大英4课后答案.docx

Unit 1Text AComprehension of text1. He defines greatness as the lasting contribution which a person makes or has made to human civilization.2. The example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and dedication in achieving greatness.3. Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of crisis, but middle- born children are better peacetime leaders.4. A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a social person.5. Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, such as the ability to communicate effectively.6. The ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.7. They simply dont devote the amount of time required.8. The study showed that enjoying ones work is the best form of motivation.Vocabulary1 chat2.acknowledge3.motivated4.charcteristic 5 despite6.influential7.cited8.obstacle9 intrinsic10.criteria11.obsession12.innate 13 contribution(s)14.contemporary15.submitted16.morale1 left behind2.rise3.made history4.were endowed with 5 put up with6.going nowhere7.ifocuses on8.be built on9 put ine up with11.take charge12.set.apartWord buildingefficiencyemergencyfluencyfrequency proficiencytendencyurgencysufficiency1 fluency2.proficiency3.emergency4.Efficiency5 tendency6.frequencyStructure1. For some students, it's not that they don't put in enough time it's that they dont have good study habits.2. Children perform differently at school. It's not that they have different IQs it's that they are brought up in different environments.3. The company is not very productive. It's not that its staff aren't talented it's that their energy hasn't been channeled effectively.4. Im really sorry. It's not that I don't want to go to the cinema with you it's that I have to finish my paper tonight.5. You have a stomachache. It's not that the food was bad it's probably that you have too much stress from your work.1. President Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic and political isolation. Instead, he believed in international cooperation through an association of nations.2. Computers don't teach students in groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according to their different needs.3. We shouldn't focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve the problem of the greatest urgency at present.4. He doesnt get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend to everything himself.5. Teaching success shouldn't be measured by the scores the students receive on tests. Instead, it should be measured by whether the students have internalized the ability and desire to learn.Close1-5 BCBAD6-10 DCABA11-15 DABCATransition西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。“但研究结果表明， 有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。有的只是程度上的差异而已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。”他举出二战时期的英国首相温斯顿?丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险 者的典范。丘吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。在1940 年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、失败。我们将坚持到底我们永远不会屈服。”1. Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.2. His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.3. If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or you'll go nowhere. The same can be said of other subjects.4. Some actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.5. After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.6. Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared China's reform and opening-up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our country's modernization with his unrelenting efforts.7. Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides one's IQ, many other factors have much to do with one's achievements.8. This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so she can really teach them something. It's not that she is talented, it's that she focuses completely or drawing their full attention in class.Text BGuessing meaning of the context1-5BADAC6-10ACCAB11-14DCABVocabulary exercises1 scandal2.stirred3.projected4.attain5.transformed6.faking7.conveyed8.eloquent9 humiliate10 coherent11 analysis12 rally13 determined14 consoledError correction1 awardsrewards2 theyit3 dodone4decreaseincreased5 risesfalls6strictstrictly7 People continuously workPeople who continuously work8 and provide for psychological supportand provide psychological support 9 forof10 lessmoreText C1-5 ABABC6-9 BCDAUnit 2Text AComprehension of text1. He got no thanks for returning a wallet, though he deserved to.2. He wants to show how much people need gratitude to keep up a spirit of kindness and cooperation.3. She saved up for two years, went to Normandy in person, and gave her son's gold wristwatch to the woman.4. He send a short recording expressing his appreciation of the author's thoughtfulness and sent it to the author.5. A patient whose life was saved by a blood transfusion came back again and again to donate his blood anonymously so that more patients could be saved.6. He does it by citing W.H. Hudson's gratitude for his wife's day-to-day heroism.7. Those people who do little things for us all year round.8. It can make people take infinite pains with their work.9. Gratitude is needed all the time and none of us can give too much of it.Vocabulary1 intention2.sincere3.glaring4.sore5 trace6.render4.denial5.proof9 tribute7.conventional11.generous12.gratitude13 slammed14.agreeable1 caught/took my fancy2.a mistake on John's part 3 take for granted4.think twice5 saved up6.referred to7 boast about8.took pains with9 refrain from10.something of11 in one way or another12.fed upWord building1.altitude2.aptitude3.attitude4.longitude5.fortitude6.mulitiude7.latitude8.solitude1 coordination2.coexist3.co-workers4.co-owners5 co-authored6.Cooperation7.Coeducation8.copilotStructure1.no sacrifice for the education of the young was too great 2.No price is too high to pay in order to save their lives 3.cannot be too careful in performing an experiment 4.They cannot praise him too much5.can not be overemphasized 6.cannot be overestimatedCloze1-5 BACDD6-10 BABCD11-15 BADCATransition一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我的一个病人在出院几个星期后回到 医院感谢他的护士。“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我猜想你们对于人们的感激 一定厌烦得要命。”“正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴你来。很少有人意识到我们多么需 要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和 我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作。