2022年新版八年级英语下册第一至第十单元知识点总结.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全2022 新版八年级英语下册第一至第十单元学问点总结Unit 1 What s the matter.一、基础学问1. What s the matter. 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】 matter/ ' m.t .r /n. 问题；事情What s the matter with you.= Whats the trouble with you.= What s wrong with you. 你怎么了？have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼4. much too+ too much+ 5. enough 【形容、副词】足够的 / 地, enough good enough 足够好, enough money=much money 8. sound like+名词代词和从句： It sounds like you dont know the truth.It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词,“ 听起来,似乎” ,The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要,实义动词 need+名词,需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. 名师归纳总结 10. get off the bus 下（公交车） get on 上车第 1 页,共 25 页11. agree 同意,赞同；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全如： 如：12. trouble问题,麻烦 ；be in troublemake trouble ,have trouble in doing sth. =have difficulties in doing sth 13. right away=right now=at once,意为；14.【复习】 advice 不行数名词 劝说,建议,向 征求看法, give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 15. 【复习】 exercise 练习、锻炼 当 exercise 意为“ 练习” 时,为可数名词 即可加 s 当 exercise 意为“ 锤炼” 时,为不行数名词 即不加 s 16. hurt 及物动词,使 疼痛, 受伤,His leg hurt badly. 不及物动词, （部位）疼；18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位；19. be used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯于、适应了 、 做某事,强调状态； used to sth./ doing sth. “ 变得习惯,逐步适应 ” 强调过程、动作：It s difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【复习】 free 形容词 闲暇的 free time ；免费的 the drink is for free ；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free 【动词】使 解脱,得到自由：21. run out 用完,用完He could not free his arm. When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. run out. 某物用完了；人 sb. run out of sth. 人用完了某物； He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk sb. to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of doing sth.（做）某事的重要性名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全importance n. 重要（性）, important adj.重要的, decision 【名词】决定；选择；25. be in the control of of this new school. 掌管,治理 The headmaster is in the control be out of control无法掌握,无法治理 be under control被掌握住,在掌握之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为, Would you mind my opening the window. 27. give up doing sth. 舍弃（做）某事,give up playing computer games；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词 ing 形式,也可不接,如: Never give up easily. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本学问点2. cheer sb. up（让某人）变得兴奋；兴奋起来 3. give out 分发；散发,相当于 hand out , give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人；5. used to do sth. 过去 / 曾经 常 做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生；6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的,无感情颜色：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独孤寂的,带有很强的感情颜色, 可做表语或定语； The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth. 照管；照管 care 【名词】当心,关怀 take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关怀,在意某人 / 事【形容词】 careful 认真的 / careless 马虎的 【副词】 carefully 认真地8. such “ 这样的,这种,如此” ,用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+ 形容词 +单数名词： such a good day exciting match 多么 出色的竞赛多么美好的一天 /such an 名师归纳总结 such+形容词 +复数名词 / 不行数名词： such important decisions 多么重要的建第 3 页,共 25 页议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物假如名词前被 many, much, few, - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全little time 修饰时,只能用 so,而不用 such：so many sick children/ so little 9. try out for 参与 选拔,争取成为Thirty footb all players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out 试用,试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行,行程；trip 【名词】多指短途旅行；travel 【名词、 动词】travel around the world 【名词】 traveler 旅行者 11.【复习】 be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情12. 【复习】 try doing sth. 着做 尽力去做某事 try one 事试着去做某事 只是一种尝试 try to do sth. 试s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力去做某13. 【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担忧某人、某事14. raise money集资,筹钱； raise money for 为 筹钱raise 【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep 【动词】 keep+名词,保留（某物）； keep+形容词,保持16.【形容词】broken 破旧的,出毛病的；blind 瞎的,失明的；deaf 聋的；disabled有残疾的,丢失才能的；在句中做定语和表语；17. make it possible for sb. to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能,You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it + 形容词 +for sb. to do sth. think/find it + 形容词 to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为 ；18. make a di fference to 对 有影响；对 有作用,difference 前可以用 no, any, some, much 等修饰,如19. difficulty【可数 / 不行数】表示抽象意义的“ 困难” 时为不行数；表示具体的“ 难题、难事” 时为可数；名师归纳总结 have difficulty in doing sth.= have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有第 4 页,共 25 页困难- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全20. train 【动词】训练,trained为过去分词, 可做定语,意为“ 受过训练的”a trained dog 21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋 good news. ,Everyone is excited about the 【复习】 excited 意为 兴奋的,修饰人； exciting 意为 令人兴奋 / 兴奋的,修饰物；22. order 【名词】命令,指示；次序,次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order ；23. change 【动词】变化,转变 It s hard for a person to change his lifestyle. 【名词】变化；零钱change A for B 用 A 换成 B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. 24. repair 【动词】修理,修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定【fix up修理=repair 】Unit3 Could you please clean your room. Could you please （not ） do sth . 请你（做） .好吗？用于提出恳求,希望得到对方的确定回答, 说话的语气比较客气委婉； Could 不是 can 的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法；回答用 can. 【常用答语】确定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I cantCould I do a sth. 我可以做 . 吗？用于表达恳求,语气比较委婉；Could I go out with my classmate this weekend. 2】at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度； 反 at most 至多,不超过3】finish v 终止；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事【留意】 enough 修饰名词时,置于名词前；修饰形容词时,置于形容词之后；【拓展】 take 构成的短语：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全take a walk 去漫步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照管 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；渐渐来 take ones temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了；【解析 1】the minute = as soon as “ 一 . 就.” 【解析 2】 in front of 指在物体外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom. 指在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【留意】有 the 无 the 区分大： at table 吃饭；进餐 at the tabel 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（不肯定看病）【解析 3】come over 过来【拓展】 come 短语：come across （偶然）发觉 come back 回来 come up with 想出come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from来自, 诞生于此处删除come in/into 进入 , 进来 come on 赶快 , 加油 come along 走吧 , 过来, 快点 come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来, 花 开, 照片 冲洗出来 7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house. 你总 是看电视,从不帮忙做家务！all the time = always 始终；总是. 和.8. I m just as tired as you are. 我和你一样累！【解析】as.as 一样 . 9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周 的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做；名师归纳总结 【解析】 neither +助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 “ 某人（主语）也不”第 6 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 neither 两者都不neither nor既不 也不 , 连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确 定 Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 其次天,妈妈下班回到家后发觉房间很洁净、洁净；【解析】 find + 宾语 +宾语补足语【注】 find found found v 查找 1 find sb. doing sth 发觉某人做某事 2 find it + adj. + to do sth 发觉做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发觉做某事很困难11. She asked in surprise. 她惊讶地问道；【解析】 in surprise 诧异地；惊讶地surprise v 使惊讶 surprisin g adj. 令人惊讶的surprised adj. 惊讶的to one s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 be surprised at 对 感到惊讶 To my surprise_ 使我惊讶的是）, he got the first prize in the exam. 【解析 1】need v 需要用于确定句,是实义动词；1 人做主语, sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事2 物做主语, sth need doing sth= sth need to be done 用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词 1needn t = don t have to 没有必要 2need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,确定会的用 must, 否定回答用 neednt Must I go there now. Yes,you must/No, you neednt【解析 2】share 共享；共用 share sth 共享或共用某物 某人共享某物13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie.share sth with sb. 与看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把.悬挂/ 挂起14. Could you please pass me the salt.你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】 pass v 给；递；走过；通过pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人 v 通过；路过 I pass your home. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 v 通过（考试）；及格 Tom can pass his math exam. 15. Could I borrow that book.我能借下你那本书看吗、 Could you lend me some money.你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】 borrow /lend/keep 1borrow 借入 , 与 from 连用,尤指主语“ 【借进来” 】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library. 2lend 借出 , 与 to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 He doesnt want to lend his book to others. 3keep 保留,储存（连续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】 I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didn t _lend_ it to me, because Tom had _kept_ it for two days. 16. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了,伤口不能弄湿；【解析】 try not to do sth 努力（不）做某事 try v 试图,设法,努力【拓展】 1try on 试穿 2 try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】 3 try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】4try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事17. I hate to do chores. 我厌恶做家务； hate doing sth不hate to do sth 厌恶做某事 , 表示某次详细行为或动作；情愿做某事表示常常或习惯性行为或动作；18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then. 些杂活吗？那我能恳求你帮我做【解析】 ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事； ask for 恳求,要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事1ask sb. for help 向某人恳求帮忙 2 ask sb. not to do sth 恳求某人做某事名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全19.I ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候,我将完成我的家庭作业；【解析 1】finish doing sth 完成某事【解析 2】while conj. “ 在 期间；当 的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是连续动词；【解析 3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮忙某人；20. Could I invite my friends to a party. 我能邀请我的伴侣们来聚会吗？【解析】 invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地【解析】 invite v invitation n 邀请 1 invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事2invite sb. to + 地点 邀请某人去某地21.I don t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不懂得为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务；【解析】 make sb. do sth 使得让某人做某事 make made made v. 做, 制作,1 make sb/sth + 形容词 “ 让某人或某物 ” make you happy2 make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. 22.They don t have time to study and do housework,too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务；【解析】 have time to do sth.有时间做某事 have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在铺张他们的时间；【解析】 a waste of 铺张 a waste of time 铺张时间 a waste of money 铺张金钱waste time/money on sth waste time / money in doing sth 在做某事上花 费时间 / 金钱名师归纳总结 2 pay paid paid v 支付,主语是人第 9 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.3 cost cost cost v 花费,主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. + 钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money. 4take took taken v 花费 It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 It takes him 3 hours to do his homework. 【解析 2】in order to “ 目的是；为了”后接动词原形； in order to do sth 为了做某事【解析3】get into =enter 进入【拓展】与 get 相关的短语：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服get dressed 穿衣 get into 进入 get/be lost 丢失 get off/on 下/ 上车get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好 get out of 从 出来 get warm 变暧get ready for +n. 为 做预备 get ready to do sth. 预备做某事get well 康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleepfall asleep 入睡 相关： be asleep 睡着 【解析】 provide sth. for sb. 为某人供应某物 provide v 供应 provide sb. with sth. sb 前介词用 for =provide sth for sb. sth 前需加介词 with 供应某人某物 相当于： offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. 28. 解析】 It is important for sb. to do sth. 29. 【解析】 depend on 依靠；信任对某人来说做某事是重要的30. 【解析 1】 do ones part 尽职责；尽本分 Do ones part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责keep 系动词 “ 保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词“ 保持；连续”1 keep on doing sth 连续做某事 2 keep sb. Doing sth 让某人始终做某事名师归纳总结 31. 【解析】 develop independence 培育独立意识第 10 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全develop v development n 进展 developing adj. 进展 developed adj. 发达的a developing country 一个进展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家32. the importance of saving these animals 33. 【解析】 take care of 照管第一个做某事的人Thanks for your invi tation, but I m so sorry I cant go. I need to _take care of_ my baby at home. 【拓展】与 take 相关的短语：take photos/pictures 照像 take away 拿走 take out 取出 work out 算出 take care 当心take medicine 服药 take place 发生 take one s temperature 量体温 take ones time 别焦急 take a walk 漫步34. 【解析 1】as a result 结果 （插入语,放在句首,用逗号隔开）Dont ask him too late into the night, _As a result_ , he is only a small child. 【解析 2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡越. ”35 . 【解析】 the + 比较级, the + 比较级 “ 越. The more you smile, the _ happier_ you will feel. Unit 4 Why don 一、基础学问t you talk to your parents.1. Why don t you talk to your parents. 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？【解析】 Why don't you do sth .= Why not do sth. 为什么不 . 呢？【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：名师归纳总结 1What about doing sth .=How about doing sth. . 怎么样？第 11 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全2Why don t you do sth.= Why not do sth. 为什么不呢？3Let s do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧；4Shall we/I do sth. 我们做 好吗？5had better do/not do sth 最好做 / 不做某事6 Will/Would you please do sth 请你做 好吗？7 Would you like to do sth. 你想去做某事吗？8Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？【回答】1. 同意对方的建议时,一般用： Good idea./ Thats good idea. 好想法 OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/ 太好了 Yes, please ./ Id love to 是的/ 我情愿 I agree with you 我同意你的看法 No problem 没问题 Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以 Yes, I think so 对,我也这样想2. 对对方的帮忙或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用： I don t think so 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I cant 对不起,我不能 I d love to, but I m afraid 我情愿,但唯恐 【解析 1】1too many + 复数名词 很多 too many people 2too much + 不行数名词 很多 too much homework 3much too + 形容词 太 much too cold【解析】 allow sb. to do sth 答应某人做某事【拓展】 allow v 答应allow doing sth 答应做某事 They dont allow smoking. allow sb. to do sth 答应某人做某事 My mother allows me to watch TV. be allowed to do sth 被答应做某事【拓展】 allow 与 let 的辨析：allow 指“ 答应” ,表示“ 默许,听任,不加阻挡” ,allow sb to do sth答应某人做某事；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - -