沪教牛津版九年级下册课文与翻译.docx

Unit1 Great explorationsThe voyages of Zheng He Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer. In 1405, he set off from China on the first of seven great voyages. This was nearly a century before Christopher Columbus first set sail on his journey of discovery to America. His travels were so important that they are still studied today. Zheng He was born in Yunnan in 1371. He rose to become a trusted official of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explore the lands outside China. His task was to develop relations and set up trade routes with foreign countries. In a few years, he built a great fleet of ships, the biggest in the world at that time. The ships were known as treasure ships. They were big enough to carry 25,000 people as well as very large quantities of goods. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven trips and visited South-East Asia, the Middle East and even the east coast of Africa. It seemed that nowhere was too far for him to visit. These voyages allowed China to trade valuable goods like gold, silver and silk. At the end of each voyage, Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first time, such as a giraffe from Africa. Besides developing trade, the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies. They helped the development of those countries and regions. Zheng He died in 1433 during his last voyage. However, his voyages were such a huge achievement that people still remember him as a pioneer in opening up cultural contacts between different peoples around the world. 郑和是一位著名中国探险家。1405年，他从中国出发，开场了七次伟大航行中第一次。这是在克里斯托弗.哥伦布第一次起航发现美洲之旅近一个世纪以前。他旅行如此重要以至于今天仍被人们研究。郑和1371年出生在云南。他升为明朝永乐皇帝一名值得信赖官员。皇帝命令郑和访问并探索中国以外土地。他任务是加强与外国关系，并与之建立贸易路线。在几年时间里，他建立了一支巨大船队-当时世界上最大船队。那些船被称作宝船。它们足够大，能承载25000人以及大量货物。从1405年到1433年，郑和七次旅行，访问了东南亚、中东地区，甚至非洲东海岸。似乎对他来说没有什么地方是遥不可及。这些旅行允许中国交换一些贵重物品，如金、银和丝绸。每次航线完毕，郑和带回了许多在中国第一次见到东西，比方一只非洲长颈鹿。除了增强贸易之外，航行也促成了文化与科技交流。它们帮助了那些国家和地区开展。1433年，郑和在他最后一次航行中去世。然而，他航行是一项如此巨大成就，以至于人们仍将他作为开辟世界各地不同民族间文化联系先驱而铭记。Unit2 Culture shockLiving in another countryMy name is Brad Li. Im here today to tell you about my experience an exchange student in the United States last year. I must admit that at first America was a big culture shock for me. Many things were strange to me: the language, the food and even the school. I stayed with a host family in a small town. My host parents, Mr and Mrs Hurst, were very kind. They organized a lot of activities for me in my spare time so that I wouldnt miss home or feel lonely.However, to a certain degree, life in the US was hard to get used to. My main problem was with the language. I failed to understand much in the first few weeks because everyone spoke so fast. Though I soon managed to get used to it, I still had problems because they used a lot of idioms. For example, they often say they are “under the weather when they are ill. Their everyday English is very different from what we learn in China. Another difference was the food: My host family always had bread, potatoes and salad for meals. I really missed the dumplings, rice and delicious dishes from home. School was a big shock too. They do not require students