2022年名词性从句全解及真题练习.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思名词从句全解及真题练习名词性从句（基础篇）一名词性从句连词：1 连接词 that, if, whether, as if/as though, because 2 连接代词： who, whom, whose, what, which,whoever, whatever, whichever 3 连接副词： when, where, why, how, how many/much/long/soon/often, whenever, wherever 二主语从句1. that 引导的主语从句,只起连接作用That we must master English words as many as possible is very important. 2. wh-引导的主语从句： 连接承担句子成分 （主、宾、表、定、状）What you are doing is very difficult. 3. whether/if 引导主语从句： whether 引导主从既可放句首,也可放句中； 但 if 引导的主从只能放句中,前用 it 作形式主语Whether it is true remains a question. the plan. 4. It + 谓语 + 主语从句 1 it + be + 形容词 + that/ wh-从句It is doubtful whether the manager knew the details of It is certain that your son will do well in his exam. 2 it + be + 名词 + that/ wh-从句 It remains a question whether it is true. 3 it + be + 过去分词 + that/ wh-从句 It has not been decided who will perform the operation. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思4 it + 不及物动词 + that/ wh-从句It happened that I was not there that day. 留意：1 3 在表示建议、要求、命令、愿望、义务、责任时,从句中的谓语要用“ should + V 原形 ” 5. 主从应当留意的问题：1 以下情形,真正主语 that 引导的从句不行和形式主语相替换 It is said /reported 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. （That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ） It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. （That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ）×It doesn t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时, 主语从句不行提前； 例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. if 引导的主语从句,例如： Does it matter if he cant finish the job o2 wh-引导的主语从句既可放句首也可放居末,但是what, whatever, whoever等引导的主从不用 it 作形式主语；例如： Whoever wants to see the film may get a ticket. 3 以下两种情形中常用 it 作形式主语 主语从句是一个疑问句：Has is been decided where we will perform the experiment. 在“ It does not matter + how, whether, if. 结构中”It does not matter to me whether he is going there or not. 4 由 what 引导的主语从句以及谓语动词单复数问题主从中 what 仍可用于强调； what 引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但实际用单数仍是复数取决于其含义；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 What we need is time.What I did was to turn off the radio. 三宾语从句宾从可以作谓语动词的宾语、介词的宾语、仍可作非谓语动词（不定式,动名词,现在分词）的宾语；1 作动词的宾语 that 引导宾从在口语和非正式情形下常省略I believe that you are telling the truth. 在 demand/insist/suggest.等表打算、要求、建议等动词之后,that 从句常用 “（should）+ V 原形”The manager suggest that we should call of the plan. 需要否定前置的情形：在assume, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose, think 等表示“认为,猜想,估量”的意思时,其后的宾语从句如带否定意义, 通常要否定前置； I don't think thathe will succeed. I think that he will not succeed. 此类动词如主语为第一人称,变为反义疑问句时,要看宾从中的谓语动词；I don't believe she knows it, does she. I don't think he was happy, was he . 假如宾从后跟有补语,常用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正宾语从句放到补语后；I think it important that young people master two languages. 在 hope, believe, suppose, guess, think, be afraid等动词后面, 可用 so 代替上面个提到的一个从句；如：-Do you believe that we can get a rise in pay.-I hope so. 宾从都要用陈述语气 . 2 作介词的宾语介词后面可以跟whether 和 wh-引导的从句 : She laughed at what we said. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思that 通常不能跟在介词后作宾语,但可跟在带有形式宾语it 之后做介词的真正宾语；You may depend on it that he will join the club 【留意】在 in that. / except that. / but that. / besides that.