研究人员惊讶的是：女性比男性更容易患精神疾病。答案：D6Which of the following statements would Kate Lovett agree with? AWomens pressure is mainly from family.BIts difficult for women to avoid negative feelings.CWomen should be set free from caring responsibilities.DResponsibilities at home may reduce womens feelings of happiness.解析：观点态度题。根据第四段的“Generally speaking，its possible.according to Kate Lovett，dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.”可知，Kate Lovett认为女性在家里的责任减少了她们的幸福感。答案：D.完形填空It was raining outside and I was preparing my breakfast at home._1_，a bottle of orange juice slid (滑) from my hand and fell to the floor.Glass and juice _2_ everywhere.I looked at the _3_.Then my eyes were filled with tears.They came from a(n) _4_ acceptance that “Today is just not my day”It was a bad day for me _5_ things had to be done.I drove into town.In the few minutes，it took to the bank，I made a _6_.Though I had a bad day，I would be _7_ not to pass it to anyone else.I would be happy and _8_.Standing in line，I was silently talking to myself.For the _9_ time that day my eyes were filled with tears as I _10_ how disconnected (隔离的) I felt from others.Then a _11_ drew my attention.“Young lady，” she was saying.I _12_ and saw the bank teller，an old lady with a gentle smile.Her eyes showed _13_ as she softly said，“I dont _14_ what is happening inside of you，but please believe me when I tell you that everything will be okay.”And then she did something quite _15_.My hands were resting on the counter and she placed her hands _16_ on top of mine.The _17_ was quick but electric.And in that moment my world changed.In the moment of her touch my self­doubt _18_.I found understanding and acceptance.I knew that _19_ was being passed through the heart of this old lady directly into my heart.Then I _20_.语篇解读本文为记叙文，话题是日常生活类。早晨起来作者心情烦躁，但是银行出纳员的一个动作让作者的心情发生了变化。 1. AGraduallyBFortunatelyCSuddenly DFinally解析：作者在准备早餐，突然装橘子汁的瓶子掉在了地上。答案：C2. Aspread BflewCtraveled Dappeared解析：瓶子掉到地板上，摔碎了，所以碎玻璃和橘子汁飞溅得到处都是。答案：B3. Amess BplaceCpicture Drain解析：根据上文作者的描述可知，作者看着这一片混乱，眼泪流了下来。 答案：A4A.public BwideCsocial Dangry解析：根据上文“Then my eyes were filled with tears”可知，作者生气地哭了。答案：D5A.so BbutCunless Donce解析：分析句子的逻辑关系可知，这一天对作者来说不愉快，但是事情还是要去做的。答案：B6. Alist BmistakeCdeal Ddecision解析：在去银行路上的几分钟时间里，作者做出了一个决定。答案：D7. Afree Bsatisfied Ccareful Dready解析：作者知道自己的心情不好，所以很小心，不愿把自己不好的心情传递给其他人。答案：C8. Apolite BstrongCbrave Dbusy解析：为了不让坏心情影响了别人，作者想要高兴起来，并做到礼貌待人。答案：A9. Anext BotherCsecond Dlast解析：根据第一段的“Then my eyes were filled with tears”可知，作者今天第二次流泪。答案：C10. Aforgot B realizedCbegged Dregretted解析：联系上一句可知，作者沉默，自己想心事，这时她意识到自己和别人格格不入。答案：B11. Aphone BnoticeCsign Dvoice解析：根据下文Young lady.可知，有个声音吸引了作者。答案：D12. Acame up Blooked upCgave in Djoined in解析：根据句中连词and后面的动作可知，作者抬头，看到了银行出纳员。 答案：B13. Aconcern BfunCdoubt Dcuriosity解析：下文中的softly和她所说的关心的话语说明，她的眼睛流露出对作者的关心。答案：A14. A expect Bremember Cguess Dknow解析：很明显，女士看到作者不高兴，认为作者有心事，所以会说：我不知道你心里想什么。答案：D15. A impossible BstrangeCunusual Dimportant解析：根据下文可知，当时作者的手放在柜台上，女士把自己的手轻轻放在作者的手上，这个动作有些不同寻常。答案：C16. A respectfully BgentlyCnervously Deasily解析：银行出纳员是为了安慰作者，所以轻轻地把手放到了作者的手上。答案：B17. A touch BbeatChit Dfight解析：根据上文内容可知，此处指她们的接触。答案：A18. A came BstartedCdisappeared Darrived解析：根据上文“And in that moment my world changed”可知，在银行职员的安慰下，作者的自我怀疑心理消失了。答案：C19. A love BluckCsuccess Dinterest解析：在作者看来，这位女士把爱传递到了作者的心里。 答案：A20. Aagreed Bstopped Cshouted Dsmiled解析：根据上文“And in that moment my world changed”可知，作者觉得自己的世界变了，作者不再烦恼然后笑了。答案：D