2022年人教版小学四年级数学教案 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载人教版小学四年级数学教案平行四边形和梯形第一课时课题垂直和平行页课型新授教学目标知识与技能：1、让学生结合生活情境，通过自主探究活动，初步认识平行线、垂线。2、通过讨论交流，使学生独立思考能力与合作精神得到和谐发展。3、在比较分析、综合的观察与思维中渗透分类的思想方法。过程与方法通过观察、操作学习活动，让学生经历认识垂直与平行线的过程，掌握其特征。情感态度和价值观：培养学生学以致用的习惯，体会数学的应用与美感，激发学生学习数学的兴趣、增强自信心。重点通过学生的自主探究活动，初步认识平行线与垂线。难点理解永不相交的含义教具铅笔、小棒、展示板、三角板、直尺、手工纸、挂图学具准备：教师导学学生活动教学意图教学过程一、创设情境，引入新课通过创设情境，联系生活，提出问题：两根铅笔落在地上后可能会形成哪些图形？二、探索比较，掌握特征（一）动手操作，反馈展示。1、每个同学先独立思考，把可能出现的图形用铅笔摆一摆，摆完后，小组长组织大家把可能出现的图形用小棒摆在展示板上。2、教师巡视，参与讨论，了解情况。3、集中显示典型图形，强化图形表征。（1）展示其中一个小组的展示板。（2）除了展示板上的这几种情况，其他小组还有补充吗？（二）小组讨论交流，探索图形特征。1、整理图形，把其中具有代表性的图形通过电脑课件来展示，并编上序号。这些图形，同学们能不能对它们进行分学会自由发言学 生 用 铅 笔 摆 图形，分组讨论学生在全班汇报，补充说明创设情境，联系生活，激发学生的学习兴趣在比较分析、综合的观察与思维中渗透分类的思想方法。学习好资料欢迎下载类 呢？可 以 分 成 几 类？为 什 么 这 样分？学生认真观察，思考分类方法2、尝试把摆出的图形进行分类。（教师参与讨论，强调学生说明分类的标准）3、把铅笔想象成直线，再次分类。4、根据研究需要，按照“相交”和“不相交”的标准进行分类。师：同学们，我们在对物体进行分类时，可以有不同的分类标准，也就有了不同的分类结果。根据我们今天这堂课研究的需要，如果按照“相交”或者“不相交”来分的话，大家认为应该怎样分？（三）归纳特征，构建新知1、通过同学们自己的探索研究，我们发现了在同一平面内，两条直线的相互位置关系的两种不同情况：一种是相交，一种是不相交。2、再次分类，并归纳“平行”与“垂直”的特征，让学生质疑。3、今天我们就要一起来认识认识平行与垂直。（揭示课题）4、其实我们天天都在和垂线与平行线打交道。你们看：书本面相邻的两边是互相垂直的，相对的两边是互相平行的。同学们，你们还能找一找、想一想你的身边还有哪些物体的边是互相垂直的，哪些物体的边是互相平行的？找到后快快把你的发现告诉同组的同学5、学生试着说概念师归纳总结并板书。互相平行和互相垂直、垂线和垂足的概念三、解释应用，巩固新知（一）折纸1、同学们已经找到了生活中很多的平等线与垂线，那要是给每个同学一张这样的不规则纸，你们能动手折一折，折汇报分类方法及分类标准。学 生 再 次 进 行 分类。学生小组讨论后交流自己的想法学生归纳“平行”与“垂直”的特征，并提出问题。学生举生活中的实例，单杠、双杠等学生试着说概念通过操作，使学生体会两条直线的位置关系有相交”和“不相交”两种情况认识平行线的本质特征，理解永不相交的含义。使学生掌握互相平行和互相垂直的含义文档编码:CB4F3R10A7C9 HC8E9I10G9L6 ZY9B7X10X10Q2文档编码:CB4F3R10A7C9 HC8E9I10G9L6 ZY9B7X10X10Q2文档编码:CB4F3R10A7C9 HC8E9I10G9L6 ZY9B7X10X10Q2文档编码:CB4F3R10A7C9 HC8E9I10G9L6 ZY9B7X10X10Q2文档编码:CB4F3R10A7C9 HC8E9I10G9L6 ZY9B7X10X10Q2文档编码:CB4F3R10A7C9 HC8E9I10G9L6 ZY9B7X10X10Q2文档编码:CB4F3R10A7C9 HC8E9I10G9L6 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ZY9B7X10X10Q2学习好资料欢迎下载出垂线与平行线吗？这可有一定难度，愿意接受挑战吗？2、学生动手折垂线，教师巡视，进行个别指导。3、大家都折出垂线了吗？哪个小老师愿意向全班同学展示一下你是怎样折的？4、请在刚才折的基础上，再折一折，使两条折痕互相平行。有困难的，可以和小组同学讨论讨论。5、学生演示。师：大家可真不简单，能够动手折出垂线和平行线！现在，请迅速把这些纸收好。这几个小组的动作可真快，看来，你们已经养成了良好的学习习惯！（二）拓展练习：贴挂图69 页 7 题四、全课总结，完善认知同学们，你觉得这节课里你表现怎样？你有什么收获和体会？五、课后作业：P65 1、2 学生动手折出垂线与平行线学生展示作品，交流折的方法。有困难的，可以和小组同学讨论讨论后再折一折学生收拾学具学生先独立思考在讨论交流通过动手折一折，加深对概念的理解，培养学生动手操作的能力。培养学生良好的学习习惯培养学生思维的灵活性。垂直和平行在同一平面内不相交的两条直线叫做平行线，也可以说这两条直线互相平行。如果两条直线相交成直角，就说这两条直线互相垂直。其中一条直线叫做另一条直线的垂线，两条直线的交点叫做垂足。第二课时课题画垂线 66 页课型新授教学目标知识与技能：1、使学生明确垂线的重要性质，直线外一点到这条直线间的距离垂线最短。学会用三角板准确的画垂线。2、培养学生良好的学习习惯。初步培养学生空间想象能力。过程与方法通过动手操作活动，使学生经历画垂线的过程，培养学生的作图能力。情感态度和价值观：通过活动，让学生从中感受到学习的乐趣，体会到成功的喜悦，从而提高学习的兴趣。文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 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ZO2T2D6O4E3学习好资料欢迎下载重点学会用三角板准确的画垂线难点准确的画出垂线。使学生明确垂线的重要性质，直线外一点到这条直线间的距离垂线最短。教具三角板、直尺教师导学学生活动教学意图教学过程一、复习导入：1、回忆一下，你记得什么叫垂直吗？2、看我们的数学书，每两条边都是怎样的？怎样用三角板画垂线呢？这节课我们来学习画垂线板书课题：画垂线二、探究新知1、过直线上一点画这条直线的垂线三角板上有一个角是直角，通常可以用三角尺来画垂线。）先画一条直线。2）把三角板的一条直角边与这条直线重合，沿着另一条直角边画出的直线就是前一条直线的垂线（直角顶点是垂足）。强调：让三角板的直角顶点落在给定的这点上。过直线外一点画这条直线的垂线：画线前让三角尺的另一条直角边通过这个已知点。强调：一般用左手持三角板，右手画线。当要求直线通过其一点时，要考虑到笔画的粗细度，三角板的边与已知点之间可稍留一些空隙。教师讲解示范后，学生自己动手尝试着画一个，然后互相交流一下。1）过直线外一点画这条直线垂线，该怎么画呢？学生动手尝试，小组内交流。2）直线外一点与直线上任意一点连接起来，可以画出很多条线段。学生独立的画出几条线段，其中包括一条垂线。小组内研究交流：这几条线段在长度上有什么特点？小结：从直线外一点到这条直线所画的垂直线学 生 回 忆 所 学知识，并汇报互相垂直学生认真观察学 生 尝 试 画 垂线学 生 叙 述 画 垂线的步骤学 会 画 垂 线 的技巧学 生 画 垂 线 并互相交流复习旧知识，为学习新课做准备使学生学会用三角板准确的画垂线的方法，培养学生作图的能力。使学生掌握画图的技巧。使学生明确垂线的重要性质，直线外一点到这条直线间的距离垂线最短文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3学习好资料欢迎下载段最短，它的长度叫做这点到直线的距离。三、巩固练习 页题画一画2、页题我们在测定跳远成绩时，怎样测量比较准确呢？为什么？3、页题怎样修路最近呢？4、你能用一把直尺和一个量角器画一条直线的垂线吗？四、课堂小结通过学习画垂线，你有什么体会？五、作业练习画垂线学生动手尝试，小组内交流。小 组 内 研 究 交流特点全班汇报。学 生 独 立 画 出垂线，组内同学互查学生组内讨论，全班交流学生独立完成。学 生 动 手 画 垂线。