高考英语语法填空---2代词(共9页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第二集语法填空核心考点考点突破                  代词  高考考查的重点【考向聚焦】在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。 对应学生用书P5用适当的代词填空1(2013辽宁，29)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.解析句意：Della先赢得了学生的信任，然后赢得了同事的信任。此处用于替代不可数名词trust，故用that。如果代替可数复数名词用those或the ones。答案that2(2013江西，23)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.解析句意：如果他不喜欢的话，不可能会有人40年擅长一件事情。nobody意为“没有人”。答案Nobody3(2013山东，21)I've lived in New York and Chicago，but don't like _ of them very much.解析句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不喜欢。短语not.eitherneither(两者都不)。答案either4(2013陕西，22)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.解析句意：虽然Rosemary这些年患上了一种严重的疾病，但是她并没丧失对生活的热情。根据语境可知用否定词。答案none5(2013天津，12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.解析考查用于比较对象替代的代词。句意：在我们工厂有一些与这份杂志中描述相似的机器。those替代可数名词复数。答案those6(2013四川，2)The traffic on the main street has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.解析考查比较对象的替代。通常可以用that替代不可数名词，此处the traffic为不可数名词，故用that来替代。答案that7(2013新课标，14)It's an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do _解析句意：这是一个只能二选一的处境我们可以在今年买一辆新车，或者去度假，但是我们不可能两件事都做。not.both表不完全否定(并非两者都)。答案both8(2013重庆，31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment，reusing is _解析句意：回收是保护环境的一种方式；再利用是另一种方式。another可替代a/onen.。答案another9(2013安徽，27)This project requires close teamwork._ will be achieved unless we work well together.解析句意：如果我们不一起良好合作，我们就不会取得任何成就。答案Nothing10(2013浙江，11)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.解析根据横线后定语surveyed in 16 countries可知，意为被调查的那些人中的一半。答案those      对应学生用书P5 不定代词的用法（none，nothing，nobody用 法比较）【典例1】 My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.(2012江西)解析句意：我弟弟想买块好表，但是那家商店没有。none表示“在一定范围内(三者或三者以上)一个也没有”。答案none【典例2】 I knew that _ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.(2011湖南)解析句意：我知道没有什么能够阻止他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演。考查代词。答案nothing 1John has tried many ways to solve the physics problems，but _ works.解析根据语境可知，此题应填代词none指代not any way。句意：约翰已经尝试了许多解决这些物理难题的方法，但是没有一种方法有效。答案none2How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind，but _ is so good to me as Bruce.答案none none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法none 指人或物，相当于no名词；可回答how many，how much的提问；可与of连用 How much money do you have？None.你有多少钱？一点也没有。I want some more cheese，but there's none left.我想再吃点奶酪，但是一点也没剩。As we were asleep，none of us heard the sound.由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。nothing 指物；可回答what的提问 What are you doing now？Nothing.你现在在干什么？什么也没干。nobody (no one) 指人；可回答who的提问 Who is in the room？No one/Nobody.谁在屋里？没人。no one无任何人nothing无任何物none无所提及的人、物  none的用法比较）【典例3】 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.(2010重庆)解析句意：战争期间他发脾气且损害了健康；但现在哪一样都没有了。考查代词。根据题干中的temper和health，可知设空处指的是两者。答案either【典例4】 John，when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday?_I'll be off to London then.(2012重庆)解析句意：约翰，我们什么时候再见一次面，周四还是周五？都不行，我那个时候要去伦敦。根据答语中的I'll be off to London then.可知需填表否定意义的代词。答案Neither 3It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which _ of the parents spoke the language.答案neither4Which of the three optional courses did you like best，Joe?To tell you the truth，I didn't like _ of them.答案any either，both，neither，all，none，any的常见用法如下：两者either肯定含义作主语时谓语动词常用单数both肯定含义作主语时谓语动词用复数neither否定含义作主语时谓语动词常用单数三者或三者以上 不定代词的用法（other，another，the other， others，the others的用法比较）【典例5】 Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010全国)解析考查代词用法。