Unit 2 基础知识整理讲义--高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册.docx

新人教版book5 unit2基础知识整理（选择性必修二）知识清单plex adj复杂的(=complicated);复合的 nC综合楼群;综合体;联合企业complexity nU&C错综复杂(的事物)2. qualification n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历 acquire /gain/ get/obtain/have/hold qualifications获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格the qualifications for / to do sth有.的资格qualify vt.vi.(使)具备资格;(使)有资格qualify sb for sth 使某人具有的资格qualify sb./ oneself to do sth.使某人/自己有资格做某事 qualified adj.有资格的 be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事3.ambition n.野心;雄心;抱负Until all is over ambition never dies.不到黄河心不死。ambition to do sth / ambition of doing sth做某事的雄心ambitious adj有抱负的;野心勃勃的4.adaptation n适应;改编本make an adaptation to.适应. the adaptation of his book 他的书的改编本adapt v.(使)适应，(使)适合改编，改写(剧本等) adapt to适应/适合   adapt oneself to使某人自己适应/适合 adapt A for B把A改编成B adapt A from B由B改编成Aadaptable adj.能适应环境的;适应力强的5. comfort vt &n (1) vt.安慰;抚慰 (2) n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服; comfort sb.give comfort to sb. 安慰某人comfort sb.with sth 用某物安慰某人 feel comforted 感到很安慰It be a comfort to do sth.做是件令人安慰的事 in comfort舒适地 give comfort to sb.安慰某人comfortable adj.舒适的； comfortably adv.舒适地; comfort zone 舒适地带6.participate in参加;参与 (近义:take part in)participate vi. 参加；参与participate in (doing) sth. with sb. 与某人一起参加/参与做某事participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担某事participant n.参与者 participation n.参加;a show with lots of audience participation 观众热烈参与的演出7. presentation n.报告;陈述;出示;拿出;陈列:上演;演出;(颁奖等)仪式;典礼make/give a presentation 做一个简短介绍give a presentation of 对作陈述make a presentation to为颁发奖品present adj.目前的，现在的(前置定语) / 出席的，到场的(后置定语) cn.礼物; un 目前,现在the present situation目前的形势 the people present在场的人 be present at. 出席.at present目前，现在 a birthday present生日礼物present v .颁发，赠送，展示; 呈现; 陈述; 报告present sth.to sb=present sb. with sth.向某人赠送某物 present the prize 颁奖 8.engage vi. 参加; 参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣)engage in参加 be engaged in.忙于 be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚 engage sb.s interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事 engage sb as. . . 聘请某人为engagement n. 参加, 参与9. involve v包含;需要:沙及:影响:(使)参加involve doing sth.包括做某事involve sb/oneself. in sth./ doing sth.使某人参与(做)某事be involved in参与;参加. be/get involved with sb.与某人有关involved adj.参与的;卷入的； involvement n.参加;参与;涉及;牵连10.edition n.C版;版本;版次edit v.编辑 editor n.编者，编辑11.motivate v.使有动力;激发;激励motivated adj积极的;主动的；有动机的motivation nU积极性;动力C动机;诱因12.advisor n.顾问；指导教师；劝告者advise v.劝告，建议 advise doing sth 建议做某事advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事advise (that) sb (should) do sth建议某人做某事(that宾从使用虚拟语气)advice n.劝告，建议【不可数名词】13.reasonable adj.有道理的;合情理的(价钱)公道的(=fair)常用于名词前尚好的;过得去的reason n.原因，理由v.推理，逻辑思考；推论出，推断出；对（某人）以理相劝，劝告for this reason 为此；由于这个原因 reason with sb规劝某人；与某人评理reasonably adv有理地;合理地14.expectation n.期待;预期;期望come / live up to / meet / answer sb's expectations不负某人所望beyond (sb's) expectation(s)出乎(某人)意料地expect v.期待；预计expect to do sth期待/期望去做某事expect sb to do sth期待/期望某人去做某事15. applicant n.申请人a successful applicant一个成功的申请者apply vi.申请;适用，vt.应用，运用;涂，敷，致力于;专心于apply(to sb.)for.(向某人)申请 apply.to.把应用于.把.敷到. apply to适用于. apply oneself to专心于=be applied to doing sthapplication n. C，U应用;用途;申请(书) applied adj.