结构视为固定搭配；if 和 whether 在引导宾从时可以互换； 但介词后宾从只能用whether；不行用 if ；It is a question of whether we should go.不行用 if 3 作非谓语动词的宾语 作不定式的宾语： It is hard to say how long the operation will last. 作动名词宾语： On learning that Mr. Wang was seriously ill, the doctor went to see him at once. 作分词的宾语： Knowing that the patient was very weak, the nurse saw him home. 4 作形容词的宾语某些表感情颜色或表动态的形容词和分词（如：afraid, amazed, annoyed, anxious, aware, certain, confident, conscious, disappointed, doubtful, glad, pleased, sure, surprised 等）作表语时, 后面可跟一个意义上相当于宾语的名词从句；如：She was afraid that she would lose face. Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year. 5 宾从时态一样问题： 主句为现在时态,从句时态可依据实际情形需要而定； I know he lived in a city four years ago. 主句用过去范畴内的时态,从句中肯定要用过去范畴的时态；He said he had seen the film. 宾从如表达真理,不受主句时态影响,沿用一般现在时；My father told me that the sun rises in the east. 6 宾从的连接：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思宾从时陈述句时,用that 引导He asks me if 宾从是一般疑问句时,用whether、if 连接；（句尾标点符号取决于主句）/whether you are a student. Do you know if he is a student. 宾从时特殊疑问句时,连接词=原先的疑问词；但肯定要变成陈述语气；四表语从句 常用的关联词同主语从句；此外仍可用 as if/ if 来引导；1 that 不能省略；2 wh-引导的表语从句时,无疑问意义,而是分别表示详细的地点,时间,缘由和方式；This is what I want. Their difficultly is where they can raise enough money. 3 as if, as though, because, as, just as也可引导表从 It looks as if we will be late. 4 引导表从可用 whether,不用 if （留意与 as if 区分）；五同位语从句主句中有些名词词义比较抽象,如belief, conclusion, doubt, evidence, fact, hope, idea, possibility, though 等,它们往往需要用从句来详细说明这一名词的实际内容或对该名词作 进一步说明；这些从句叫做同位语从句；I had no idea that you were here. 1 引导同位从一般用 that,不行省略；2 可以用连接代词、 连接副词如： who, why, how, whether等引导；The question who should do the job requires consideration. 3 常后跟同位从的名词仍有：news. answer, excuse, fear, hope, suggestion, understanding, opinion, 名词性从句（提高篇）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 一whether 和 if 以下几种情形中 , 只能用 whether: 1. 强调两方面的挑选,特殊是句中有 or not 时；如：Let me know whether you can come or not. 2. 宾语从句前置时；如：Whether this is true, I can't say. 3. 引导表语、同位语从句时；如：The question is whether he can do it. （表语从句）The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. （同位语从句）4. 在不定式前与不定式一起组成词组时；如：Whether to go or stay is still a question. 5. 在 discuss, decide 等动词后作宾语时；如：We discussed whether we should go there by plane. 【留意】：whether 可引导让步状语从句, 是"不管；无论" 之意：I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 二that 在名从中是否省略 1.宾从中的 that 在口语中常省略；但在以下情形中要保留；1）特别规语序中：a.主句和宾从被插入的状语或插入语分割开：状语前置分割 :she said last night that she did some reading. 插入语分割 :I don't doubt, in any case, that we will win. b.宾语从句提前时 : That Bob was frightened, I can't believe. 2）句子冗长时：a.多个宾从 :当引导两个或两个以上宾语从句时,其次个或其次个一回事那个的宾语从句中 的 that 不行省略；She said Lesson2 was important and that she should learn it well. 如省略 that,后一个从句就可名师归纳总结 第 6 页,共 20 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 能与上句 she said并列 b.从句套从句：宾语从句中含有主从复合句,that 要保留；She promised me that if I worked hard from then on , they would buy me a computer. 3）固定用法中：a.简短答句时 : What do you assume from his attitude. That he was frightened. b.使用形式宾语 it 代替 that 所引导的宾从时：I found it quite a surprise that everybody in that city has a car. 2.引导主语从句的that 一般不行省略,但如用it 作形式主语时, that 可以省略；试比较下面两句：That the earth moves around the sun is known to all. It is known to all the earth moves around the sun. 3.引导表语从句的 that 一般不省略； The reason why he studied well is that he is always hardworking. 