2022年职称英语考试试题理工类“Liquefaction”KeytoMuchofJapaneseEarthquakeDamage.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 20XX 年职称英语考试试题理工类：“ Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage导语： 元宵以后, 20XX 年职称英语考试 时间立刻要来到！在历年的 职称英语 考试中,专家进行分析, 每年考试阅读中有很部分题目是来自 职称英语考试教材；为此, 小编为考生 祝学 整理了一些理工类教材里面的重点 职称英语考试试题 供考生参考, 期望对考生有帮忙！习开心！“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its 1 severity, a new analysis shows. "We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3 . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet." Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 . But most earthquakes are much 6 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8. "With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 filled ground, are much more vulnerable." The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9. "There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11 ," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns." Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction -on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities. Anything 13 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14 collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse -even as they tilted and sank into the ground. 词汇：subduction /s.b'd.k.n/ n俯冲sediment /'sedim.nt/ n沉积；沉淀物liquefaction /likwi'f.k.n/ n液化infrastructure /'Infr.,str.kt./ n 基础设施geotecnical /d.i.u'teknik.l adj 岩土技术 vulnerable /'v.ln.r.bl/ ad 易受损害的 注释：compaction /k.m'p.k.n/ n 压紧的1. subduction zone：俯冲带；亦称下降带、潜没带、消亡带；板块构造说认为,当大洋板块移动并与大陆板块相遇时,由于大洋板块岩石密度较大,位置也低, 便俯冲到大陆板块之下,这一俯冲部分叫做俯冲带；俯冲带两侧板块会聚边界称会聚边缘（convergent boundary ；俯冲带上面反映震源活动的地带称“ 贝尼奥夫地震带（Benioff seismic zone" ；2. soil "liquefaction" ：土壤液化；土壤液化现象是指由于孔隙水压力上升,有效应力减小所导致的土壤从固态到液态的变化,现液态的现象；3. localized ：小范畴的饱水的疏松的粉、 细砂土在振动作用下突然破坏而呈4. geotechnical engineering ：岩土工程；5. Oregon State University ：俄勒冈州立高校,建校于1858 年,位于美国俄勒冈州科瓦利斯,全校设 11 个学院, 80 多个专业,尤以农科和工程最为突出；20XX 年俄勒冈州立大学的核能工程专业在全美高校中排名第 9 名；6. water, drain and gas pipelines：自来水管道、排水管道和煤气管道；"water, drain and gaspipelines 即“” water pipelines, drain pipelines and gas pipelines" ；7. some degree of soil liquefaction ：某种程度的土壤液化8. to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this：本句的意思是：重新注视类似这次（连续时间长的）地震中因土壤液化而可能造成的毁坏的规模；9. recovery efforts ：重建工作10. that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan ：我们将从日本的地震中学到许多名师归纳总结 东西；该句是同位语从句,说出前半句no doubt 的内容；第 2 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 11. that：that 引导的是定语从句,修辞前半句中的 things；12.suspect：被怀疑对象；文中指的是那些疑似危急的土壤；练习：1.A internal B. different C. difficult D. widespread 2.A volume B. length C. extent D. width 3.A function B. repair C. build D. remove 4.A durability B. strength C. ability D. property 5.A ascend B. compact C. collapse D. recover 6.A shorter B. longer C. simpler D. stranger 7.A when B. what C. how D. which 8.A occasionally B. frequently C. specially D. recently 9.A development