实用的;应用的16.firm n.C (合伙)商行; (小型的)公司(=business / company)adj.坚硬的;牢固的;稳固的坚定的;坚决的;强有力的adv.稳固地;坚定地an electronics / an advertising / a law firm电子公司/广告公司/律师事务所hold firm to.坚持/坚守.firmly adv.坚固地，牢固地；强而有力地；坚决地17. expose vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)expose . to .使显露于/暴露于/接触到be exposed to . 暴露于；处于危险中exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露exposed adj.无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的；无保护的；易受攻击的18.departure n.启程;离开;出发;背离【反arrival】the departure time出发时间a departure from normal practice对常规做法的偏离depart v.离开19.grasp v.抓住;紧握 理解;领会 grasp sb's meaning理解某人的意思 n.紧抓;紧握;控制 (对知识等的)理解;领会(=understanding)have a firm grasp on.抓紧.;握紧.20.dramatic adj.戏剧的;戏剧性的突然的给人印象深刻的the dramatic arts戏剧艺术 a dramatic increase 剧增 a dramatic victory激动人心的胜利drama n.剧本，戏剧dramatically adv突然地;戏剧地;引人注目地21.expense n.支出;费用;代价spare no expense不惜一切代价 household expenses家庭开支。at sb's expense由某人付费/负担费用 at the expense of.以.为代价expensive adj.昂贵的22. behave vt.表现vi.表现得体;有礼貌behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/不好behave oneself守规矩;举止得体 behaviour / behavior n.举止;行为 good/bad behaviour良好/恶劣行为23.surrounding adj.只用于名词前周围的(=nearby)the surrounding scenery四周的风景surroundings n用复数周围的事物;环境 (=environment)surround v.围绕，环绕 be surrounded with/by.被.围绕24.depress v.正式用语将(某物)压下;推下;拉下使抑郁;使沮丧;使消沉使萧条;削弱depressed adj.感到忧愁/沮丧的depressing adj.令人忧愁/沮丧的depression n.抑郁，沮丧；萧条（期），不景气25.strengthen v.加强;巩固 【反义词】weaken （使）变弱，削弱strong adj.坚强的；强壮的；牢固的；擅长的strongly adv.强有力地；坚强地；激烈地；气味浓地strength n.力量；力气；兵力；长处26.deny v.否认;否定拒绝承认;拒绝接受;拒绝给予deny doing sth他否认做了某事deny sb sth / deny sth to sb拒绝给予某人某物27.optimistic adj.乐观的;抱乐观看法的have an optimistic attitude towards.对.持乐观态度be optimistic about .对.积极乐观pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的28.gain vt(使)获得;赢得获(益)增加(钟、表等走得)快n.C好处;利益; U利润增加gain a degree获得学位 gain advantages from.从.获得好处gain confidence渐渐有了信心 gain ground变得更强大/更成功/更有效;逼近a gain in earnings收入的增加petence n.能力;胜任=abilitycompetent adj. 胜任的；有能力的；能干的；足够的Be competent of =be capable of 能够30.cooperate v.合作; 协作;配合cooperate with .与.合作cooperation nU合作;协作31.sincerely adv.真诚地;诚恳地(yours) sincerely =sincerely (yours) 用于正式信件末尾敬上;谨上sincere adj.衷心的，诚挚的；（人）真诚的，诚恳的sincerity n.真实，诚挚32.logical adj.符合逻辑的;合乎情理的logic n.逻辑，（做某事的）道理；推理方法logically adv.逻辑上；合乎逻辑33.speak up 大声点说；明确表态speak for代表讲话；为辩护 speak one's mind 说出心里话speak well/ill of 表扬/批评 speak highly of 高度评价34.feel at home舒服自在；不拘束be at home 觉得安适；无拘束feel/be at home with sb.和某人合得来be home free 稳操胜券，遥遥领先see sb. home 送某人回家35.in summary 总的来说;总之summary n.总结，概要adj.总结性的，概括的summarize v.总结，概述sum n.金额，款项；算术；总数，总和v.概括，总结；求的和重点句型1.It is/was the first time that .(教材原文)It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。that引导的定语从句的时态必须用完成时: 如果主句中的be动词是is, 从句用现在完成时; 如果主句中的be动词是was, 从句用过去完成时。该句型中的It可以根据语境换成This或ThatIt is time (for sb.) to do sth. 到了(某人)做某事的时候了It is (high) time that sb. did/should do sth.到了某人该做某事的时候了 the first/second/. time从句第一/二/次(引导时间状语从句)2.the first time (that).第一次时(教材原文)The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说，如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明，不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的！名词性短语the first time (that)在此作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次时”。