to wear uniforms, so students can wear almost whatever they like. Some students have strange hairstyles as well. Some students even have pink or purple hair! Anyway, I have many great memories of that year, especially playing in the snow in winter, and playing baseball. At Halloween, I went to a party dressed as Harry Potter. At Thanksgiving, we had a big dinner with a huge turkey. It was an exciting year, and it was a valuable education for me. Now I understand more about American culture. My American friends asked me many questions about life in China, and this made me think about my own culture as well.在另一个国家生活我名字叫布拉德.李。今天我在这里讲述我去年在美国作为一名交换生经历。我必须成认，起初美国文化对我来说是个很大文化冲击。许多事物是陌生：语言、食物甚至学校。我与小镇上一个寄宿家庭生活在一起。我寄宿家庭父母，赫斯特先生和夫人，非常善良。在我空闲时间里，他们为我组织了许多活动，以便我不会想家，也不会感觉孤独。然而，在某种程度上，美国生活很难适应。我主要问题是语言。在最初几周，我未能理解多少，因为大家说得很快。虽然我很快勉力适应了，但我仍然有麻烦，因为他们用了许多习语。例如，生病时，他们经常说“under the weather(under the weather:略有不适)。他们日常英语与我们在中国学差异很大。另一个差异是食物。我寄宿家庭吃饭总是吃面包、土豆和沙拉。我真想念家乡水饺、米饭和美味佳肴。学校也是一个大冲击。他们不要求学生穿校服，因此学生几乎可以穿他们喜欢一切。一些学生也留着奇怪发型。一些学生甚至留着粉红色或紫色头发！无论如何，那一年我有很多美好回忆，尤其是冬天在雪地里玩和打棒球。在万圣节前夕，我打扮成哈利.波特去参加了一个聚会。在感恩节，我们吃了一顿有着一只硕大火鸡大餐。那是令人冲动一年，而且它对我来说是一次珍贵有教益经历。现在我理解了更多美国文化。我美国朋友问了我许多关于中国生活问题，这也使我思考了自己文化。Unit3 The environmentThe world is in dangerOur world is in danger. We must do something to protect the environment. But, what are the main problems we faceThe greenhouse effectThe atmosphere around the Earth is necessary for all living things. It is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping heat from getting out. Without it, the Earth would be the same as the Moon-cold and lifeless.When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide(CO2). Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere, and causes it to keep in too much heat. As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earths temperature is increasing. This causes sea level to rise, and in the future may cause cities to disappear.Cutting down forestsEvery year, we destroy nature by cutting down huge areas of forests. This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and produce oxygen. Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals that live in our forests, and causes the surface of the soil to be easily destroyed by rain. This can result in floods and even more damage to the environment.Bad habitsMany of our habits cause pollution. People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as litter. This increases mountains of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas.In order to protect the environment, we need to take proper action. We should be different from many customers and become “green consumers. This means that we should only buy and use products friendly to the environment. We should also recycle as many things as we can. We can reuse things for the same purpose as before, or we can use them for new purposes. If we just learn to live in new and different ways, we can make a difference.世界处于危险中我们世界处于危险中。我们必须做些事来保护环境。但是，我们面对主要问题是什么呢？温室效应地球周围大气层对所有生物是必需。它像温室玻璃，让阳光进入并组织热量散出去。没有它，地球将会和月球一样-寒冷且没有生命。当我们燃烧像汽油和煤这些燃料时，我们产生一种叫二氧化碳CO2气体。太多这种气体污染大气层，并导致它保存太多热量。由于温室效应，地球温度正在上升。这导致了海平面上升，并且在将来可能导致地球消失。砍伐森林每年，我们通过砍伐大面积森林破坏自然。这使温室效应更严重，因为树木吸收二氧化碳，释放出氧气。砍伐树木也破坏住在森林里动物家园，并导致土壤表层容易受雨水侵蚀。这可能造成洪水爆发，对环境破坏更大。坏习惯我们许多习惯造成污染。人们经常东西用了一次就扔掉，或者把它们作为垃圾留着地上。这制造大量垃圾，污染我们陆地和海洋。为了保护环境，我们需要采取正确行动。我们应该不同于很多消费者而成为“环保消费者。这意味着我们应该只买和使用对环境无害产品。我们也应该尽可能多地回收利用物品。我们可以像从前一样以同样用途重新使用物品，或者我们可以把它们用作新用途。如果我们现在就以新且不同方式学着生活，我们会起作用。Unit4 Natural disastersThe great floodLast week in Geography class, we learnt that if all the ice in the North and South Poles melted, sea level around the world would rise, and many cities would be flooded and disappear.It started to worry me. What would happen if our city was badly flooded Would anyone remain aliveLast night, I dreamt about a great flood:It was nine oclock in the morning. My bedroom floor was a pool of water. I looked out of the window. Water was everywhere. It covered roads, parks and small houses. Large objects, such as coaches and boats, passed by my window. They were floating in the water.I could not just stand there! I had to do something!I tried to call my dad, but the line was dead. My computer was still working, so I sent him an email. I wrote, “Dad, theres a flood! What should we do He sent me an email back which said, “Kevin, my boss has given me some work. Its important to stick with it. I cant afford to sit around and worry about the flood.Then I emailed my best friend. “What should we do about the flood I asked. My friend replied, “I have no time to think about the flood. Im playing computer gamesI shouted, “The WATER! Look at the WATER! But my cries fell on deaf ears. In offices and homes, people just sat and stared at their computer screens. It seemed that they did not want to leave. Computers were more important than the flood.Very soon, the water came into peoples rooms. It poured onto their desks and covered their computers. In surprise, people finally started to notice the flood, but it was too late. Then I awoke. There was no water. I was safe-for now.大洪水在上周地理课上，我们学习到如果南北两极所有冰都融化了，全世界海平面就会上升，许多城市将被淹没并消失。这使我开场担忧。如果我们城市严重淹水，将会发生什么事？还会有人活着吗？昨天晚上，我梦到一场大洪水：早上九点钟，我卧室地板成了一个水塘。我向窗外看去，到处是水。水淹没了道路、公园和小房子。大件物体，例如长途汽车和船，从我窗前经过。它们在漂浮在水中。我不能只是站在那里！我必须做点什么！我试图给我爸爸打 ，但是 线路不通。我电脑还在运行，所以我给他发了一封邮件。我写道：“爸爸，发洪水了!我们该怎么办？他给我回了一封邮件，上面写道：“凯文，我老板给了我一些工作，坚持工作很重要。我抽不出时间闲坐着担忧洪水。接着，我给我最好朋友发邮件。“我们应该怎样对待洪水？我问道。我朋友答复说：“我没有时间考虑洪水，我在玩电脑游戏我大声喊：“水！看那些水！但是我呼喊无人理睬。在办公室和家里，人们只是坐着，盯着他们电脑屏幕。似乎他们并不想离开，电脑比洪水更重要。很快，水进入了人们房间，涌到他们桌子上，并淹没了他们电脑。最后，人们惊讶地开场注意到洪水。但是已经太晚了。接着，我醒了。没有水，我很平安-暂时。Unit5 SportSkiing: An unforgettable experience by VanessaLast year, my parents took me on a very special holiday.My dream was to see some real snow, so during the Christmas holiday, we took our passports and flew over the Pacific to Calgary, Canada. We took a bus to a ski resort in the Canadian Rockies. As the bus climbed through the mountains, we saw the thick snow on the trees. I was dying to get out and play with it! At last, we reached the resort and quickly jumped out of the bus. This was our first experience with snow. We were like little children-we made snowballs, and threw them at one another! Then we checked in at the hotel. We could see the ski slope opposite the hotel. We could not wait to get out and ski.The next day, we put on our ski suits and gloves, took our skis and went outside onto the