石棉是什么优秀PPT.ppt
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE职业卫生基本原则职业卫生基本原则Day 3第3天11-ASBESTOS 11-石棉Asbestos石棉“the evil effects of asbestos dust”“sharp,glass-like,jagged nature of the particles effects have been found to be injurious”“石棉尘的有害影响”.锋利、玻璃状、锯齿形对人体有害”。-The Chief Factory Inspectors Report UK(1898)-英国首席工厂督察总监报告（1898年）Types of Asbestos石棉的种类石棉的种类 石棉蛇纹石闪石温石棉（白石棉）温石棉（蓝石棉）铁石棉（棕石棉）直闪石 透闪石 阳起石 What is Asbestos?石棉是什么？石棉是什么？A naturally occurring,mined,fibrous silicate mineral with various compositions&structures自然的纤维状的硅酸盐类矿物质，有各种成分和结构。Used extensively as a heat insulator&fire resistant material是一种保温材料和防火材料，广泛运用。Numerous different forms.Present as sheet;board;rope;or mixed with plaster.各种不同的形式。常见形式：石棉片、石棉板、石棉绳或与石膏混合。Asbestos Mines石棉矿石棉矿 Mined Asbestos开采的石棉开采的石棉 What are Fibres?什么是什么是石棉纤维？石棉纤维？Long&thin structures长而薄的纤维矿物组织。Defined by their aspect ratio width:length接受纵横比宽：长来确定大小 Can be man made,mineral,animal,vegetable可以是人造纤维、矿物纤维、动物纤维、植物纤维。Asbestos is a fibre but not all fibres are asbestos E.g.Mineral wool,cotton,wool,carbon fibres.石棉是一种纤维，但不是全部纤维都是石棉例如：矿物棉、羊毛、棉线、碳纤维。WHO fibreWHO纤维纤维 L 5m mmD 3:1L/D（纵横比）（纵横比）3:1 WHO fibre as WHO fibre as measuredmeasuredWHOWHO纤维的度纤维的度纤维的度纤维的度量方法量方法量方法量方法 Fibres up to 100mm long have been found in the deep lung.目前，在肺深部目前，在肺深部发觉发觉的石棉的石棉纤维纤维最最长长达到达到100mm。Properties of Asbestos石棉的性质石棉的性质 Fire resistance防火 Mechanical strength机械强度高Chemical resistance耐化学性 Thermal insulation.保温 Uses of Asbestos石棉的用途石棉的用途 Source:HSE来源：来源：HSEFire Blanket消防毯消防毯 Ceiling Tile吊顶板吊顶板 Soffits拱腹拱腹Pipe Insulation管道保温管道保温 String 细绳细绳Paper石棉纸石棉纸Cement Sheets石棉水泥板石棉水泥板 Gasket衬垫衬垫Uses of Asbestos石棉的用途石棉的用途 Product 产品Type of Asbestos 石棉类型ApproximateContent(%)含量(%)Cement Materials e.g.corrugated sheets,water tanks,pipes,prefabricated building components水泥材料，如波纹板、水箱、管道、预制建筑组件 Chrysotile(occasionally incorporating Crocidolite or Amosite)温石棉（偶尔会含有青石棉或铁石棉）10-20 Fire-resistant Insulating Board 防火绝缘板 Amosite(occasionally incorporating chrysotile or crocidolite铁石棉（偶尔会含有温石棉或青石棉 15-40 Thermal,insulation,lagging,incl.pipe and vessel insulation.隔热、保温、防护包括管道和容器保温 Amosite,chrysotile&crocidolite铁石棉、温石棉、青石棉 1-55 Sprayed coatings e.g.applied to structural beams and ceilings as fire protection/and/or acoustic and thermal insulation 喷涂涂料，如需要防火和/或消声和隔热的结构横梁和天花板。Amosite,chrysotile&crocidolite铁石棉、温石棉、青石棉 60-90 Textiles e.g.heat resistant gloves,fire-blankets,fire-protective clothing&insulation mattresses.织物，如耐热手套、防火毯、防火服和保温床垫。Chrysotile(occasionally Crocidolite)温石棉（偶尔会采用青石棉）85-100 Jointings&packings e.g.gaskets.焊料与填料，例如：衬垫等。Chrysotile(occasionally Crocidolite)温石棉（偶尔会采用青石棉）25-85 Friction materials e.g.automotive brake&clutch lining.摩擦材料，如汽车刹车片、离合器衬片。Chrysotile温石棉30-70 Floor tiles.地砖。Chrysotile温石棉5-7 Filler&Reinforcements e.g.in felts,millboards,papers,underseals,mastics,adhesives.填料和增强材料，如用于毡制品、麻丝板、纸张、防蚀涂层、胶粘剂、粘合剂。Chrysotile(occasionally Crocidolite for some applications)温石棉（偶尔会采用青石棉）1-10 Reinforced thermo-setting plastics&battery cases.增强热固化塑料和电池盖。Chrysotile,crocidolite&amosite 温石棉、青石棉&铁石棉 5-20 Airborne Asbestos Fibres空气中的石棉纤维空气中的石棉纤维Activity 活动活动 f/ml Dry removal of lagging 绝缘层材料的干式移除 upto 100最高100 Drilling of asbestos insulation board 在石棉保温板上钻孔 upto 10最高10 Hand sawing of asbestos insulation board 在石棉保温板上进行手锯操作 upto 10 最高10Drilling of asbestos cement 在石棉水泥上钻孔 upto 1最高1 Hand sawing of asbestos cement 在石棉水泥上进行手锯操作 upto 1 最高1Use of a circular saw 使用圆锯 upto 20 最高20Asbestos Register石棉登记石棉登记 Record the use/presence of all asbestos and asbestos-containing materials at work sites.记录工作场所的石棉和含石棉的材料，以及其运用。Record the location of all asbestos materials on site.记录工作场所全部石棉材料的位置。Ensure that the condition of asbestos-containing materials are frequently inspected and any necessary remedial action is instigated.确保定期检查含石棉材料的状况，实行必要的补救措施。Ensure that any work with asbestos or asbestos-containing materials is carried out in an approved manner.确保任何与石棉或含石棉相关材料的工作均已获得批准。Minimise the acquisition and use of materials or equipment,which may contain asbestos.尽量削减含有石棉的材料和设备的选购和运用。REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF ASBESTOSREMOVAL 石棉的补救处理石棉的补救处理 Damaged and friable,i.e.in an easily crumbled condition,thereby having a potential for releasing airborne fibres.损坏和易碎，即处于极简洁破损的条件，可能会有释放石棉纤维的危急。Expected to deteriorate in future.预期将来可能会变坏。If it is likely that they will be disturbed during maintenance,construction or demolition.在维护、施工或拆卸过程中可能对其有干扰。Asbestos-containing materials should be removed if they are:如含石棉的材料出现以下状态，应清除：Wrapping the outer surface with,for example,canvas or aluminium.用帆布或铝等来对外表面进行包覆。Sealing with an encapsulant that seals the fibres together.用密封剂密封纤维。REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF ASBESTOS REPAIR/ENCAPSULATION石棉的石棉的补补救救处处理理修理修理/密封密封