The first time I saw her，she wore a red skirt.我第一次见到她时，她穿着一条红裙子。巩固练习词形转换 1.qualification n.资格；学历 vi.&vt._(使)具备资格_有资格的2.ambition n.野心，抱负 _ adj.有野心的，有抱负的3.participation n.参加；参与 _ vi. _ n.参加的人员4motivate vt.激发，激励 _ n.动力，积极性 _ adj.积极的，主动的5. depart vt. 离开_ n. 离开 6.expose vt. 使接触;暴露_n.接触；体验；暴露；揭露 7. surround vt.包围，围绕 _adj.周围的；附近的_ n.环境8. depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的 _. vt.使沮丧；使忧愁petence n.能力，胜任_ adj.有能力的，能胜任的10.adapt v适应；改编_n.适应；改编fort n.安慰；舒服v安慰_adj舒适的_adv舒适地12.apply v申请；敷_n.申请人_n.申请_adj应用的13.expect v期望_n.期望；期待 _adj 预料到的重要短语1._幸亏，由于，因为 2._通常，大体上；总的来说3. _处理，料理；接待 4. _产仔；诞生，出现5._履行，实施，执行 6._ 开始做某事7._参加;参与 8._“一带一路”倡议9._据我所知 10._就我而言;依我看来11._总的来说;总之 12._一般来说13._(使)从事;参与 14._参与；卷入: .有关联15._大声点说:明确表态 16._舒服自在:不拘束17._舒适范围单句语法填空1.A dramatic _(present) of the topic no more than 10 minutes long.2. Congratulations to you on your _ (qualify) for the World Cup Football Championship!3.It was the first time that I _(see) such a moving movie.4. My brothers plans are very _ (ambition); he wants to master English and French before he is sixteen.5. Im going to ask each of you to make a short _ (present) on what you saw.6. There is convincing evidence that skin cancer is linked to _ (expose) to the sun.7.I'll talk to them，but I won't feel _(comfort) about it.8. If a student lacks the _ (motivate) to study, he will quickly become tired of studying.9. It is likely that our parents can understand us better and give us some _ (reason) advice.10.Believe that _(engage) in violence against the state is not immoral.11. The advertisement for engineers in the local paper attracted many _ (apply).12.The book described the _(adapt) of desert species to the hot conditions.13. They had received no news of him since his _ (depart) from the island.14.They invited the world to participate _an international exposition.15. I _ (firm) believe that it will be a success and we will enjoy ourselves.16. Theres no _ (deny) that quicker action could have saved them.17.No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved _ various activities on Earth Day.18. As far as I _(concern), not only does outdoor exercise get us close to nature but it also gives us relaxation from heavy schoolwork.19.We all have an _ (expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.20.She thanked me several times _ (sincere), which made me feel extremely proud.课文语法填空It was the first time that 19­year­old Xie Lei 1._ (leave) China for London.She was very 2._(excite) but also quite nervous.Xie Lei was 3._a year­long exchange programme.She wanted to learn about global business 4._improve her English.Her ambition is 5._ (set) up a business in China after graduation.At first，Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country.In order to adapt to the new culture 6._(quick)，Xie Lei chose to live with a host family.Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements.Her tutor 7._(advise) her to read lots of information to form 8._wise opinion of her own.Xie Lei also found many courses included students' 9._(participate) in class as part of the final result.Now halfway through 10._(she) exchange year，Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK.学科网（北京）股份有限公司