四级写作冲刺班ppt课件.ppt

四级写作冲刺班ppt课件 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望新浪微博：石雷鹏老师V新浪博客：http:/ the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛地使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义审题注意三个事项：1.英文指令：体裁+话题2.汉语提纲：英汉结合猜测生词3.字数：140-160词1.2 写作话题写作话题2011-06:Online Shopping2010-12:How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?2010-06:Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling2009-12:Creating a Green Campus2009-06:Free Admission to Museums2008-12:Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags2008-06:Recreational Activities2007-12:What Electives to Choose2007-06:Welcome to Our Club2006-12:On Spring Festival Gala 四级写作话题总结：1.非最热点话题2.四级必考话题：社会话题和大学生（教育）话题网络购物、网络购物、博物馆、塑博物馆、塑料袋、春晚料袋、春晚家长溺爱、单词拼写、家长溺爱、单词拼写、绿色校园、选修课、大绿色校园、选修课、大学生俱乐部学生俱乐部1.3作文类型论说文：9次应用文：1次图表作文：0次1.4写作测试的特殊性以TOEFL为例：环境类话题a.在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？b.你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人类的贡献大？c.你的职业梦想是什么？d.如果让你发明一样机器，你会选择什么？e.如果你有一笔钱，你会用它来做什么？再以四级考试为例：题目：OnEnglishLearning提纲：1.英语学习很重要2.英语者所面临的困难3.如何学好英语Incontemporaryworld,Englishlearninghasgainedgreatpopularityanditisofgreatsignificance.(主题句)Firstly,basedonasurvey,amajorityoftouristsacknowledgethattheyprefertospeakEnglishwhentravelingaroundtheworld.(调查法表述)Secondly,comparedwiththepoorEnglishspeakers,goodEnglish-speakersaresuperiorinmanyways.(比较模板句式)However,Englishlearnersmayhaveavarietyofdifficultiesortroublesintheirlearning.(主题句)Forexample,itcanbenoticedthatalargenumberofstudentshavedifficultymemorizingwords.Sometimes,itisdifficultforthemtounderstandtherulesofgrammar.Inaddition,thoughsomearegoodatreadingorwriting,theycannotexpressthemselvesfreelyinEnglish.Then,howtogetagoodcommandof(学好)thislanguage?Iamconvincedthatpracticemakesperfect.Onlypracticecanenableonetospeakandwritefluently.Anditisalsothroughpracticethatonecanmastertherulesofgrammarandrememberwords,andthereisnootherway.(强调句式）以上范文灵活改编可以写如下作文1992-6：How I Overcame my Difficulties in Learning English1.你在英语学习中有哪些困难?2.你是如何克服这些困难的?1993-61.我最喜爱的电视(或无线电)节目是.2.这类节目的内容和特点3.我喜欢它的原因1994-61.人们对职业各有不同的理想2.我理想的职业是什么3.我怎样为我理想的职业做准备1997-11.怎样理解“熟能生巧”?2.例如：在英语学习中3.又如2000-1：How I Finance My College Education1.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)2000-6：Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是2.也有人持不同意见.3.我的看法和打算2003.6：1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是2003.121.建议报考的专业及理由2.报考该专业的基本条件3.应当如何备考2005.11.你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作2.如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么2005年6月1.向老师致以节日祝贺。2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献。3.我如何回报老师的关爱2006-061.校学生会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。2.本次志愿者活动的目的，内容、安排等。3.报名条件及联系方式2007年年6月：月：欢迎辞，Welcometoourclub1.表达你的欢迎；2.对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍2007年年12月月1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以你自己为例2010年6月：Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。2.出现这种情况的原因。3.如何避免这一问题请记住内容上：请记住内容上：熟悉什么熟悉什么就写什么就写什么神马内容你最熟悉？赠言：尽最大努力（Tryyourutmost）得最大成功（Achievegreatersuccess）冲刺总体方略：背写：单词标点一个都不错。第二章、冲刺提分方略2.1功能段落写作法概论冲刺阶段，背诵模板不是最有效的方法，因为模板的写作思路是固定的，然而很多时候试题的命题思路可能与所背模板思路不同。但是，无论四级写作话题如何变化，一般都对应三个或两个汉语提纲。只要按提纲要求去写相应的内容段落，就做到了紧扣主题。历年写作提纲可以总结为六种功能段落。是以，提出“功能段落写作法”的冲刺提分方略。因此，掌握好六种功能段落，也就掌握了所有作文的写作。2.2功能段落破解写作2011-06Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3我的建议2010-12Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHow Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该2010-06Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDue Attention Should Be Given To Spelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.为了改变这种状况，我认为2009-12Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreating a Green Campus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.