2022年人教版高中物理选修1.8《电容器和电容》word学案 .pdf
名师精编优秀教案1.8 电容器与电容课前预习学案一、预习目标1 知道什么是电容器以及常用的电容器2 知道公式及其含义，知道平行板电容器的电容与哪些因素有关。二、预习内容1两个相距很近的平行金属板中间夹上一层绝缘物质，就组成一个最简单的电容器，叫做 _实际上，任何两个 _ 又_ 的导体，都可以看成一个电容器2电容器 _与电容器 _的比值，叫做电容器的电容表达式C _，国 际 单 位 制 中 单 位 _，简 称 _，符 号_常用较小单位 lF_F，l pF _F电容是表示电容器_ _ 的物理量3常用电容器从构造上看，可分为_和_ 两类常用的固定电容器有_和_ 三、提出疑惑同学们，通过你的自主学习，你还有哪些疑惑，请把它填在下面的表格中疑惑点疑惑内容课内探究学案一、教学目标知道什么是电容器以及常用的电容器。理解电容器的电容概念及其定义，并能用来进行有关的计算。知道公式及其含义，知道平行板电容器的电容与哪些因素有关。会对平行板电容器问题的动态分析。二、学习过程1、电容器（1）构造:.（2）电容器的充电、放电操作：把电容器的一个极板与电池组的正极相连，另一个极板与负极相连，两个极板上就分别带上了等量的异种电荷。这个过程叫做。现象：。名师精编优秀教案操作:把充电后的电容器的两个极板接通,两极板上的电荷互相中和,电容器就不带电了,这个过程叫 .现象:。提问:电容器在充、放电的过程中的能量转化关系是什么?小结：。2、电容与水容器类比后得出。说明：对于给定电容器，相当于给定柱形水容器，C（类比于横截面积）不变。这是量度式，不是关系式。在C 一定情况下，Q=CU，Q正比于 U。（1）定义：。（2）公式：。（3）单位：。（4）电容的物理意义：。3、平行板电容器的电容（1）演示 感应起电机给静电计带电说明:静电计是在验电器的基础上制成的,用来测量电势差.把它的金属球与一个导体相连,把它的金属外壳与另一个导体相连,从指针的偏转角度可以量出两个导体之间的电势差U.三、反思总结1.2.3.结论:。平行板电容器的决定式：真空介质四、当堂检测1关于电容器的充放电，下列说法中正确的是()A充放电过程中外电路有瞬间电流B充放电过程中外电路有恒定电流C充电过程中电源提供的电能全部转化为内能D放电过程中电容器中的电场能逐渐减小2一平行板电容器始终与电池相连，现将一块均匀的电介质板插进电容器恰好充满两极板间的空间，与未插电介质时相比()A电容器所带的电荷量增大 B电容器的电容增大C两极板间各处电场强度减小 D两极板间的电势差减小3下列关于电容器的说法中，正确的是()A电容越大的电容器，带电荷量也一定越多B电容器不带电时，其电容为零文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7名师精编优秀教案C由 CQU可知，C不变时，只要Q不断增加，则U可无限制地增大D电容器的电容跟它是否带电无关课后练习与提高1两块水平放置的平行金属板A和 B（A在上，B在下），两板间的电压U=200V，要使一个质量为 5g，带电量为力-510-6C的微粒恰能在两板间的某点静止，g取 10m/s2，（1）试确定A极板的带电性质；（2）求两极板间的距离。2一平行板电容器，板间距离为d，电容为C，接在电源电压为U的电源上，充电完成后撤去电源，求：（1）充电后电容器的带电量；（2）充电后两极板间的电场强度；（3）若再拉开两板，使板间距离增大为2d，则电容器的电容变为多少？电量变为多少？电压变为多少？板间电场强度变为多大？课内探究学案二、学习过程1、（1）任何两个彼此绝缘又相隔很近的导体都可以看成一个电容器（2）充电，从灵敏电流计可以观察到短暂的充电电流。充电后,切断与电源的联系,两个极板间有电场存在,充电过程中由电源获得的电能贮存在电场中,称为电场能.放电，从灵敏电流计可以观察到短暂的放电电流.放电后,两极板间不存在电场,电场能转化为其他形式的能量.小结充电带电量Q增加,板间电压U增加,板间场强E增加,电能转化为电场能放电带电量Q减少,板间电压U减少,板间场强E减少,电场能转化为电能2、（1）电容器所带的电量Q与电容器两极板间的电势差U的比值，叫做电容器的电容。（2）UQC（3）法拉（F）还有微法（F）和皮法（pF）1F=10-6F=10-12pF（4）电容是表示电容器容纳电荷本领的物理量，是由电容器本身的性质（由导体大小、形状、相对位置及电介质）决定的,与电容器是不是带电无关三、反思总结1、保持 Q和 d 不变，S 越小,静电计的偏转角度越大,U 越大,电容 C越小；2、保持 Q和 S不变，d 越大，偏转角度越小，C越小.3、保持 Q、d、S都不变,在两极板间插入电介质板,静电计的偏转角度并且减小,电势差 U越小电容C增大.结论:平行板电容器的电容C与介电常数 成正比,跟正对面积S成正比,跟极板间的距离文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 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HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7名师精编优秀教案d 成反比.真空kdSC4介质kdSCr4四、当堂检测1.AD 2.AB 3.D 课后练习与提高1（1）正电（2）0.02m 2（1）CU；（2）dU（3）21C，CU，2U，dU文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 HC10P1Q8D1V7 ZI10C7Z3T9H7文档编码:CW4A4H10N10X1 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