4.引导同位语从句的 that（特殊是说明主语的同位语） 不行省略；The news that our team had won excited everyone. 三双重疑问句（复杂疑问句） （留意与 I think /I believe,they say/we expect插入语区分）“疑问词 +do you think+从句主语 +谓语+其余部分 ”常用来征询对某一个问题的看法、熟悉、估量、判定、期望等,常用的动词的是：think, believe, suppose, imagine, say, hope等；这种双重问句的主句属于特殊疑问句型,宾语由宾语从句充当,但宾从没有引导词；主句的特殊疑问词在规律上应当是宾语从句的一部分；如 you guess let out the dog. : Why do you think he is upset. Who do 留意：这种双重疑问句的回答不用 Yes或 No,而是当特殊疑问句来回答； 如: Whom do you think he will go for walk with. He will go with Marry. What do you think he is .I think 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思he is a teacher./ A teacher. 四名词性从句与 what 1.what 结构的使用用 what 引导的名词性从句在使用和懂得上有两种情形；1）what 用作疑问词性质的连接代词,相当于“什么、什么样的 ” It is not yet pretty well understood what made the rainforest disappear year by year. 2 what 当关系代词性质的连接代词用,相当于the things that/ which 或 all that；意为“所 的,所 的事情 ”等,详细用法如下：what 的含义 例句 Theyve done what they can to help her. “ 所 的东西或事 He saves what he earns. 情”What Mary is is the secretary. He is no longer what he was. “ 所 的人或的样 He is what is generally called a traitor. 子”Who is it that has made Fred what he is now. “ 所 的数量或数 Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was 目”before liberation. “ 所 的时间 ”After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. “ 所 的地方 ”This is what they call Salt Lake City. In 1492 Columbus reached what is now called America. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【留意】：这样用的 what 相当于 “先行词 +关系代词 ”,所以其前不能有先行词：正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything that you like. 误：You can have everything what you like. 有时 what 可用作限定词,其后修饰一个名词,表示“ all that.全部的都 ”：I gave him what books I had.我把我全部的书都给他了； He gave me what money he had about him.他把身边带 有的钱全给了我；What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不行数名词,但通常不用单数可数名词：误 :I gave him what book I had. （books）What 后接不行数名词时,有时可有little 修饰；留意区分： what+不行数名词 =全部的都,what little+ 不行数名词 =虽少但全部；如： I spent what time I had with her.我全部的时间都是 与她一起度过的； I spent what little time I had with her.我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过 的；3）whatever引导的从句在使用时也有两种情形；引导名词性从句,相当于“ anything that.”I shall accept whatever you buy for me. 引导让步状语从句,相当于“ no matter that.”Whatever you do, you must try your best to do it well. 2.what 引导的一种特殊的名词性从句 1）结构： what 引导的插入语 +名词；2）作用：用于表示 a对某事物的看法 /态度 b.不愿定 /无把握及不确定的人 /物；c对后面的 名词的说明或强调 3）常见表达形式为：What one call 或 what is called What sb know as、what is known as、what is regarded as 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 What seem 或 appear to sb to be What sb think What seem/look like What might be/ have been What is called atomic energy is actually nuclear energy. He was born in what is now known as Shanghai. In the gloom he saw what could have been a fox running. 留意：what 引导的插入语后面的名从起说明的作用；省略它,主句仍旧完整； 从意义上看,可将它视为定语,即：句子作前置定语,修饰后面的名词；3.what, whatever, who, whoever等引导的名从的异同 whatever=anything that无论什么 whoever=anyone that（无论谁）whenever=any time = no matter when（无论何时）wherever=any place = no matter where（无论何地）以上四个都是泛指；而 what, who, when, when就是特指；Who spoke at the meeting is unknown.The person who spoke at the meeting is known. Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 留意： wh-ever 不用形式主语 it 替代；（见基础篇讲义）分开写的 who ever 或 what ever用于疑问句中表诧异、 愤慨等剧烈感情；Who ever =on earth told you that. whoever 的宾格也用 whoever,一般不用 whomever；4.that 与 what 引导的从句的异同 相同点：都用来引导名词性从句；不同点有二：1）引导名词性从句时, that 不作句子成分,也无意义,只起连接句子的作用；what 就可在 从句中作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语,且保持原疑问词的意义或表示“ 所 的事情” “所 的东西 ”等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思After years of hard work , she was made what she was.what引导的从句作宾语补足语,此时不用 that 2）glad/sorry/afraid/happy/angry 等形容词后可直接跟that 引导的从句,原与形容词搭配的介词省略不用； what 从句假如放在这些形容词后,形容词后介词要保留,不行省略；He was very angry that some of the students was absent. I am very pleased with what they had said. 五感叹句形式的名词性从句主从、表从、宾从有时候是以感叹句形式显现在句中；You never thought what a wonderful time we had at the party. You can't imagine what difficulty/how difficult I had finding this shop.What an interesting role she played in the film attracted the audiences' interest. 六含有 it 的一种特殊的名词性从句有些动词也有 it 做形式宾语的情形；如 on 等；take, have, owe认为,see to（留心,照料） , depend You may depend on it that they will help you.你可以放心他们会帮忙你的；Would you see to it that the villagers have clean drinking water.你负责保证村民们有洁净的饮 水,好吗？Rumour has it that we will have a new manager soon.据说我们不久就会有一位新经理；I put it to you that you are the only person who has a motive for the crime.我让你明白你是唯独 具有犯罪动机的人；I take it that you won't be coming to Sophie's party.我想你不会去参与索菲亚家的聚会；Are we to take it that you refuse to cooperate. 我们是否可以认为你拒绝合作；五辨别 that 引导的从句类型名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 20 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 辨别 that 引导的是定语从句、 同位语从句、主语从句或强调结构, 可用“成分法 ”、“试加法 ”、“试减法 ”、“仍原法 ”；1）成分法 定语从句 分析 that 从句的句子成分, 如 that 在从句从当主语或宾语, 就此从句为定语从句； You must do everything that I do. 2）试加法 同位语从句 在名词和从句之间加系动词 be,使该名次和从句构成一个新的句子；假如句子通顺,合乎规律,那么该从句就是同位语从句；3）仍原法 主语从句We heard the news that our team had won. 把 that 引导的从句调到句首,去掉句首的 it,检查整个复合句是否通顺、合乎规律且新句子的意思不变；假如句子意思不变,就该从句为主语从句；o'clock every morning. 4）试减法 强调结构It's a rule that he gets yo t six 去掉句中的 “ It be.that. 框架,假如句子剩下的部分（可调整成分的位置）意思通顺,合乎规律,就该句是强调句式；It was the goat's eyes that he had seen yesterday. 试判定以下各句中的 that 从句类型：It's clear that he has finished his homework.主从 It is you that are wrong.强调结构 The fact that he had not said anything surprised us.同从 A play is a machine that can fly.定从 历年高考真题：（附答案）1. _ you have done might do harm to other people. 87 A. That B. What C. Which D. This 第 12 页,共 20 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2. They have no idea at all _. 87 A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he had gone 3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 88A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _. 88 A. where he is most needed B. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed 5. These photographs will show you _. 89 A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 6. Can you make sure _ the gold ring. 90 A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 7. No one can be sure _ in a million years. 91 A. what man will look like C. man will look like what B. what will man look like D. what look will man like 8. _ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. 92A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. 92 A. which B. that C. if D. for 10. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 名师归纳总结 第 13 页,