建设绿色校园很重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该2009-06Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法？2008-12Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义2008-06Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of Recreational Activities.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1.娱乐活动多种多样，2.娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性，3.作为大学生，我的看法。六种功能段落总结建议建议观点（利弊）观点（利弊）意义（利）意义（利）现象现象危害（弊）危害（弊）原因原因篇章层面：六种功能段落的排列组合1.问题解决型：2010年6月、2010年12月2.观点对比型（利弊分析）：2011年6月3.现象阐述型：2009年12月2.3观点对比型作文必背观点对比型作文必背段落组成：现象+利弊+建议2011-06:OnlineShopping1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3我的建议1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚现象描述段：思路：引出话题+具体描述Incontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforindividuals topurchasevariousgoodsfromtheInternet.Inthemeanwhile,anincreasingnumberofpeoplefinditconvenientandinexpensivetodoso.Takingalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyshoppingwebsites:Taobao,DangdangandAmazon.2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题（利）Anumberofpeoplefavoronlineshopping.Intheireyes,withoutit,itisimpossibleforthemtostayathomeandgettheirfavoriteclothes,booksandsoon.Inaddition,theyarguethatshoppingonlinecanhelpthemexpandtheirscopeofshoppingchoicesandenrichtheirlife.(下页续)（接上页）(弊)Evenso,othersholdadifferentviewthatonlineshoppingcarriessomerisks.Firstly,itcallsfortime,energyandmoneytoshoponline;however,thequalityofgoodsisnotalwaysassatisfactoryasexpected.Besides,whatworriesmanyshoppersisthattheirprivateinformationmaybestolenandmisused.3我的建议（主题句）Asacustomer,Iamconvincedthattherearevariouswaysinwhichwecanenhanceonlineshopping.（建议1）First,itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedoutandenforcedtoregulatetheonlinetransactions.（建议2）Then,weshouldeducate,advocateandencourageourfriends,classmates,andacquaintancestobealertwhenshoppingonline.（展望未来）Ifwetryourutmosttodoso,thefutureofshoppingonlinewillbepromising,hopefulandrosy.完美写作冲刺法：第一步：背写：思路+表达第二步：翻译：英译汉汉译英对比第三步：限时训练：写改对比2.4 问题解决型必背范文Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHow Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该两个提纲三个提纲三个功能段落1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.该现象产生原因3.为了让孩子独立,父母应该首段现象描述：1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切(主题句)Incontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeatrendformanyparentstodoeverythingfortheirkids:food,clothes,tuition,andevenmarriage.(事实描述)Inthemeanwhile,anincreasingnumberofchildrenfinditdifficultortroublesometoliveontheirownwithoutparents.(举例描述)Takingalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyparentsandchildrenlikethis.现象、原因、建议、危害、利弊分析逻:一个中心，四个基本点：以孩子（学生、事件）为中心，以家长（老师、相关人员）、家庭（学校、管理机构）、社会、法规（道德意识）为基本点孩子家家长社社会会法法规（道德意（道德意识）家庭家庭学生老老师社社会会法法规（道德意（道德意识）学学校校网络购物买方方:顾客客社社会会法法规（道德意（道德意识）卖方方2.该现象产生原因(主题句)Itisevidentthatthecausesofthisphenomenonisdiverse.(原因1：家庭)Tobeginwith,thechangeoffamilystructureistherootcause.(原因1体现)Atypicalexampleofthisisthatinmostfamilies,thereisonlyonechildwhoislovedbynotonlyparents,butalsograndparents.(原因2)Inaddition,theincorrectsenseofparentsloveconstitutesanothermajorcause.(原因2体现)Tobespecific,asparents,theyareconvincedthatlovingmeansgivingchildrenalltheywant.万能原因补充：1.Inaddition,socialprejudice/ignorance/emphasis/concernplaysacriticalroleinthismatter/issue.2.Furthermore,therelatedpolicybeingcarriedoutinChina(doesnot)enables_toattachimportanceto_.3.为了让孩子独立,父母应该(主题句)Therearevariouswaysinwhichparentscanhelptheirteenagerstobeindependent.(建议1)First,itissuggestedthatparentsshouldstrengthentheawarenessoflovingchildrenappropriately.(建议2)Then,theyshouldeducate,advocateandencouragetheirkidstodealwiththeirownproblemsindependentlyinlifeandstudy.(展望未来)Ifallparentscantrytheirutmosttodoso,thefutureofournextgenerationwillbehopeful,promisingandrosy.2.5 现象阐述型范文(参考)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreating a Green Campus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利）2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境（现象段：描述）3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该（建议段）Creating a Green Campus1.建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利）Theideaof“GreenLife”hasgainedwidepopularityamongChinesepeople,anditisofgreatsignificanceforuniversitiestobuildgreencampuses.Withoutgreenenvironment,itisimpossibleforcollegestudentstohaveanenjoyablelifeintheIvoryTower.Inaddition,greencampusmaybroaden/consolidatestudentsawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境（现象段：描述）主题句：Inadditiontothegreenenvironment,greencampusesalsorefertostudentsbehaviorsorethics.However,(举例)takingalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyexamplesofinappropriatebehaviors：(下页续)（接上页）(排比)somediscardlitterseverywhere;somestudentscheatintests;somewastefoodoncanteens;somearealwayslateforclasses;someguysevenwatchpornographicorviolentfilmsindorms.Infact,ithasbecomeatrendformanystudentstoturnablindeyetotheirownbadacts.3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该（建议段）(主题句)Accordingly,itisimperativeforustotakemeasurestomaintaingreencampuses.(建议1法规)First,itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedouttobanthesenegativebehaviors.(建议2发动群众)Then,weshouldeducate,advocateandencourageourclassmates,friendsandacquaintancestorefusealluncivilizedacts.(未来展望)Ifwetryourbesttodoso,thefutureofourcollegelifewillbehopeful,promisingandrosy.2.6 高分冲刺细节1.内容相关（按照提纲要求、涵盖要点信息）2.结构清晰（新闻联播三段论：主题句+拓展句）3.语言精彩（通顺、连贯、句子结构词多变）2.7语言第一位通顺、连贯、句子结构词多变2.7.1连贯：1)句子衔接：and,but,so;however,nonethelessTheideaof“GreenLife”hasgainedwidepopularityamongChinesepeople.Itisofgreatsignificanceforuniversitiestobuildgreencampuses.Theideaof“GreenLife”hasgainedwidepopularityamongChinesepeople,anditisofgreatsignificanceforuniversitiestobuildgreencampuses.2)逻辑衔接：起承转合起：Incontemporarysociety,onmanycampuses,currently,first,tobeginwith,firstandforemost,firstofall承：Second,Third,Last,Next,Then,finally,meanwhile,inaddition,furthermore,besides,inthefirst/secondplace,foronething,foranother,lastbutnottheleast转：However,but,onthecontrary,Ontheotherhand,yet,although,bycontrast,while,whereas,instead,nevertheless,otherwise合：（因此)Asaresult,Therefore,Thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asconsequence,asaresult;(总之)：Inaword,Inshort,onthewhole,inconclusion,tosumup,inbrief,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,中英文文篇章结构：以汉语四六级阅读为例天涯远不远？不远！人就在天涯，天涯怎么会远？明月是什么颜色？是蓝的，就像海一样蓝，一样深，一样忧郁。明月在那？就在他的心，他的心就是明月。题目：概括本段中心思想2.7.2遣词广度：avarietyof1）同义词2）同根词3）范畴词：上义词下义词相关词4）代词替换深度：弃用第一反应词academicexceedingly,extremely,intensely替换veryanarmyof/agreatmany/ahostof替换alotofAdvancement替换developmentpositive,favorable,promising(有希望的),perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换goodgiveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger替换cause.harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,替think(因为是书面语,所以要加that)beneficial,rewarding替换helpful,bearinmindthat替换rememberenjoy,possess替换haveshopper,client,consumer,purchaser,替换customer2.7.2造句被动句状语从句定语从句名词从句同位语：身份Itis句式设问强调句式排比V-ing状语2.8考场写作时间安排考场写作时间安排总计：30分钟1.审题:识别提纲功能2-3分钟2.以关键词形式打草稿3-4分钟3.正文写作18-20分钟4.检查修正2-3分钟：单复数、时态、语态、拼写2.以关键词形式打草稿以关键词形式打草稿3-4 分钟分钟例题：OnTVShows1.时下电视真人秀（如超级女声、达人秀）非常受欢迎2.有人认为这类节目很好，可以展现自己，分享阅历，有人反对3.我的看法1.时下电视真人秀（如超级女声、达人秀）非常受欢迎关键词：trend,examplesTrendIncontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeatrendformanyTVchannelstoholdavarietyofTVtalentshows.ExamplesTakingalookaround,wecanfindahostofexampleslikethis:SuperGirls,ChinasGotTalentandsoon.