2022年五年级数学下册知识点汇总 .pdf

五年级下册数学知识点汇总一、图形的变换轴对称:如果一个图形沿着一条直线对折后两部分完全重合，这样的图形叫做轴对称图形，这条直线叫做对称轴。轴对称图形的特点：（1）对称轴两边的图形一定完全相同（2）对应点也关于对称轴对称（3）对应点的连线垂直于对称轴（4）对应点到对称轴的距离相等旋转：在平面内，一个图形绕着一个顶点旋转一定的角度得到另一个图形的变化较做旋转，定点 O 叫做旋转中心，旋转的角度叫做旋转角，原图形上的一点旋转后成为的另一点成为对应点。旋转的特点：（1）旋转前后图形形状和大小都不变。（2）每组对应点与旋转中心的连线所成角的度数都等于旋转角度。（3）各对应点之间的距离也相等。轴对称图形成轴对称区别只有一个图形有两个图形至少有一条对称轴只有一条对称轴联系沿一条直线折叠,直线两旁的部分能够完全重合都有对称轴如果把一个轴对称图形沿对称轴分成两个图形，那么这两个图形成轴对称；如果把成轴对称的两个图形看成一个图形，那么这个图形就是轴对称图形二、因数和倍数1、26=12，2和 6 是 12 的因数，12 是 2 的倍数，也是 6 的倍数。注意：（1）为了方便，在研究因数和倍数的时候，我们所说的数指的是整数（不包括0）（2）在说倍数（或因数）时，必须说明谁是谁的倍数（或因数）。不能单独说谁是倍数（或因数）。因数和倍数不能单独存在。2、找因、倍数方法一个数的因数的个数是 有限的，其中最小的因数是1，最大的因数是 它本身。一个数的倍数的个数是 无限的，最小的倍数是 它本身。自然数按能不能被2 整除来分：奇数：不能被 2 整除的数偶数：能被 2 整除的数2 的倍数：个位上是 0，2，4，6，8 的数。5 的倍数：个位上是 0 或 5 的数。3 的倍数：一个数各数位上的数的和是3 的倍数。质数：有且只有 两个因数，1 和它本身3、自然数按因数的个数来分：1：只有 1 个因数。既不是质数，也不是合数合数：至少有 三个因数，1、它本身、别的因数最小的质数是 2，最小的合数是4。偶数不一定全是合数，如2 奇数不一定全是质数，如9、15 4、最大公因数、最小公倍数 短除法最大公因数如果两数是倍数关系时，那么 较小的数 就是它们的最大公因数，较大的数 就是它们的最小公倍数。如果两数互质时，那么 1 就是它们的最大公因数，它们的积就是它们的最小公倍数。三、长方体和正方体文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5【体积单位换算】高级单位低级单位低级单位高级单位单位进制长度米、分米、厘米10 面积平方米、平方分米、平方厘米100 体积立方米、立方分米、立方厘米1000 1 千米=1000米1 平方千米=100 公顷=1000000平方米1 升=1000毫升 1 升=1立方分米 1毫升=1立方厘米四分数的意义和性质形体相同点不同点联系面棱顶点面的形状面的面积棱长长方体6 个面12 条棱8 个顶点6 个面都是长方形，有时有两个相对的面是正方形相对的两个面面积相等相对的棱长度相等正方体是一种特殊的长方体正方体6 个面12 条棱8 个顶点6 个面都是完全相同的正方形6 个面的面积都相等12 条棱的长度都相等形体周长表面积体积（容积）定义计算公式常用单位定义计算公式常用单位定义计算公式常用单位长方体长方体或正方体所有边之和，叫做它们的周长S=(a+b+c)4 厘米分米米长方体或正方体6 个面的面积之和，叫做它们的表面积S=(ab+ah+bh)2 平方厘米平方分米平方米物体所占空间的大小叫做物体的体积。容器所能容纳物体的体积，通常叫做它们的容积V=abh V=sh 立方厘米（升毫）立方分米（升）立方米正方体S=12a S=6a2 V=a3 V=sh进率进率文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5分数的产生分数的意义分数与意义：把单位1 平均分成几份，表示其中的一份或几份分数与除法：被除数除数被除数除数真分数真分数小于1 真分数与假分数假分数假分数大于1 或等于 1.带分数（整数部分和真分数）分数的基本性质：分数的分子、分母同时乘以或者除以一个相同的数，分数的基本性质（0 除外），分数的大小不变。通、约分最大公因数约 分求最大公因数最简分数分子分母互质的分数（最简真分数、最简假分数）约分及其方法最小公倍数通 分求最小公倍数分数比大小（通分、通分子、化成小数）通分及其方法小数化分数小数化成分母是10、100、1000 的分数再化简分数和小数的互化分数化小数分子除以分母，除不尽的取近似值五分数的加法和减法文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5同分母分数加、减法（分母不变，分子相加减）分数数的加法和减法异分母分数加、减法（通分后再加减）分数加减混合运算带分数加减法:带分数相加减，整数部分和分数部分分别相加减，再把所得的结果合并起来。六统计众数一组数据中出现次数最多的数叫众数。众数能够反映一组数据的集中情况。统计在一组数据中，众数可能不止一个，也可能没有众数。复式折线统计图综合应用打电话的最优方案中位数的求法：1、按大小排列。2、如果数据的个数是单数，那么最中间的那个数就是中位数；如果数据的个数是双数，那么最中间的那两个数的平均数就是中位数。文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5文档编码:CP9D7B5K10H3 HQ8K6A2B1H4 ZO3S2K3W2N5