1. He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.2. John's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was in difficulty.3. He is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it.4. The beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They took/caught all the visitors fancy in one way or another.5. At first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in this area. Then a careful calculation of the expenditure compelled him to think twice before he made the final decision.6. Each time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend Bill never fails to acknowledge it.7. The journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the old couple's letter, which is a tribute to the young man's effort at improving their living conditions.8. Though he was fed up with the salesmen who knocked at his door and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from slamming the door in their face.Text BGuessing the meaning from the context1- 6 CADABD7-12CACABDVocabulary1 apt2interpreting 3presumed4distinction 5undergo 6reconcile 7intrude8accquainting 9annoyed10trivial 11frail12 deny13blurred14conventionError correction1not just friends and familiesnot just with friends and families2histheir3writtingwritten4 what that/which5extreme 6because of they dontbecause they dont7 forby8even theyeven though they9harmfulharmlessText C1-5BDCDB6-10DBBACUnit 3Text Aextremely10 thatitComprehension of text1.He changed his perspective and observed people who did not have smallpox. 2.He wants to give a good example of lateral thinking.3. He compares the human brain to a computer and the change of one's point of view to the reprogramming of the computer.4. It is to fight it.5. He calls it vertical thinking.6. He used the technique of lateral thinking.7. The key is to make a shift in emphasis instead of fighting the problem head-on. 8.They should change their point of view and regard themselves as their body's keeper. 9.Very often lateral thinking yields much better results than vertical thinking.10.It is approaching the target from a sideways point of view instead of approaching it directly.Vocabulary1.tactic2.utmost3.structure4.slack5.significance6.head-on11.ceased7.dead end12.flaw8.erased13.implies9.framework14.affirmed10.vertical;vertical1.wound up being3.take in5.take over2 pulling on4.in effect6.ended up teachingWord building1.approach2.fought3.cure4.pressured 5.focus6.approach7.program8.experienced9 switch10.escape11.fail12.escapedassistantaccountantservantdependentattendant contestant defendantconsultantinhabitantoccupant1 attendant 2.servant3.consultans4.contestant5.accountant6 occupants 7.assistant 8 inhabitants 9.dependants10.defendantStructure1. of use2. of great importance3. of great/critical/extreme significance 4.of little value5.of marked benefit 6.of invaluable help1. should have told me at once2.2. should have told me beforehand3. 3.should have left the company long ago4. never should have happened5. should have left thirty minutes ago6. should have phonedCloze1-5 CDBDA6-10 BBDBB11-15 CABDCTransition一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。“进展越困难，硬汉子越向前”这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什么问题，不管可以用来解决问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。德?博诺医生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序 的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。当然，它的缺陷是，如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没有放对，那么整个结构就会坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。横向思维，德? 博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法一种完全避免这种拼搏，用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。1. Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with different tactics.2. Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to reach a dead end.3. The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local government. Whether it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.4. While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view and solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.5. Many people believe that computer labs will eventually take over from the libraries and students who want to take in new knowledge will end up learning everything in the computer lab.6. Yesterday his car crashed into a truck almost head-on. If he does not stop driving so carelessly, I am sure he will wind up in the emergency room of a hospital.7. There is a flaw in the structural design of the painting. Why don't you erase the vertical lines and simplify it a little bit?8. John should have given up smoking a long time ago. After all, health is of the utmost importance to everybody.Text BVocabulary exercises1 logical2.emerge3.strive4 scattered5.respectable6.cunning7.recommended8.reluctant9 sacrifice10 bargains11analyze12 illustrated1. Pick up2.better off3.is connected with4.work out 5.stooped down6.propposed a bargain7.as it is8.drew out9.fall short10.leaving behindError correction1 thatwhich2 distinguishes two waysdistinguishes between two ways3 anotherother4 thanthat5 thatwhat6 lateralvertical7 require requires8 inon9 featureText Cfeatures10 adequateinadequate1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A5. its a process of reasoning from general principles to particular cases 6. B 7. B 9. A 10. C8. the student perception of key relationships that lead directly to a solution.Unit 4Text AComprehension of text1. The IQs among the students were within the normal range.2. The study showed that a teacher's positive view and high expectations of students convinces them that they are gifted and enables them to do better than average work.3. She did not see this as evidence that the student was not bright or capable, but rather viewed it as one day 抯 poor performance, an exception to a normally good pattern of work.4. It is hard to describe exactly, but her tone was assured and she did not express any negative qualities such as irony, putdowns and/or irritation.5. This shows that positive expectation can be effective even on mice, who do not, of course, understand human language.6. Labeling means thinking of people in terms of the general prejudices which we have about their nationality, their race, or their gender, rather than thinking of them as individuals.7. Labels define a broad, heterogenerous group too specifically. They are usually prejudicial, non-inclusive, and often racist or sexist.8. This example shows how labeling can create a sense of guilt in a person who does not do what is expected, even when he follows his talents and is quite successful.Vocabulary1 breed2.accordingly3.racial4.homogeneous5 inclusive6.welfare7.deceiving8.irritation9 variables10.uncover11.irony12.verbal13 readily14.indifference15.certainty; certainty16.superior1 in terms of 2.due to3.measures/lives up to 4.as often as not5 consisted of 6.go through with 7.in reality8.in partWord building1 unfolded2.unpacked3.undo4.unbend5 unfastened 6.unload7.undressing8.unlocked1.transmit2.transforming;transferri3n.gtranscribed4 transplanting 5.transfer6.transp