第三章、冲刺话题预测3.1 志愿者活动志愿者活动Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of On Volunteering.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1.越来越多的人从事志愿者工作2.志愿者工作对需要帮助的人和社会都有好处，对志愿者自身也有好处3.我的看法。首段现象描述：Incontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforChinesepeople,especiallytheyoungsters,totakepartinvariousvoluntaryactivities.Taking/Turningalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyvoluntaryactions:voluntaryteachers,OlympicGamesvolunteersandsoon.志愿者活动意义：Apparentlyenough,itisofgreatimportance/significance/value/benefitsforyoungpeopletogetinvolvedinsocialvoluntaryservices.First,theseactivitieswilldefinitelyenhancetheover-alldevelopmentoftheharmonioussociety.Second,volunteerscanenrichtheirsocialexperienceandbroadentheirvision/horizoninthisprocess.Last,withoutvolunteers,itisimpossibleforpeoplewhoareinneedtogetaid/assistancetimely.Infact,peopleinmountingnumbershavecometorealizethesignificanceofvolunteers.我的看法：Asacollegestudent,Iamfirmlyconvincedthatallpeopleareadvisabletoparticipateinvoluntaryactivities.Firstly,itisessentialthatlaws/regulations/rulesshouldbemade/workedouttosupportvolunteers.Secondly,weshouldadvocate,educateandencourageourfriends,classmates,andacquaintancestooffervoluntaryservicestosociety.Ifwetryourutmosttodoso,thefutureofoursocietywillbepromising,hopefulandrosy.3.2电视选秀Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of On TV Shows.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1.时下电视真人秀（如超级女声、达人秀）非常受欢迎2.有人认为这类节目很好，可以展现自己，分享阅历，有人反对3.我的看法首段：描述现象Incontemporarysociety,TVtalentshowshavegainedwidepopularityamongaudience,anditishasbecomeatrendformanyTVchannelstoholdsuchprograms.Typicalexamplesinclude:SuperGirls,ChinasGotTalentandtheforth.Thousandsofpeopleareattractedtoparticipateinsuchshows.2.有人认为这类节目很好，可以展现自己，分享阅历，有人反对 利弊分析二段：前半段（利）：(设问)Whyareagreatmanypeopleinterestedinsuchprograms?Supportersharborthisidea:(排比)theseshowsbroadentheiropportunitiestoenrichtheirlife,tosharetheirexperienceandtoshowtheirspecialty.后半段（弊）：Evenso,othersholdadifferentviewthatTVshowscarrysomedoubts.Theycriticizethem,arguingthattheseshowsmeanawasteoftime,moneyandenergy.Inaddition,whatworriesmanyparentsisthattheirchildrenstudymaybedisturbedbytheseshows,sincekidsoftenpourmuchattentiononthem.3.我的看法观点：支持=利；反对=弊Byandlarge,theadvantagesderivedfromtheseshowsfaroutweighthedisadvantages.SincetheybringhappinesstothoseparticipantsandmostoftheTVaudience,theyareexpectedtobecontinued.3.我的看法观点：中立型Obviously,TVshows,likeanythingelse,havemorethanoneside.Whiletheyareindispensableforsomeaudience,theyalsoresultinsomeproblems.Itisonlyhopedthatwe,whiletakingfulladvantageofTVshows,canfindsatisfactorysolutionstotheproblems.3.3扶不起的社会Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of To Help or Not to Help?.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1.帮助别人是一种美德2.但是帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦3.我的看法1.帮助别人是种美德In contemporary society,it should be avirtueforindividualstoofferhelptothosewhoareinneed.Without thismorality,it is impossible forthesocietytobenamed“Harmony”.Apparently enough,it is of great importance/significance/value/benefits for people tohelpeachother,especiallyindifficulties.2.有时帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦However,a host of people find it hard or troublesome toofferhelpstostrangers.We have been frequently informed that（A typical example is that）awarmheartedman-wholendsahandtoanoldladygetshimselfintrouble.(Consequently,based on a recent report,a minority of people admit thattheyarenotwillingtoofferaidwhentheoldmanorwomanfallsdownonstreet.)Sincehelpingothersmaytriggertrouble,afewpeoplerefusetoofferhelptimely.And if we let/allow this situation to continue as it is now,we would