通过练习，巩固画垂线的方法，初步培养学生空间想象能力。第三课时课题画平行线页课型新授教学目标知识与技能：1、会用三角尺和直尺熟练准确的画出一组平行线。2、会利用画垂线的方法准确的画出长方形。3、培养学生作图的能力。过程与方法通过操作活动，使学生经历画平行线的全过程，培养学生作图的能力。情感态度和价值观：通过活动，让学生从中感受到学习的乐趣，体会到成功的喜悦，从而提高学习的兴趣。重点巩固对平行线的认识，会用三角尺和直尺准确的画出一组平行线。难点准确的画出垂线和一组平行线。会利用画垂线和画平行线的方法准确的画出长方形。教具直尺或三角板教师导学学生活动教学意图文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3学习好资料欢迎下载教学过程一、复习导入1、回忆一下，什么叫平行线？2、我们身边哪些物体的边是互相平行的。我们怎么样才能画出一组平行线呢？这节课我们就来学习画平行线板书课题：画平行线二、探究新知可以用直尺和三角尺画平行线。步骤：）用左手固定直尺，用右手将三角尺的一条直角边紧贴着直尺，沿另一条直角边画一条直线。）将三角尺紧贴着直尺移动位置，再画出一条直线，这条直线与第一步画出的直线平行。可以用画平行线的方法检验两条直线是不是互相平行。大家用自己手中的直尺和三角板自己画一组平行线，然后小组内的同学互相检查，对方画的是否平行。3、小组活动：在你所画的这组平行线之间画几条与平行线垂直的线段，量一量这些线段的长度，你能发现什么？在小组内交流一下全班汇报小结：平行线间的距离是相等的。学生汇报学生举生活中的实例。学生认真观察后叙述画平行线的步骤学生画一组平行线，组内的同学互相检查。小组讨论后全班汇报复习所学的平行线知识，为学习新知识作准备。使学生掌握画平行线的方法，培养学生作图的能力。通过动手操作，使学生理解平行线间的距离是相等的小组讨论：怎样画一个长厘米、宽厘米的长方形？长方形的对边是互相平行的。相邻的两条边是互相垂直的。可以用垂线或平行线的方法来画。全班汇报组内研究的画法：先画一条长厘米的线段，再过两个端点在线段的同侧分别画两条与它垂直的厘米长的线段，最后把两条线段的端点用线连接起来。三、巩固新知：1、独立画一个边长是厘米的正方形。2、利用所学的画平行线和垂线的方法，自己设计一幅图画。四、课堂小结通过学习画平行线，你有什么体会五、作业页题学生讨论画法可以用垂线或平行线的方法来画。说画长方形的步骤。使学生会利用画垂线的方法准确的画出长方形。通过练习，能够把 学 到 的 知 识 进行 及 时 的 巩 固 复习。文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 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ZO2T2D6O4E3学习好资料欢迎下载第四课时课题平行四边形和梯形课型新授教学目标知识与技能：使学生理解平行四边形和梯形的概念及特征。2使学生了解学过的所有四边形之间的关系，并会用集合图表示。过程与方法：通过操作活动，使学生经历认识平行四边形和梯形的全过程，掌握它们的特征。情感态度和价值观：通过活动，让学生从中感受到学习的乐趣，体会到成功的喜悦，从而提高学习的兴趣。重点理解平行四边形和梯形的概念及特征。了解学过的所有四边形之间的关系，并会用集合图表示。难点理解平行四边形和梯形的概念及特征。用集合图表示学过的所有四边形之间的关系，教具图形，剪子，七巧板教学过程教师导学学生活动教学意图一、创设情景感知图形出示校园图（页）在我们美丽的校园中，你能找到那些四边形？梯子的侧面梯形画出你喜欢的一个四边形。说一说什么样的图形是四边形？展示学生画出的四边形，请学生标出它们的名称。长方形平行四边形梯形正方形小组交流：从四边形的特点来看，四边形可以分成几类？学生讨论交流二、探究新知黑板的表面、窗户的表面长方形楼梯的栏杆、活动门上面有平行四边形学生画自己喜欢的四边形按边的特点：对边平行的；只有一组对边平行，另一组不平行的；对边不平行的。创设情境，激发学生学习的兴趣，为学习新知识作准备通过分类，使学生进一步认识所学的四边形文档编码:CJ10Z4B5Z8U10 HG4R7L4H3D10 ZO2T2D6O4E3文档编码:C