句意：双方都不肯与对方交谈，除非我们消除他们之间的隔阂。根据句中的neither可知共有两方，所以指双方中的另外一方用the other。答案the other【典例6】 The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.解析根据句意“经理认为价格的上涨不会再超过4%”可知，another为本题的正确答案。在英语中，“another基数词名词”结构相当于“基数词more名词”结构，意为“再/又”。答案another 5No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _答案the other6Would you like to go and watch a tennis match this weekend with us?I'm sorry，but I've got _ plans.答案other 在英语中，other(s)，the other(s)，another是常用的代词，它们的用法如下：(1)other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示泛指概念。(2)others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“other名词”结构，也表示泛指概念。(3)the other有两种常见用法：the other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示特指概念；the other意为“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one.the other.”结构。(4)the others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“the other可数名词复数”结构，表示特指概念。(5)another意为“又/再”，常用于“another基数词名词”结构。该结构相当于“基数词more名词”这一结构。 全部否定与部分否定【典例7】 Wow！You've got so many clothes.But _ of them are in fashion now.解析句意：哇！你有那么多衣服啊。但是现在没有一件跟得上潮流的了。根据句意，空格处应用否定代词none。注意neither与none的用法不同：前者表示“两者都不”，后者表示“三者或三者以上都不”。答案none【典例8】 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but _ of them wants to，because they have work to do.(2012新课标全国)解析考查代词的用法。句意：Larry让Bill和Peter和他一起去野餐，但是他们两个人没有一人想去，因为他们都有工作要做。前面提到的是Bill和Peter两个人，再结合转折连词but和谓语动词wants可知是对两者进行否定，所以用neither。答案neither 7The exam was easy，wasn't it?Yes，but I don't think _ could pass it.答案everybody8I haven't seen _ of her films，but judging from the one I have seen recently I think she's a promising actress.答案both 全部否定的不定代词：none，no one，nobody，nothing，neither，not any，no名词。部分否定的不定代词：not与all，both，everyone，everybody, everything等连用，其中not可以位于句首或句中。 替代词的用法【典例9】 More than 68，600 foreigners are working in Shanghai.The number is 13 times _ of 1996，when Shanghai started issuing expatriate work permits.解析考查代词。句意：现在有超过68 600个外国人在上海工作。此数量是1996年开始签发侨民工作许可证时的13倍。此处that指代上文中的“number”。答案that【典例10】 I just choose a simpler lifestyle，_ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.解析考查代词。句意：我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式，一种可以骑自行车到处跑，不必为生活而奔波的生活方式。one是a simpler lifestyle的同位语。答案one 9We've been looking for cheap houses but haven't found _ yet.答案one10The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.答案that that，it，one，ones，those，the one(s)等都可以用作代词，但它们所指代的情况不同。(1)it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。(2)one表示泛指概念，替代可数名词的单数形式。其复数形式ones也表示泛指概念，用来替代可数名词的复数形式。the one(s)也是替代可数名词，但表示特指概念。(3)that既可以用来指代不可数名词，又可以用来指代可数名词单数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the名词”结构。(4)those用来指代可数名词复数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the可数名词复数”结构。它是that(指代可数名词单数时)的复数形式。(5)当that或those在句中指代事物时，它们的后面通常使用一些后置定语，如：Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.(that指代不可数名词joy)特别提醒：(1)that只能代替事物不能代替人(定语从句除外)，one既可代替事物也可代替人。(2)“物主代词own”之后不能加one。(3)一般可以用this one，that one，较少用these ones和those ones。当ones前有形容词修饰时则可以用these和those。 it的用法【典例11】 No matter where he is，he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.(2012陕西)解析考查it作形式宾语。句意：不管他在哪儿，早餐前都要去散步，这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语，不定式短语“to go for a walk before breakfast”是真正的宾语。答案it【典例12】 I've read another book this week.Well，maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.解析考查强调句型。此处被强调部分为“not how much you read but what you read”。句意：这个星期我又读了一本书。嗯，也许重要的不是你读的量的多少而是你所读的内容。答案it 11(2011江西)Why don't you bring _ to his attention that you're too ill to work on?答案it12We have made _ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.答案it it的用法归纳(1)it的基本用法：it可以用作人称代词，指代事物或上文提到过的内容；在特定的环境中，也可指性别不详、身份不明的人或婴儿等；可以表示天气、时间、距离、金钱等。(2)it充当形式主语或形式宾语的用法(3)有关it的几个易混句型It's time for sb to do sthIt/This/That isthe first/second.timethat sb has/have done sthIt will be时间段before sb do/does sthIt is/has been时间段since sb did sthIt is/was具体时间点when从句。(4)it可以用来构成强调句型这一句型可以对主语、宾语及状语进行强调。 指示代词、反身代词、人称代词的用法【典例13】 Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street？_ is where the Grand Theatre is.解析that在此指代较远的地方。答案That【典例14】 Surprisingly，Susan's beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.(2011安徽)解析考查代词。句意：令人惊奇的是，苏珊漂亮的头发垂到了膝盖以下，几乎成为了她的外套。此处itself指的是“头发本身”。答案itself【典例15】 There is _ in his words.We should have a try.(2011四川)解析由“我们应该试一试”可知，第一句句意应该为“他的话有道理”；代词something在此意为“重要的东西”，符合句意。答案something【典例16】 _ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.解析such作代词，指代后面要提到的名词the power。答案Such 13Have you heard the latest news?No，what _？答案is it14To save class time，our teacher has _ students do half the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.答案us15Who called me this morning when I was out?A man calling _ Robert.答案himself16Some of the stamps belong to me，while the rest are _答案his and hers 做题过程中要注意做到以下两点：1明确指代。我们首先要分析上下文，明确代词所代指的对象；代词指代的是人还是物；代词代指的是可数名词还是不可数名词；代词代指的是单数概念还是复数概念(是两者、三者还是三者以上)；是特指还是泛指。2逻辑关系。做题时，通过分析上下文所蕴含的逻辑关系做出正确的判断。可以从以下两个方面考虑：代词表示的范围；代词在句中构成的是全部否定还是部分否定。 对应学生用书P8用适当的代词填空1(2013北京东城区高三期末)I asked for some more cake，but there was _ left.解析句意：我想再要一些蛋糕，但没有一个留下。此处none意为“一个没有”。答案none2(2013北京海淀区期末)John has always wanted an ipad and he has just saved enough money to buy _解析句意：John想买一部ipad，他已攒够买一部的钱。此处onean.是同类指代。答案one3(2013北京西城区高三期末)Being more realistic，the elderly have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of _ that don't.解析句意：更现实的是，年龄大的人已经学会了集中精力于让他们感到高兴的事，并放弃那些不能让他们高兴的事。此处thosethings。答案those4(2013山师附中月考)Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _ didn't help.解析句意：汤姆的母亲不断地告诉他应该更加努力地学习，可是没用。此处it didn't help意为“没有，不奏效”。it指代前面的内容。答案it5(2013济宁一中高考模拟)Have you got any books on English grammar？I'd like to borrow _Yes，here you are.But you must return it by Friday.解析句意：你有关于英语语法方面的书吗？我想借一本。是的，给你。但你必须在周五之前归还。此处one表示同类指代，因为不知道是哪本书，只知道是本英语语法书。答案one6(2013石家庄一检)Mary's parents admitted that she was always contrary to a wish of _解析句意：玛丽的父母承认她总是和父母的愿望相反。此处theirs相当于their wish。答案theirs7(2013江西南昌高三调研)Mr Blark，_ who we all admire，is a kind but strict teacher.解析句意：布莱克先生是一个善良而又严格的老师，他是一位我们都很尊敬的老师。此处onea teacher指一类老师。答案one8(2013山东大学附中月考)What do you think about smoking?Well，just as someone puts _，smoking kills.解析句意：正如人们所说的那样，吸烟可以要人命。put it(说)，it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词或动词短语之后，作形式宾语。此类词还有：enjoy，dislike，like，hate，love，don't mind，be fond of，feel like，see to，appreciate等。答案it9(2013哈师大附中高三期末)Although his excuse was as good as _ other，I don't believe that was a fact.解析句意：尽管他的借口几乎与其他的一样，但我认为那不是事实。此处any other意为“其他的”。答案any10(2013皖南八校联考)Singing with Sun Yang，the swimming champion，face to face is an unforgettable moment，_ the little girl always treasures.解析句意：和游泳冠军孙杨面对面的唱歌是一次难忘的时刻，那个小女孩永远珍惜那一刻。此处one是an unforgettable moment的同位语，后接定语从句the little girl always treasures。答案one 专心-专注-专业