snow. Wearing skis for the first time made me feel strange. Suddenly I found myself unable to walk! Then we had a skiing lesson with a young couple. Our instructor took us to a gentle slope, and showed us some basic skills. To be honest, that first lesson was not a great success. I kept on falling over, and I had to hold on to a rope to keep my balance.However, the next day, I only fell over a few times, and I managed to do a few rapid runs. I felt pleased with myself, and my instructor told me I was doing much better. Although it was very cold, I spent most of my holiday skiing. I had a wonderful time.It was all over too soon. It was a shame, but we had to leave. I wish my parents would take me back for another wonderful skiing holiday next year.滑雪：一次难忘经历瓦内萨去年，我父母带我度过了一个真正特别假期。我梦想是看一些真正雪，所以在圣诞期间，我们带上护照，飞越太平洋到达了加拿大卡尔加里市。我们乘公共汽车到了位于加拿大落基山脉滑雪旅游胜地。当公共汽车翻山越岭时，我们看到树上厚厚积雪。我极想出去玩玩雪！最后，我们到达了旅游胜地并迅速跳下公共汽车。这是我们第一次与雪相伴经历。我们就像小孩子一样-滚雪球，互相投掷！后来，我们登记入住旅馆。在旅馆对面我们可以看到滑雪斜坡。我们迫不及待想出去滑雪。第二天，我们穿上我们滑雪服，戴上手套，带上我们滑雪板，来到外面雪地上。第一次穿上滑雪板让我感觉怪怪。突然，我发现自己不能行走了！后来，我们和一堆年轻夫妻一起参加了滑雪课。我们教练带我们去了一个平缓斜坡并教给了我们一些根本技巧。说实在，第一堂课并不是很成功。我不停地跌倒，不得不抓住一根绳索以保持平衡。然而，第二天，我只跌倒了几次，我设法做一些快速滑行。我对自己感到很满意，我教练告诉我，我做得好多了。尽管天气很冷，但假期中大局部时间我都用于滑雪。我过非常愉快。假期很快就全部完毕了。真是遗憾，但我们不得不里看看。我希望今年父母会带我回来过一个精彩滑雪假期。Unit6 Caring for your healthHow to lead a balanced lifeMany students suffer from stress in their daily lives. They are under stress because their lives are not balanced. They focus too much on studying, dealing with peer pressure and worrying about what others think, and not enough on other things. You may wonder whether stress is a serious matter. The answer is “Yes. You should be aware that stress is a risk to your health. If you want to live a long and healthy life, you need to begin to guard against stress from a young age. Here are some ways to deal with stress and bring balance to your life:Be positiveOne way to cancel out stress is through positive thinking. You should always look on the bright side of life, and imagine that you will have a happy and successful future.Learn to relaxForce yourself to take a break from your studies and worries about exams. You can do this by taking a walk, reading a book, going to a concert or seeing a film, or just sitting in a private place and being silent for a moment.Take up a hobbyLearn to paint, take up skating, or start playing a musical instrument. When you are busy with a hobby, you leave all your worried behind.Take care of your bodyStress is your bodys enemy. Taking regular exercise, eating a healthy diet and getting enough sleep are all the things that can help you.LaughSometimes laughter is the best medicine for stress. Seeing a funny film or telling jokes with friends will often cheer you up when you are low.如何过一种平衡生活许多学生在日常生活中承受压力。因为他们生活不平衡，所以他们处于压力之下。他们过多地将精力集中于学习上、解决同龄人压力上和担忧别人想法上而在其他事情上关心不够。你可能下知道压力是否是件严重事情。答案是“肯定“。你应该意识到压力对你安康来说是一种风险。如果你想过长寿并且安康生活，你需要从小开场提防压力。这里有一些解决压力并引导你生活平衡方法：积极乐观抵消压力一种途径是通过积极乐观思考。你应该总是持乐观生活态度，并想象你会有一个快乐、成功未来。学会放松强迫你自己从学习和担忧考试中休息一下。你可以通过散步、读书、去听音乐会或看电影，或只是坐在一个无人之处沉默片刻来休息一下。培养一种业余爱好学习绘画，学着滑冰或开场演奏一件乐器。当你忙于一种业余爱好时，你会将所有烦恼抛在后面。关心你身体压力是身体大敌压力是身体大敌。进展有规律锻炼，吃安康食物并且获得足够睡眠是能够帮助你全部事情。大笑对于压力，笑声有时是最好药方。在你沮丧时，看一部滑稽电影或同朋友讲笑话经常会使你振奋起来。