B. phenomenon C. formation D. composition 10.Aunless B. until C. after D. before 11.Afindings B. locations C. events D. sources 12.Adelivered B. deposited C. destroyed D. detached 13.Anear B. from C. inside D. over 14.Aprevent B. accelerate C. predict D. detect 15.Astyles B. sites C. costs D. standards 答案与题解：1.D 前文说到日本的俯冲带地震是 massive（庞大的）,而且砂土液化到达一个 significant level ；依据上述描述,选 widespread（分布广泛的）修饰 severity 是正确的；其他三个选项 与 severity 搭配后,意思接不上；2.C 本句由 but 连接并列的两个分句组成；液化的现象,但涉及范畴较小；其次个分句通过第一个分句说以前也发生过地震引发的砂土 but 语气一转,说这次地震造成的破坏是罕见的；很明显,选 extent程度 与 distance（距离,范畴）合用说明破坏的程度和范畴是符合上下文的意思的；3.A 在“The shifts in soil destroyed water, sewer and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communitie s need to ”中,"these communities need to. 是定语从句, 指代utilities 和 infrastructure 的关系代词 which 在定语从句中起宾语作用,被省略了；need 后面的动词不定式的规律主语是which ,也就是 utilities and infrastructure ；从意思上看,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 这些社区需要这些公用事业设备和基础设施起功能作用（其他选项都不合适；function ；选 function 是对的；4.B 浸了水的砂土,特殊是新近的沉积土、沙土等失去的不会是 durability （耐用性）和 ability （才能）,也不会是泛泛的property（性质）,而是 strength（强度）；5.C 浸了水的砂土强度降低或消逝；砂土随水流淌,就会引发建筑物移位（shift ）或下沉sink ；再进展下去, 建筑物就会倒塌 （collapse；collapse 是答案； 如挑选 ascend（上升）、compact 压实 或 recover（复原）,意思与上文接不上；6.A 地震连续的时间一般为数十秒；这次日本地震的时间长达 入的词应当是 shorter,说明大多数地震的连续时间比它短；5 分钟；所以此题要填7.C 从意思上看,选 how 是正确的； when structures、what structures 或 which structures意思明显不通；8.D 第三段其次句显现“particularly recent sediment；recent sediment 浸水后就失去了强度；这提示了此题要选 recently,由于建立在新近填就的土壤上的建筑物是最易受到损害的；soil 9.B 分析日本大地震得出的数据不会令科学家获得有关 soil development （土壤进展） 、formation（土壤形成） soil composition（土壤构成） 这些方面的学问； 如选 phenomenon,意思就是科学家的讨论分析有助于他们明白到土壤浸水后的这类现象,以便做好防范, 应付将来可能发生的同类现象；上下文意思很连贯,因此phenomenon 是正确的选项；1O.D 选 unless、until 或 after 都不合规律；此题句子的意思是：重建工作第一要清理 废墟,这样地震现场就被破坏了；所以科学家要赶在重建工作开头之前收集好地震资料；before 是答案；11.C 本句的意思是：科学家无疑会从日本大地震中学到不少东西,从而有助于减低今后发生类似的地震时的风险；四个选项中只有 震事events 合适； similar events 指的是 “ 类似的地件” ；如选 findings （调查结果） 、locations （地点）或 sources（来源）,句子的意思就不对；12.B 本句说明 “young ”这个词在地质学中的含义；句中的 those 指代 sediments；"young" sediments 指那些岁月少于或略超过一万年的sediments；deposit 是“沉积 ”,与句子意思匹配,是答案；其他三个选项,词义离题很远,只是词形与 deposit 有点相像,起干扰作用而已,它们不是答案；13.A 上一段说, younger soils 是特别脆弱的；本句的anything 指的是 soils；哪些地方名师归纳总结 的 soils 是疑似高危对象呢？假如指soils from/inside/over river and old flood plains是不合常理第 4 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 的；正确的挑选应当是near,靠近河流和原洪泛区的土壤才是危急地区；因此near 是答案；14.A 加固危桥的目的是为了防止坍塌；选项 prevent 是答案；15.D 在 3 月 11 日的日本大地震中,震区的建筑物倾斜、下沉,但没有倒塌；建筑上的什么因素起到了防塌的作用呢？当然不会是 sites（建construction styles（建筑风格） 、 construction 筑工地） 或 construction facilities （建筑设备） ；日本的 construction standards（建筑标准）才是防塌的关键因素；因此 standards是答案；举荐阅读：目前 职称英语 考试报名工作各地已经终止,各地考试报名订购的教材也在间续发放领取,点击此处进入职称英语考试用书领取通知汇总>>为了让广大考生有更充分的时间备考,职业培训训练网“ 20XX年职称英语考试网上辅导” 现已全面招生,自付费之日起可不限时间、次数重复点播学习,直到当期考试终止后一 周关闭,机会难得,欲报从速！20XX 年职称英语考试网上辅导课程已经全面改版,荣耀升级高清视频逼真课堂模式,名师归纳总结 让学员学习起来更真实,更清楚,更便利！欢迎体验 >>第 5 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -